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博坦公司诉厦门海关行政处罚决定纠纷案
原告:福建省厦门博坦仓储有限公司,住所地:厦门市海沧嵩屿。
法定代表人:陈和华,该公司董事长。
被告:中华人民共和国厦门海关,住所地:厦门市海后路。
法定代表人:周卓为,该海关关长。
原告厦门博坦仓储有限公司(以下简称博坦公司)因不服被告中华人民共和国厦门海关(以下简称厦门海关)对其作出的行政处罚决定,向福建省厦门市中级人民法院提起行政诉讼。
原告诉称:2004年10月27日,被告厦门海关以明知货物走私进口仍提供卸储服务为由,根据《中华人民共和国海关法行政处罚实施细则》(以下简称《海关行政处罚细则》)第六条第二款规定,对原告作出
(2002)厦关查罚字第05-028号行政处罚决定(以下简称028号行政处罚决定),决定没收违法所得人民币44 978
766元(以下未特殊注明的金额均为人民币),并处罚款1000万元。首先,为这些油料的进口手续不全,原告曾致函厦门石油总公司,也向被告反映过,被告的工作人员曾为此进行过协调,同意放行这些油料,厦门石油总公司也表示由他们负责补办海关手续,责任由他们承担。其次,《海关行政处罚细则》是为1987
年颁布施行的《中华人民共和国海关法》(以下简称海关法)而制定实施的。被告处理本案时,新海关法已经颁布实施,旧海关法及相关细则不再适用。被告适用旧的细则作出行政处罚决定,适用法律明显错误。再次,原告从这些业务中共获取营业收入5
797 142.97美元,折合人民币 47 985 271元;扣除劳动者工资、仓储设备折旧提成以及其他必要支出26
809 123元,扣除给国家上缴的税款3 006 505元,原告的所得仅为18 169
643元。被告仅从营业收入中扣除税款,却把其他支出的经营费用都计算为违法所得,对“违法所得”的构成与数额认定错误。第四,被告既把扣除税款后的营业收入都作为违法所得没收,同时又处以1000万元的罚款,处罚显失公正。请求:一、撤销被告作出的028号行政处罚决定,限期被告重新作出具体行政行为,或者判决变更被告作出的行政处罚决定;二、判令被告负担本案诉讼费用。
原告博坦公司提交028号行政处罚决定、中华人民共和国海关总署(以下简称海关总署)的(2004)0037号行政复议决定书以及收件单,用以证明被诉的具体行政行为存在,以及博坦公司在法定期限内提起行政诉讼;提交博坦公司1997年度和
1998年度审计报告、1997年度和1998年度纳税申报表、卸储64艘次货物支出费用一览表、收入计算说明,用以证明博坦公司营业收入总额中包括了经营费用支出及缴纳的税款。
被告辩称:一、关于厦门石油总公司进口油料不办理报关手续的问题,在开始时原告虽然向被告的工作人员反映过,被告的工作人员也曾口头答复可以先放行后补办手续,但也明确表示下不为例,以后的货要海关同意才可以卸储。二、原告是专门从事油料仓储的大型企业,有义务审查进口油料的合法来源。原告明知其卸载和仓储的油料均未在中国境内办理报关纳税手续,是走私进口货物,仍进行卸载和仓储,从中谋取利益。被告根据《海关行政处罚细则》第六条第二款的规定,决定对原告进行行政处罚,适用法律正确,处罚适当。三、
2000年7月8日,第九届全国人大常委会第十六次会议通过的《关于修改<中华人民共和国海关法>的决定》,仅是对1987年海关法进行修改,并未废除该法。《海关行政处罚细则》虽然是根据1987年海关法制定的,但至被告处理本案时,尚未被制定机关宣布废止;只要其不与2000年海关法相抵触,就应当继续有效。四、知情不报并为走私人提供方便的行为是违法行为,违法行为不应受到法律保护。原告为实施违法行为,当然得投入一定成本,即原告所称的经营费用,但这种成本不应得到法律保护,只能根据咎由自取的原则令违法人自行负担。如果对行为人投入的违法成本也给予保护,无异于纵容行为人实施违法行为。因此,被告在扣除了原告上缴给国家的税款后,将原告的其他收入计算为违法所得予以没收,是正确的。原告要求从中扣除其投入的违法成本,没有法律依据,不应支持。被告作出的行政处罚决定是正确的,法院应当维持。
被告厦门海关提交以下证据:
1.企业法人营业执照,用以证明博坦公司具有经营油品仓储业务的资质;
2.博坦公司与厦门石油总公司的来往函电,用以证明博坦公司明知油料是未办理报关手续的走私进口货物仍卸载和仓储,且未向海关报告;
3.博坦公司与厦门石油总公司、厦门象屿新大地进出口公司签署的柴油仓储协议,用以证明博坦公司允许涉案油料在其油库中卸储并以此收取违法所得;
4.进口成品油卸储情况统计表,用以证明在博坦公司所属油库卸载、仓储走私油料的船舶、运载次数和运载数量;
5.海关核查进口油料的证明材料,用以证明自1997年3月至1998年6月,赫斯特拉号轮等64艘次船舶运载油料入境,未向海关办理报关纳税手续;
6.对陈燕新、林奇志、曾鸣、吴宇波等人的询问笔录,用以证明博坦公司允许走私油料在其油库卸载和仓储,知情不报的事实;
7.福建省高级人民法院(2000)闽刑终字第604号、613号刑事裁定书,用以证明涉案油料是走私货物;
8.博坦公司与厦门石油总公司的来往账单、相关收入计算证明,用以证明博坦公司因卸载和仓储走私油料共收取违法所得 44
978 766元;
9.税收缴款书及清单,用以证明白 1997年5月至1998年6月间,博坦公司共向国家上缴税款3 006
504.77元:
10.028号行政处罚决定书及送达笔录、海关总署(2004)0037号行政复议决定书、听证通知、听证会记录、行政处罚告知单,用以证明厦门海关的行政执法程序合法;
11.《海关行政处罚细则》第六条第二款,用以证明行政处罚行为的法律依据。
厦门市中级人民法院经审理查明:
1997年3月至1998年6月,赫斯特拉号轮等64艘次船舶将未在中国境内办理报关纳税手续的柴油1 150
156.9吨、毛豆油256 569.64吨、毛菜籽油15 568.344吨、棕油7171.22吨、精豆油30
008.01吨、精棕油5633.231吨、大豆油15
945.921吨走私入境后,在原告博坦公司所属的油库卸载、仓储,博坦公司因此收入 5 797
142.97美元,折合人民币47 985 271元,期间向国家缴纳税款3 006
505元。据此,被告厦门海关于2004年10月27日作出028号行政处罚决定,决定没收博坦公司的违法所得44 978
766元,并处罚款
1000万元。2005年2月4日,海关总署作出(2004)0037号行政复议决定书,决定驳回博坦公司的复议申请,维持厦门海关作出的028号行政处罚决定。
另查明:1997年3月,原告博坦公司致函厦门石油总公司.提出厦门石油总公司在博坦公司卸储的油料手续不全,不予装船,要求厦门石油总公司提供海关文件。
3月25日,厦门海关工作人员吴宇波在协调此事时,口头表示货可以先放,但要求厦门石油总公司补办海关手续,且下不为例,以后的货要海关同意才可以卸储。
3月25日、4月1日,厦门石油总公司给博坦公司回函,称海关手续由其办理,责任由其承担,要求博坦公司以后按照现行方式进行作业。
本案争议焦点是:1.将《海关行政处罚细则》第六条第二款作为028号行政处罚决定适用的法律依据是否正确?2.应当如何认定博坦公司的行为?3.本案违法所得数额认定是否恰当?
