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泰丰大酒店有限公司诉大同市土地管理局土地使用权出让纠纷案 |
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泰丰大酒店有限公司诉大同市土地管理局土地使用权出让纠纷案
原告:山西泰丰大酒店有限公司。
法定代表人:孟宝云,董事长。
委托代理人:赵进荣,山西省大同市第三律师事务所律师。
被告:山西省大同市土地管理局。
法定代表人:母福祥,局长。
委托代理人:张士杰,山西省大同市土地管理局干部。
原告山西泰丰大酒店有限公司(以下简称泰丰公司)因与被告山西省大同市土地管理局(以下简称土地局)发生土地使用权出让纠纷,向山西省大同市中级人民法院提起诉讼。
原告诉称:被告单方面撕毁自愿与原告签订的《国有土地使用权出让合同》后,不仅不退还原告给付的定金,还将原告给付的土地使用权出让金也一并没收。虽经原告多次交涉,被告拒不退还。故诉请依法判令被告退还原告给付的土地使用权出让金2793131.05元,并赔偿占用此款期间的银行利息,或者依法判令被告继续履行土地使用权出让合同。
被告辩称:原告在支付了定金及部分土地使用权出让金后,其余款项虽经被告多次催促,一直未按约定履行,至今欠下违约金790余万元,给被告造成损失。为此被告根据合同的约定,决定解除合同,并决定根据《中华人民共和国城镇国有土地使用权出让和转让暂行条例》(以下简称出让转让暂行条例)第十四条和《山西省城镇国有土地使用权出让和转让实施办法》(以下简称山西省实施办法)第十一条的规定,对原告已经支付的定金及土地使用权出让金不予退还,以弥补原告给被告造成的损失。原告现在提起诉讼,已经超过诉讼时效,人民法院应当依法驳回其诉讼请求。
大同市中级人民法院经审理查明:1993年11月23日,原告泰丰公司(合同乙方)与被告土地局(合同甲方)依照出让转让暂行条例的规定,经协商一致自愿签订了《国有土地使用权出让合同》。合同约定:甲方将位于大同市城区鼓楼西北角面积为8939.77平方米的国有土地使用权,有偿出让给乙方用于商业建设使用40年,土地出让金为8045793元。合同签订后30日内,乙方先向甲方交付土地使用权出让金总额的15%(计1206868.95元)作为合同定金,60日内付清全部土地使用权出让金。乙方如逾期30日仍未付清全部土地使用权出让金,甲方有权解除合同,并可请求赔偿。乙方付清全部土地使用权出让金后的5日内,依照规定办理土地使用权登记手续,领取《中华人民共和国国有土地使用证》,取得土地使用权。
合同签订后,原告泰丰公司于1993年12月27日给付被告土地局400万元。其中,含合同定金1206868.95元,土地使用权出让金2793131.05元。泰丰公司还向土地局提出书面申请称,因资金周转困难和冬季无法施工,请求将未付的土地使用权出让金延缓至1994年4月1日付清。土地局同意了泰丰公司的申请,并于1993年12月28日给泰丰公司核发了加盖“大同市人民政府”和“大同市土地管理局”印章的8939.77平方米国有土地使用证。但是,泰丰公司并未于1994年4月1日付清尚欠的土地使用权出让金。后经土地局多次催促,泰丰公司仍未履行。1994年9月22日,土地局给泰丰公司发出书面通知,限其必须于9月30日以前履行全部付款义务,否则将按有关规定处理。泰丰公司接到书面通知后,曾经当面向土地局承诺9月底前履行全部义务,但是到期仍未履行。土地局遂依照出让转让暂行条例第十四条关于“土地使用者应当在签订土地使用权出让合同后六十日内,支付全部土地使用权出让金。逾期未全部支付的,出让方有权解除合同,并可请求违约赔偿”和山西省实施办法第十一条关于“受让方不履行合同的,出让方可以依法解除合同,所支付的定金及出让金不予退还”的规定,于1994年9月30日决定;解除1993年11月23日与泰丰公司签订的《国有土地使用权出让合同》,收回该合同约定范围内的土地使用权,所发土地使用证注销登记,泰丰公司已经支付的定金1206868.95元和土地使用权出让金2793131.05元不予退还。10月24日,泰丰公司收到解除合同的决定通知书后,曾与土地局多次协商,并于1996年3、4月间向大同市人民政府报告,请求给予解决,但均无结果,遂于1997年8月20日提起诉讼。
上述事实,有原、被告签订的国有土地使用权出让合同、付款凭证、国有土地使用证,解除合同通知书、泰丰公司给大同市人民政府的报告和当事人陈述笔录等证据在案。这些证据经过质证,可以作为认定事实的根据。
大同市中级人民法院认为:出让转让暂行条例第十一条规定:“土地使用权出让合同应当按照平等、自愿、有偿的原则,由市、县人民政府土地管理部门(以下简称出让方)与土地使用者签订。”由此可见,土地使用权出让合同的出让方与受让方之间,是平等的民事关系。被告土地局与原告泰丰公司签订的土地使用权出让合同,符合平等、自愿、等价有偿的原则,是有效的。《