厦门市中级人民法院认为:
海关法是法律,《海关行政处罚细则》是行政法规。行政法规当然要服从法律,但不等于说法律修改了,根据修改前法律制定的行政法规就自然失效。法律无论是否修改,根据法律制定的行政法规中,凡是与修改前或者修改后法律相抵触的条文都是无效的,其他条文必须由法律、行政法规或者国务院的命令废止才会失去法律效力。
2000年7月8日,第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十六次会议修改了海关法。2004年9月19日,国务院公布《中华人民共和国海关行政处罚实施条例》,其中第六十八条规定:“本实施条例自2004年
11月1日起施行。1993年2月17日国务院批准修订、1993年4月1日海关总署发布的《中华人民共和国海关法行政处罚实施细则》同时废止。”028
号行政处罚决定于《海关行政处罚细则》未被废止之前作出,以《海关行政处罚细则》第六条第二款作为法律依据,适用法律并无不当。
作为专门从事油料仓储的大型企业,对受海关监管的仓储油料进口来源是否合法,原告博坦公司负有审查的法定义务。事实上,博坦公司起初拒绝出货,说明其清楚自己的此项义务。但在此之后,博坦公司却长期卸载、仓储及放行没有合法来源的油料,也是本案事实。博坦公司的行为符合《海关行政处罚细则》第六条第二款规定的“知情不报并为走私人提供方便的”情形,被告厦门海关据此对该公司作出处罚决定,是正确的。海关个别工作人员对本案进行的协调,以及厦门石油总公司出具责任由其承担的回函,均不能免除博坦公司的法定义务,对其行为的违法性质没有影响。
原告博坦公司违法经营油料的总收入为47 985
271元,双方当事人对此均无异议。上述款项是博坦公司从事违法行为获取的,与违法行为有直接联系,是违法所得,被告厦门海关在扣除3
006 505元税款后,将余额以违法所得没收,并无不当。博坦公司主张从中扣除经营费用,没有法律依据。
据此,厦门市中级人民法院依照《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》(以下简称行政诉讼法)第五十四条第(一)项规定,于2005年6月10日判决:
维持被告厦门海关于2004年10月 27日作出的028号行政处罚决定。
案件受理费284 903元,由原告博坦公司负担。
一审宣判后,博坦公司不服,向福建省高级人民法院提出上诉.理由是:1.上诉人在得知油料没有报关纳税手续后,曾拒绝放行,并且向作为监管部门的被上诉人报告过。其后由于被上诉人的工作人员进行协调,提出对厦门石油总公司进口的油料适用“简易程序”,上诉人才将这些货物放行。事实证明,对他人的走私情况,上诉人并不知情,更不是知情不报,而是每次放行货物都有被上诉人同意放行的明确指示,因此不具有《海关行政处罚细则》第六条第二款规定的情形;2.只有“与走私人通谋为走私人提供运输、保管、邮寄或者其他方便”的,才是修改后海关法第八十四条规定应当处罚的情形;而《海关行政处罚细则》第六条第二款规定,“知情不报并为走私人提供方便”的行为就要处罚。对比两个条文可以看出,《海关行政处罚细则》比修改后的海关法还严厉,与修改后的海关法相冲突,不能在本案适用;3.最高人民法院《关于审理非法出版物刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》第十七条第二款规定:“本解释所称‘违法所得数额’,是指获利数额。”国家工商行政管理局《关于投机倒把违法违章案件非法所得计算方法问题的通知》第一条规定:“在生产经营中,违反国家法律、法规、规章,构成投机倒把违法违章行为的,其非法所得的计算方法是:凡有进销价(包括批发价、零售价)的,以销价与进价之差作为非法所得;属于生产加工的,以生产加工的产品销价与成本价之差作为非法所得。”从上述司法解释与行政规章中可以看出,经营成本应当从违法所得中扣除。在海关总署政法司的一份复函中,也有同样意见。4.被上诉人认为上诉人负有审查货物合法来源的法定义务,认为经营成本不应从违法所得中扣除,但对这两个主张都没有提供相应法律依据,属于没有依法履行举证责任。请求撤销一审判决,撤销被上诉人作出的028号行政处罚决定。
被上诉人厦门海关辩称:1.本案事实证明,对海关监管规定,上诉人是清楚的;在此情况下,上诉人仍为无合法手续的进口油料提供仓储方便且未向海关报告,确实符合《海关行政处罚细则》第六条第二款的规定;2.修改后的《海关法》尽管没有提“知情不报并为走私人提供方便的”应当处罚,但规定进口货物自进境起到办结海关手续止,应当接受海关监管;经营海关监管货物仓储业务的企业,应当按照海关规定办理收存、交付手续;与走私人通谋为走私人提供运输、保管、邮寄或者其他方便,构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任;尚不构成犯罪的,由海关没收违法所得,并处罚款。这一切说明,无论按《海关行政处罚细则》还是按修改后的海关法,上诉人的行为都是违法的。另外,《海关行政处罚细则》第六条第二款对知情不报并为走私人提供方便的人只规定了行政处罚,将其当作一般违法行为处理;而修改后的海关法使用“通谋”一词,把为走私人提供运输、保管、邮寄或者其他方便的行为当作走私共犯行为,对实施这些行为的人首先要考虑追究刑事责任,其次才考虑行政处罚。两者相比,当然是修改后的海关法规定更严厉。《海关行政处罚细则》既不与修改后的海关法抵触,在被诉行政处罚决定作出时也未废止,当然可以适用;3.《海关行政处罚细则》规定的违法所得,是指违法行为人因实施违法行为获得的全部收入,对此不应按合法经营计算利润的方法来确定,也不能用其他规定来解释《海关行政处罚细则》规定的违法所得;4.对上诉人审查货物合法来源的法定义务,以及对没收违法所得,被上诉人都向法庭提交了法律依据,已经履行了举证责任。二审应当驳回上诉,维持原判。
福建省高级人民法院经审理查明:
1997年3月4日,被上诉人厦门海关的工作人员吴宇波曾就上诉人博坦公司所报厦门石油总公司进口油料没有报关纳税手续一事进行协调,形成一份“会议纪要”。该“会议纪要”由厦门海关作为证据向一审法院提交,但一审判决书漏列,并且将此次会议时间错认定为1997年3月25日,应当更正。对1997年3
月至1998年6月期间,博坦公司所属油库属非保税油库,不能仓储保税油品;对厦门海关作出本案被诉行政处罚决定前履行了告知、听证义务,处罚程序合法等事实,双方当事人均无异议,应予确认。二审期间,博坦公司申请调取海关总署政策法规司的政法函[2003]58号函件。二审应此申请,向海关总署政策法规司进行查询。经查,海关总署政策法规司确实制作过政法函[2003]58号函,这是对国务院法制办工交商事司征询“违法所得”含义时制作的函复意见,从未作为海关总署的正式文件下发各地海关执行。除此以外,确认一审认定的其他事实属实。
二审争议焦点是:1.博坦公司的行为是否属于《海关行政处罚细则》第六条第二款规定的情形?2.《海关行政处罚细则》第六条第二款规定是否与修改后的海关法冲突?3.违法所得应否包括违法人为实施违法行为投入的经营费用?
福建省高级人民法院认为:
一、看上诉人博坦公司的行为是否属于《海关行政处罚细则》第六条第二款规定的情形,应当看其行为是否同时具备知情不报、为走私人提供方便这两个客观要件。
关于知情不报,包括知道后不报,也包括应当知道而以不知道为推托不报。判断是否构成应当知道,要根据行为人的知识程度、智力状况、工作能力和业务水平等因素,对行为人主观上是否认知某一事实进行推断。从一般意义上说,了解相关行业的法律规定,是每一个参与经济活动的市场主体开展经营活动时应有的能力和基本要求。1996年,博坦公司工作人员廖明德在回复香港PAKTANK亚太公司拿斯·博纶的法律咨询时,在传真件中明确表述了进口油料在非保税油库卸储前应依法履行报关纳税手续的法律规定,说明作为一家专门从事油料仓储业务的大型企业,博坦公司十分清楚我国海关的法律规定。在具体业务过程中,博坦公司也是按照这些法律规定进行操作。如对在“赫斯特拉”号油轮之前“佩拉”号油轮卸储的进口油料,博坦公司就曾因厦门石油总公司没有提供相应海关文件拒绝放行。其后对“赫斯特拉”号油轮卸储的进口油料,被上诉人厦门海关的工作人员在协调中,虽然提出适用“简易程序”先放行后补办手续的意见,但同时也要求厦门石油总公司在补办海关手续后,应当将申请书和海关批准文件的副本送达给博坦公司,作为博坦公司提供卸储服务的根据。对“赫斯特拉”号油轮随后进境卸储的油料,博坦公司又因海关手续问题再次拒绝放行,并在发往厦门石油总公司的传真件中重申厦门海关的上述协调意见,多次明确卸入其油库的进口油料应该是已交纳关税的物品,指出“从国外进来的油品将只有在厦门海关的书面批准获得之后才能放行装油”。这些事实证明,博坦公司有能力认识到厦门石油总公司不能出示海关批准手续,多次将进口油料卸储在其经营的油库中的行为是违法行为,厦门海关的协调意见没有对博坦公司产生误导或欺骗作用。然而,博坦公司只限于一再表示拒绝提供仓储服务,却又一直实际地为厦门石油总公司的走私进口油料提供仓储服务,并不向作为监管部门的厦门海关报告。博坦公司无视我国法律规定,长期为没有合法手续的进口油料提供仓储方便,放任他人违法行为的发生和发展,主观上存在过错,行为上同时具备了知情不报、为走私人提供方便的两个客观要件,触犯了《海关行政处罚实施细则》第六条第二款的规定。博坦公司上诉主张,其已将所知道的情况向监管部门作了通报,对涉案油料的每次卸储及放行都有厦门海关同意的明确指示,缺乏相应的证据,不予支持。
二、1987年颁布实施的原海关法,对走私犯罪行为的表现形式规定得不够仔细,特别是对走私共犯之间的责任如何承担未作规定,以至实际操作中产生不少问题。为了执行原海关法中关于法律责任的规定,根据该法第六十条的授权,国务院批准制定和修订了《海关行政处罚细则》,其中第六条第一款规定:“对两人或者两人以上共同所为的走私行为,应当区别情节及责任,分别给予处罚。”第二款规定:“知情不报并为走私人提供方便的,没收违法所得,可以并处违法所得两倍以下的罚款。”这一条不仅第一次提到共同走私,也是第一次将“知情不报并为走私人提供方便”的行为列为共同走私。
1999年12月25日修正的《中华人民共和国刑法》(以下简称刑法)第一百五十六条规定:“与走私罪犯通谋,为其提供贷款、资金、账号、发票、证明,或者为其提供运输、保管、邮寄或者其他方便的,以走私罪的共犯论处。”为了与修正后的刑法一致,修改后的海关法第八十四条规定:“伪造、变造、买卖海关单证,与走私人通谋为走私人提供贷款、资金、账号、发票、证明、海关单证,与走私人通谋为走私人提供运输、保管、邮寄或者其他方便,构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任;尚不构成犯罪的,由海关没收违法所得,并处罚款。”“通谋”一词,常见于刑事立法中对共犯关系的描述。既是“通谋”,前提必须是明知,而明知包括行为人知道或者应当知道。依照修改后的海关法第八十四条规定,如果行为人知道或者应当知道走私人正在从事走私活动,仍然为走私人提供运输、保管、邮寄或者其他方便,就构成“与走私人通谋”,此时首先考虑追究行为人的刑事责任,其次才考虑对不构成犯罪的给予行政处罚。两相比较,《海关行政处罚细则》第六条第二款的规定与修改后的海关法第八十四条规定不冲突,只是处罚程度没有修改后的海关法第八十四条严厉,可以对本案适用。
三、我国是社会主义法治国家,什么样的行为违法,对违法行为人给予何种处罚,都应当由相关法律、法规来规定,各法律、法规的具体规定之间不必然具有参照适用的效力。最高人民法院《关于审理非法出版物刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》,是对人民法院审理非法出版物刑事案件中存在的法律适用问题进行解释,仅限于人民法院审理此类刑事案件时适用。国家工商行政管理局《关于投机倒把违法违章案件非法所得计算方法问题的通知》,亦仅限于工商行政管理机关处理投机倒把违法违章案件时适用。上述两个文件均与认定走私案件的违法所得无关。海关总署政法司的复函,既不是法律、法规和规章,也不是海关总署为具体应用法律、法规和规章作出的解释,仅是海关总署内设机构对相关法律问题表达的一种观点,依法不能作为行政案件的审判依据。况且对违法行为人投入的经营费用应否从违法所得中扣除,这三份文件也没有明确、统一的标准,不具有参考价值。《海关行政处罚细则》第六条第二款只规定对知情不报并为走私人提供方便的人要没收违法所得,没有规定还要将违法行为人投入的经营费用从违法所得中扣除。上诉人博坦公司认为审理本案应当参照前述三份文件,主张其投入的经营费用应当从违法所得中扣除,没有法律依据,理由不能成立。
综上,被上诉人厦门海关作出的028号行政处罚决定,符合法律规定,是正确的。一审认定事实清楚,适用法律正确,审判程序合法,判决维持028号行政处罚决定,并无不当。上诉人博坦公司的上诉理由缺乏相应的事实根据和法律依据,不能成立。据此,福建省高级人民法院依照行政诉讼法第六十一条第(一)项规定,于2005年
10月14日判决:
驳回上诉,维持原判。
本案二审案件受理费284 903元,由上诉人博坦公司负担。
本判决为终审判决。 |
|
Paktanle Company v. Xiamen Customs
(Dispute over Administrative Penalty Decision)
Plaintiff: Fujian Xiamen Paktanle Co., Ltd., domiciled at Songyu,
Haicang District, Xiamen City.
Legal Representative: Chen Hehua, board chairman of the company.
Defendant: Xiamen Customs of the People’s Republic of China,
domiciled at Haihou Road, Xiamen City.
Legal Representative: Zhou Zhuowei, Commissioner of the Customs.
Xiamen Paktanle Co., Ltd. (the plaintiff, hereinafter referred to as
Paktanle Company) was dissatisfied with the administrative penalty
decision made by Xiamen Customs of the People’s Republic of China
(hereinafter referred to as Xiamen Customs), and brought an
administrative lawsuit with the Intermediate People’s Court of
Xiamen Municipality, Fujian Province (hereinafter referred to as
Xiamen Intermediate Court).
Paktanle Company alleged: On October 27, 2004, Xiamen Customs
decided to confiscate Paktanle Company’s CNY 44,978,766 of illegal
proceeds and to impose a fine of CNY 10 million by No. 05-028 (2002)
administrative penalty decision (hereinafter referred to as No. 028
administrative penalty decision) in accordance with Paragraph 2 of
Article 6 of the “Detailed Rules for the Implementation of
Administrative Penalties under the Customs Law of the People’s
Republic of China” (hereinafter referred to as the “Detailed Rules
on Customs Administrative Penalties”) on the ground that Paktanle
Company obviously knew that the goods were imported by smuggling but
still provided unloading and warehousing services therefor. Firstly,
regarding the incomplete procedures for import of the oil, Paktanle
Company sent a letter to Xiamen Petroleum Company, and also reported
to Xiamen Customs. Xiamen Customs’ functionary had also dealt with
the matter and approved the release of the oil. Meanwhile, Xiamen
Petroleum Company also said they would take charge of making up the
customs procedures and bear the liabilities. Secondly, the “Detailed
Rules on Customs Administrative Penalties” were formulated for the
implementation of the “Customs Law of the People’s Republic of
China” (hereinafter referred to as the Customs Law) promulgated and
coming into force in 1987. When Xiamen Customs handled the present
case, the new Customs Law had been promulgated and come into force,
and thus the old Customs Law and relevant detailed rules should no
longer apply. When Xiamen Customs made the administrative penalty
decision according to the old detailed rules, the application of
laws was obviously wrong. Thirdly, Paktanle Company gained a total
of USD 5,797,142.97 of operational revenue from the business, which
could be converted into CNY 47,985,271; after deduction of CNY
26,809,123 of workers’ wages, warehousing equipment depreciation and
other necessary expenditures, as well as CNY 3,006,505 of taxes paid
to the state, Paktanle Company’s income was merely CNY 18,169,643.
Xiamen Customs only deducted the taxes from the operational revenue,
but counted all other business operational expenditures as illegal
proceeds, which was a wrong ascertainment of the composition and
amount of the “illegal proceeds”. Fourthly, Xiamen Customs
confiscated the operational revenue after deduction of taxes by
regarding them as illegal proceeds, and meanwhile gave a fine of CNY
10 million, and thus the penalty was obviously unjust. Paktanle
Company pleaded the court to: 1. overrule No. 028 administrative
penalty decision made by Xiamen Customs, and order Xiamen Customs to
make a new specific administrative act within a time limit, or
directly modify Xiamen Customs’ administrative penalty decision; and
2. order Xiamen Customs to bear the litigation costs for the present
case.
Paktanle Company submitted the No. 028 administrative penalty
decision, No. 0037 (2004) decision of administrative reconsideration
of the People’s Republic of China the General Administration of
Customs (hereinafter referred to as the General Administration of
Customs) and a receipt, which prove the existence of the specific
administrative act sued, and that Paktanle Company brought the
administrative lawsuit within the statutory time limit; it also
submitted Paktanle Company’s 1997 and 1998 audit reports, 1997 and
1998 tax returns, table on the expenditures for unloading and
warehousing 64 voyages of goods, and statement on calculation of
revenues, which prove that Paktanle Company’s total amount of
operational revenue contained the business operational expenditures
and the paid taxes.
Xiamen Customs argued: 1. With regard to the issue of Xiamen
Petroleum Company’s failing to go through the procedures for making
up declaration to the customs for the imported oil, although
Paktanle Company reported the fact to a functionary of Xiamen
Customs at the beginning, and the functionary of Xiamen Customs also
orally replied that the procedures could be made up after the goods
were released, Xiamen Customs clearly said the circumstance should
no longer be repeated, and the future goods should not be unloaded
or warehoused without the consent of the customs. 2. Paktanle
Company is a large enterprise specially engaged in oil warehousing,
and should be obligated to examine the lawful sources of the
imported oil. However, despite that Paktanle Company clearly knew
that no procedures for declaration to the customs or those for tax
payment were fulfilled within the territory of China for the oil it
unloaded and warehoused, and despite that the oil was goods imported
through smuggling, it still unloaded and warehoused the oil, for the
sole purpose of seeking benefits. Xiamen Customs decided to give an
administrative penalty upon Paktanle Company in accordance with
Paragraph 2 of Article 6 of the “Detailed Rules on Customs
Administrative Penalties”. In the decision, the law was correctly
applied, and the penalty was suitable. 3. On July 8, 2000, the
“Decision on Amending the Customs Law of the People’s Republic of
China” adopted at the Sixteenth Session of the Standing Committee of
the Ninth National People’s Congress only amended the 1987 Customs
Law, but did not repeal the Law. Although the “Detailed Rules on
Customs Administrative Penalties” were formulated in accordance with
the 1987 Customs Law, they were not announced by the formulating
organ for repeal when Xiamen Customs handled the present case; and
once they were not in conflict with the 2000 Customs Law, they shall
continue to be effective. 4. Concealing the truth and facilitating
the smuggler are illegal acts which shall not be protected by law.
Paktanle Company should of course pay certain costs i.e., the
business operational expenses as alleged by Paktanle Company, in
order to commit the illegal acts, while such costs shall not be
protected by law, but be borne by the law-breaker itself according
to the principle of lying on the bed made by itself. If the
offender’s illegal costs are protected, it will be the same as
conniving the offender to commit illegal acts. Therefore, it was
correct for Xiamen Customs to count Paktanle Company’s other income
as illegal proceeds and to confiscate them after deducting the taxes
paid by Paktanle Company to the state. Paktanle Company’s claim for
deduction of the illegal costs it had contributed was short of legal
basis, and should not be supported. The administrative penalty
decision made by Xiamen Customs was correct, and should be sustained
by the present court.
Xiamen Customs submitted the following items of evidence:
1. a business license of enterprise legal person, which proves that
Paktanle Company is eligible to provide oil warehousing service;
2. letters between Paktanle Company and Xiamen Petroleum Company,
which proves that Paktanle Company clearly knew the oil was goods
imported through smuggling for which no declaration was made to the
customs, but still unloaded and warehoused it, and did not report to
the customs;
3. agreement on the warehousing of diesel oil as concluded between
Paktanle Company and Xiamen Petroleum Company, Xiamen Xiangyu
Xindadi Import and Export Company, which proves that Paktanle
Company allowed the oil in question to be unloaded and warehoused in
its oil depot and collected illegal proceeds in this way;
4. statistical statements on unloading and warehousing of imported
oil products, which proves the vessels, carriage times and carriage
quantity of the smuggled oil unloaded to and warehoused in Paktanle
Company’s oil depot;
5. proof materials on the customs’ check of the imported oil, which
prove that, from March 1997 to June 1998, the oil was carried into
the territory by 64 voyages including that of the HESTRA ship, and
no procedures for declaration to the customs or for tax payment were
gone through in the customs;
6. inquiry transcripts of Chen Yanxin, Lin Qizhi, Zeng Ming, Wu Yubo,
et al, which prove that Paktanle Company allowed the smuggled oil to
be unloaded and warehoused in its oil depot, and refused to tip it
off;
7. No. 604 and No. 613 (2000) Criminal Rulings of the Higher
People’s Court of Fujian Higher Court (hereinafter refereed to as
Fujian Higher Court), which prove that the oil in question was
smuggled goods;
8. the account statements between Paktanle Company and Xiamen
Petroleum Company and the relevant income calculation documents,
which prove that Paktanle Company totally received CNY 44,978,766 of
illegal proceeds through unloading and warehousing the smuggled oil;
9. tax payment certificates and checklists, which prove that
Paktanle Company totally paid CNY 3,006,504.77 of taxes to the state
from May 1997 to June 1998:
10. No. 028 administrative penalty decision and the records of
service, No. 0037 (2004) decision of administrative reconsideration
of the General Administration of Customs, notice for hearing,
minutes of hearing, and the notification of administrative penalty,
which proves that Xiamen Customs’ administrative law enforcement
procedures were lawful;
11. Paragraph 2 of Article 6 of the “Detailed Rules on Customs
Administrative Penalties”, which proves the legal basis of
administrative penalty.
It was verified by Xiamen Intermediate Court after trial that:
From March 1997 to June 1998, 1,150,156.9 tons of diesel oil,
256,569.64 tons of green soybean oil, 15,568.344 tons of crude
dapeseed oil, 7,171.22 tons of palm oil, 30,008.01 tons of refined
soybean oil, 5,633.231 tons of refined palm oil, and 15,945.921 tons
of soybean oil, for which no procedures for declaration to the
customs or for tax payment had been gone through within the
territory of China, were smuggled into the territory by 64 voyages
including that of the HESTRA ship, and were then unloaded to and
warehoused in Paktanle Company’s oil depot. Paktanle Company thus
gained USD 5,797,142.97 of income which was converted into CNY
47,985,271, and paid CNY 3,006,505 of taxes to the state during that
period. Therefore, Xiamen Customs decided on October 27, 2004 by No.
028 administrative penalty decision to confiscate Paktanle Company’s
CNY 44,978,766 of illegal proceeds and to give a fine of CNY 10
million. On February 4, 2005, the General Administration of Customs
decided by No. 0037 (2004) decision of administrative
reconsideration to reject Paktanle Company’s application for
reconsideration, and to sustain the No. 028 administrative penalty
decision made by Xiamen Customs.
It was further verified: On March 1997, Paktanle Company sent a
letter to Xiamen Petroleum Company, saying that Xiamen Petroleum
Company did not fulfill all the procedures for the oil unloaded and
warehoused by Paktanle Company, and that it did not agree to the
shipment. Meanwhile, it required Xiamen Petroleum Company to provide
the customs documents. On March 25, when Wu Yubo, a functionary of
Xiamen Customs, dealt with the matter, he orally expressed that the
goods could be allowed to pass in advance, but Xiamen Petroleum
Company was required to make up the customs procedures and should no
longer repeat such an act, and the future goods should not be
unloaded and warehoused without the consent of the customs. On March
25 and April 1, Xiamen Petroleum Company replied by letter to
Paktanle Company, saying that it would go through the customs
procedures and bear the liabilities by itself, and meanwhile
requested Paktanle Company to deal with the matter in the present
way in future.
The focuses in dispute in the present case were as follows: 1. Was
it correct to regard Paragraph 2 of Article 6 of the “Detailed Rules
on Customs Administrative Penalties” as the legal basis for making
No. 028 administrative penalty decision? 2. How should Paktanle
Company’s acts be ascertained? 3. Was the amount of illegal proceeds
in question ascertained appropriately?
Xiamen Intermediate Court held:
The Customs Law is a law, while the “Detailed Rules on Customs
Administrative Penalties” are an administrative regulation.
Administrative regulations shall of course defer to laws, but it
does not mean that once a law is amended, the administrative
regulation formulated according to the original law shall be
repealed naturally. No matter whether a law is amended or not, if
any clause in the administrative regulation formulated according to
the law conflicts with the original or amended law, it shall be
ineffective, while other clauses therein will not lose their legal
effectiveness until they have been repealed by any law,
administrative regulation or State Council order. On July 8, 2000,
the Sixteenth Session of the Standing Committee of the Ninth
National People’s Congress amended the Customs Law. On September 19,
2004, the State Council promulgated the “Regulation of the People’s
Republic of China on Implementation of Customs Administrative
Penalties”. Article 68 of the said Regulation prescribes: “The
present Implementation Regulation shall come into force on November
1, 2004. The ‘Detailed Rules for Implementation of Administrative
Penalties under the Customs Law of the People’s Republic of China’
as approved by the State Council on February 17, 1993 for amendment
and promulgated by the General Administration of Customs on April 1,
1993 shall be repealed simultaneously.” The No. 028 administrative
penalty decision was made before the “Detailed Rules on Customs
Administrative Penalties” were repealed, hence the application of
law was not inappropriate when Paragraph 2 of Article 6 of the
“Detailed Rules on Customs Administrative Penalties” was regarded as
the legal basis.
As a large enterprise specially engaged in oil warehousing, Paktanle
Company should bear the statutory obligation of examining whether
the import sources of the warehoused oil under the customs’
supervision were lawful. In fact, Paktanle Company refused the
shipment at the beginning, which meant that it was clear about this
obligation of its own. However, after that, Paktanle Company
unloaded, warehoused and allowed the release of unlawfully sourced
oil for a long time. Paktanle Company’s acts fell into the
circumstance prescribed in Paragraph 2 of Article 6 of the “Detailed
Rules on Customs Administrative Penalties”, i.e., “concealing the
truth and facilitating the smuggler”, hence it was correct for
Xiamen Customs to make a penalty decision on the said company.
Neither the conciliation of a functionary of the customs nor the
reply letter issued by Xiamen Petroleum Company on the assumption of
liabilities could exempt Paktanle Company from the statutory
obligation or affect the nature of illegality of its acts.
Paktanle Company’s total income from illegal operation of oil was
CNY 47,985,271, to which neither party had any objection. The above
mentioned amount was gained by Paktanle Company from its illegal
acts, was directly connected with the illegal acts, and was illegal
proceeds. It was not inappropriate for Xiamen Customs to, after
deducting CNY 3,006,505 of taxes, confiscate the remaining amount as
illegal proceeds. Paktanle Company’s assertion for deducting the
business operational expenses was short of legal basis.
Therefore, Xiamen Intermediate Court adjudicated as follows on June
10, 2005 in accordance with Item (1) of Article 54 of the
“Administrative Litigation Law of the People’s Republic of China”
(hereinafter referred to as the Administrative Litigation Law):
No. 028 administrative penalty decision made by Xiamen Customs on
October 27, 2004 shall be sustained.
The CNY 284,903 of case acceptance fee shall be borne by Paktanle
Company.
After the judgment of the first instance was announced, Paktanle
Company was dissatisfied and appealed to Fujian Higher Court, with
the grounds as follows: 1. After Paktanle Company became aware that
no procedures for declaration to the customs or for tax payment were
gone through for the oil, it refused to allow the release of the
oil, and reported to Xiamen Customs, the supervisory department.
After that, due to the conciliation of Xiamen Customs’ functionary
who proposed to apply “summary procedure” to the oil imported by
Xiamen Petroleum Company, Paktanle Company allowed the release of
the goods. The facts prove that, Paktanle Company did not know the
smuggling activities of other people, and did not conceal the truth,
instead it allowed the release of goods every time upon a clear
instruction of Xiamen Customs for release, hence it was not under
the circumstance prescribed in Paragraph 2 of Article 6 of the
“Detailed Rules on Customs Administrative Penalties”; 2. Only the
act of “colluding with the smuggler to facilitate the smuggler in
transport, custody and mailing, etc.” is under the circumstance to
be penalized according to Article 84 of the amended Customs Law;
while Paragraph 2 of Article 6 of the “Detailed Rules on Customs
Administrative Penalties” prescribes that the acts of “concealing
the truth and of facilitating the smuggler” shall be penalized. It
can be found after comparing the two clauses that the “Detailed
Rules on Customs Administrative Penalties” are severer than and in
conflict with the amended Customs Law, and shall not be applicable
in the present case; 3. Paragraph 2 of Article 17 of the
“Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on Some Issues
concerning the Specific Application of Laws in the Trial of Criminal
Cases Involving Illegal Publications” prescribes: “The term amount
of illegal proceeds as mentioned in the present Interpretation shall
refer to the amount of profits.” Article 1 of the “Notice of the
State Administration for Industry and Commerce on the Issue of How
to Calculate the Illegal Proceeds in the Cases of Violating Laws or
Rules by Speculation and Profiteering” prescribes: “Where anyone
violates any law, regulation or rule of the state in its production
or business operation, and has committed an act of violating a law
or rule by speculation and profiteering, the way of calculating its
illegal proceeds shall be: the difference between the sales price
and the purchase price, if any (including wholesale price and retail
price), shall be regarded as illegal proceeds; or in case of
production or processing, the difference between the sales price and
the cost price of the produced or processed product shall be
regarded as illegal proceeds.” The foregoing judicial interpretation
and administrative rule show that the business operational costs
shall be deducted from the illegal proceeds. A reply letter of the
Department of Policies, Laws and Regulations of the General
Administration of Customs also sticks to the same opinions. 4.
Xiamen Customs held that Paktanle Company should bear the statutory
obligation to examine the lawful sources of the goods, and that the
business operational costs should not be deducted from the illegal
proceeds, but did not provide corresponding legal basis for either
of the two assertions, hence it did not perform the obligation of
providing evidence according to law. Paktanle Company pleaded the
court to overrule the judgment of the first instance, and Xiamen
Customs’ No. 028 administrative penalty decision, as well.
Xiamen Customs argued: 1. The facts in the present case prove that
Paktanle Company was clear about the customs’ supervisory
provisions. However, under such a circumstance, Paktanle Company
still provided warehousing conveniences for the oil imported without
lawful procedures, and did not report it to the customs, hence the
behavior indeed conformed to Paragraph 2 of Article 6 of the
“Detailed Rules on Customs Administrative Penalties”; 2. Although
the amended Customs Law did not mention that the person who
“conceals the truth and facilitates the smuggler” shall be
penalized, it prescribes that all import goods, throughout the
period from the time of arrival in the territory to the time of
customs clearance, shall be subject to customs supervision;
enterprises that operate warehouses where goods under customs
supervision are kept shall fulfill the procedures for the receipt
and delivery of goods in accordance with customs provisions; whoever
colludes with smugglers by facilitating the smuggler in transport,
custody, mailing, etc. shall be subject to criminal liabilities
according to law if a crime is constituted; or if no crime is
constituted, his illegal proceeds shall be confiscated by the
customs, and a fine shall be given to it, in addition. All such
provisions show that no matter whether under the “Detailed Rules on
Customs Administrative Penalties” or under the amended Customs Law,
Paktanle Company’s acts were illegal. Furthermore, Paragraph 2 of
Article 6 of the “Detailed Rules on Customs Administrative
Penalties” only prescribes administrative penalties upon the person
who conceals the truth and who facilitates the smuggler, and regards
such acts as illegal; while the amended Customs Law uses the word
“collusion”, takes the act of facilitating the smuggler in
transport, custody, mailing, etc. as complicit smuggling, and
imposes criminal liabilities upon the offender prior to
administrative penalties. In comparison to this, the amended Customs
Law is of course severer. The “Detailed Rules on Customs
Administrative Penalties” may of course apply since they are neither
in conflict with the amended Customs Law, nor were repealed when the
administrative penalty decision sued was made; 3. The illegal
proceeds prescribed in the “Detailed Rules on Customs Administrative
Penalties” shall refer to all the income gained by the lawbreaker
from committing the illegal acts, and shall not be determined in the
method of calculating the profits from lawful business operation, or
be interpreted according to other provisions; 4. With respect to the
Paktanle Company’s statutory obligation of examining the lawful
source of goods, and with respect to the confiscated illegal
proceeds, Xiamen Customs submitted the legal basis to court, and had
performed the obligation of providing evidence. Fujian Higher Court
should reject the appeal and sustain the judgment of the first
instance.
It was verified by Fujian Higher Court after trial: On March 4,
1997, Wu Yubo, a functionary of Xiamen Customs, dealt with the
matter reported by Paktanle Company about the lack of procedures for
declaration to the customs and those for tax payment for Xiamen
Petroleum Company’s imported oil, and formed the “Meeting Minutes”.
The “Meeting Minutes” were submitted by Xiamen Customs as evidence
to Xiamen Intermediate Court, but were neglected in the judgment of
the first instance. Moreover, the judgment of the first instance
wrongfully ascertained the time of the meeting as March 25, 1997,
which shall be corrected. With respect to the facts occurring from
March 1997 to June 1998, such as that Paktanle Company’s oil depot
was a non-bonded oil depot and could not be used to warehouse bonded
oil products; that Xiamen Customs had performed the obligations of
informing Paktanle Company and held a hearing before making the
administrative penalty decision sued, and thus the penalty
procedures were lawful, both parties had no objection, hence such
facts shall be confirmed. During the second instance, Paktanle
Company applied for collection of No. 58 [2003] letter of the
Department of Policies, Laws and Regulations of the General
Administration of Customs. Upon this application, Fujian Higher
Court inquired the Department of Policies, Laws and Regulations of
the General Administration of Customs. It was found after inquiry
that the Department of Policies, Laws and Regulations of the General
Administration of Customs really issued the No. 58 [2003] letter,
which was the opinion in the form of reply letter to the inquiry of
the Department of Industrial, Traffic and Commercial Affairs of the
Office of Legislative Affairs of the State Council on the meaning of
“illegal proceeds”. But the said letter was never distributed as a
formal document of the General Administration of Customs to the
customs offices at all localities for implementation. Besides, other
facts ascertained in the first instance are confirmed to be true.
The focuses in dispute in the second instance are as follows: 1. Do
Paktanle Company’s acts fall under the circumstance prescribed in
Paragraph 2 of Article 6 of the “Detailed Rules on Customs
Administrative Penalties”? 2. Is Paragraph 2 of Article 6 of the
“Detailed Rules on Customs Administrative Penalties” in conflict
with the amended Customs Law? 3. Shall the illegal proceeds include
the business operational expenses paid by the law-breaker for
committing the illegal acts?
Fujian Higher Court holds:
I. Whether Paktanle Company’s acts fall under the circumstance
prescribed in Paragraph 2 of Article 6 of the “Detailed Rules on
Customs Administrative Penalties” depends on whether its acts
meanwhile meet the two objective elements, namely, concealing the
truth, and facilitating the smuggler.
As for concealment of the truth, it is manifested in two
circumstances, i.e., making no report after knowing the truth, or on
the pretext of not knowing the truth, stalling the report of such
fact which he ought to know. To judge whether the doer ought to know
the fact requires deducing, on the basis of such factors as the
doer’s knowledge, intelligence, working capacity and professional
level, etc., whether he recognizes a certain fact subjectively. In a
general sense, to know the legal provisions of the relevant industry
is an indispensable capacity and a basic requirement of each market
subject taking part in economic activities when he carries out
business activities. In 1996, when Liao Mingde, Paktanle Company’s
employee, replied the legal inquires of Nas Borlan from Hong Kong
Paktank Asia-Pacific Company, he clearly expressed the legal
provisions by fax that the procedures for declaration to the customs
and those for tax payment should be fulfilled according to law
before the imported oil was unloaded to and warehoused in the
non-bonded oil depot. This showed that, as a large enterprise
specially engaged in oil warehousing services, Paktanle Company was
very clear about the legal provisions of China’s customs. In the
process of its specific work, Paktanle Company also followed these
legal provisions. For example, when the “Perla” oil tanker unloaded
and warehoused the imported oil before the “Hestra” oil tanker did
so, Paktanle Company refused to allow it to pass because Xiamen
Petroleum Company failed to provide corresponding customs documents.
After that, when the “Hestra” oil tanker unloaded and warehoused the
imported oil, Xiamen Customs’ functionary proposed, when dealing
with this matter, to allow its pass according to “summary procedure”
before the procedures were made up, but in the meanwhile it required
Xiamen Petroleum Company to, after making up the customs procedures,
serve the duplicate of the application letter and the customs’
approval document to Paktanle Company, which should be used as the
basis for Paktanle Company to provide unloading and warehousing
services. With respect to the oil unloaded and warehoused by the
“Hestra” oil tanker within the territory thereafter, Paktanle
Company again refused to allow its pass due to the problem with
customs procedures, and reiterated Xiamen Customs’ above
conciliation opinions in the faxes sent to Xiamen Petroleum Company,
clarifying for several times that the imported oil unloaded to its
oil depot should be duty-paid goods, and pointing out “oil product
entering China from abroad is not be allowed to pass until a written
approval has been got from Xiamen Customs”. These facts prove that,
Paktanle Company was aware that Xiamen Petroleum Company could not
show the customs’ approval document, the acts of unloading and
warehousing the imported oil for many times in its oil depot were
illegal, and Xiamen Customs’ conciliation opinions did not play a
misleading or defrauding role to Paktanle Company. However, Paktanle
Company merely expressed its refusal to provide warehousing service,
but actually provided all along warehousing service, for the oil
imported by Xiamen Petroleum Company through smuggling, and did not
tip it off to Xiamen Customs, which is a supervisory department.
Paktanle Company ignored the legal provisions of China, provided
warehousing conveniences on a long-term basis for the oil imported
without lawful procedures, and let the cause and development of
other’s illegal acts alone, hence it had subjective fault, which
concurrently met the two objective elements (i.e., concealing the
truth and facilitating the smuggler), and violated Paragraph 2 of
Article 6 of the “Detailed Rules for Implementation of Customs
Administrative Penalties”. Paktanle Company asserted in the appeal
that it had circularized the fact to the supervisory department, and
had got the clear consent from Xiamen Customs before unloading and
warehousing the oil in question and allowing it to passeach time.
However, such assertion is short of corresponding evidence, and
shall not be supported.
II. The forms of smuggling criminal activities prescribed in the
former Customs Law promulgated and coming into force on 1987 are not
detailed; particularly, there is no provision on how the smuggling
accomplices shall bear their liabilities, so some problems have
arisen in practice. In order to implement the provisions in the
former Customs Law on legal liabilities, the State Council approved
the formulation and amendment of the “Detailed Rules on Customs
Administrative Penalties” upon authorization of Article 60 of the
said Law. Paragraph 1 of Article 6 of the Detailed Rules prescribes:
“With regard to the smuggling act committed jointly by two or more
persons, the penalties shall be given separately on the basis of
different circumstances and liabilities.” Paragraph 2 prescribes:
“Where anyone conceals the truth and facilitates the smuggler, his
illegal proceeds shall be confiscated, and a fine of up to twice the
illegal proceeds may be imposed in addition.” This clause not only
mentioned joint smuggling for the first time, but also listed the
acts of “concealing the truth and facilitating the smuggler” as
joint smuggling for the first time. Article 156 of the “Criminal Law
of the People’s Republic of China” (hereinafter referred to as the
Criminal Law) amended on December 25, 1999 prescribes: “Whoever
colludes with criminals of smuggling and provides them with any
loan, fund, bank account, invoice or certificate or with such
conveniences as transportation, storage and mailing shall be deemed
an accomplice in the crime of smuggling and punished as such.” In
order to be consistent with the amended Criminal Law, Article 84 of
the amended Customs Law prescribes: “Whoever counterfeits, alters,
or trades in customs documents and certificates, colludes with
smugglers by providing any loan, capital, bank account, invoice,
certificate or any other customs document, or providing conveniences
of transport, custody, mailing, etc. shall be subject to criminal
liabilities if any crime is constituted. If the act is not serious
enough to constitute a crime, any illegal proceeds shall be
confiscated and a fine be imposed by the customs.” The term
“collusion” is often seen in the descriptions of accomplice in
criminal legislations. Since it is “collusion”, the premise must be
that the offender clearly knows the fact, or in other words, knows
the fact or ought to know it. In accordance with Article 84 of the
amended Customs Law, if the offender knows or ought to know that the
smuggler is carrying out smuggling activities, but still provides
the smuggler with conveniences of transport, custody, mailing, etc.,
the “collusion with the smuggler” is constituted, and the offender’s
criminal liabilities shall be taken into consideration before the
administrative penalties to be given in case no crime is
constituted. It is found after such comparison that Paragraph 2 of
Article 6 of the “Detailed Rules on Customs Administrative
Penalties” and Article 84 of the amended Customs Law are not in
conflict with each other, and in fact, the penalty prescribed in the
former is not so severe as that prescribed in the latter, hence the
former may apply to the present case.
III. China is a country with socialist legal system, so both the
illegal acts and the penalties upon lawbreakers shall be prescribed
in relevant laws and regulations, and the specific provisions of all
laws and regulations shall not necessarily be applied with reference
to each other. The “Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on
Some Issues concerning the Specific Application of Laws in the Trial
of Criminal Cases on Illegal publications” is the interpretation on
the issues on application of laws in the people’s courts’ trial of
criminal cases on illegal publications, and shall apply only when
the people’s courts are trying this kind of criminal cases. The
“Notice of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce on the
Issue of How to Calculate the Illegal Proceeds in the Cases of
Violating Laws or Rules by Speculation and Profiteering” shall only
apply when the administrative authority for industry and commerce is
dealing with cases on violations of laws or rules by speculation and
profiteering. Neither of the above said two documents had anything
to do with the illegal proceeds for ascertaining the smuggling case.
The reply letter of the Department of Policies, Laws and Regulations
of the General Administration of Customs is neither a law,
regulation or rule, nor an interpretation of the General
Administration of Customs for specific application of any law,
regulation or rule, but merely a viewpoint expressed by an
instrumentality of the General Administration of Customs on the
relevant legal issues, hence it shall not be regarded as the basis
for the trial of administrative cases according to law. Moreover, as
for whether the business operational expenses contributed by the
lawbreaker shall be deducted from the illegal proceeds, none of the
three documents has set a clear and uniform standard, hence they
have no value for reference. Paragraph 2 of Article 6 of the
“Detailed Rules on Customs Administrative Penalties” only prescribes
that he who conceals the truth and facilitates the smuggler shall be
subject to confiscation of illegal proceeds, but does not prescribe
that the lawbreaker’s business operational expenses shall be
deducted from illegal proceeds. Therefore, Paktanle Company’s
assertion that the foregoing three documents should be used as
reference for the trial of the present case, and that its business
operational expenses should be deducted from the illegal proceeds,
is short of legal basis, and the ground thereof can not be tenable.
To sum up, No. 028 administrative penalty decision made by Xiamen
Customs conforms to the legal provisions and is correct. In the
judgment of the first instance, the ascertainment of facts was
clear, the application of laws was correct, and the trial procedures
were lawful, hence it was appropriate to adjudicate to sustain No.
028 administrative penalty decision. Paktanle Company’s appellate
grounds were short of corresponding factual or legal basis, and
could not be tenable. Therefore, Fujian Higher Court adjudicated on
October 14, 2005 in accordance with Item (1) of Article 61 of the
Administrative Litigation Law:
The appeal shall be rejected and the judgment of the first instance
shall be sustained.
The CNY 284,903 of case acceptance fee in the second instance shall
be borne by Paktanle Company.
The present judgment shall be final. |
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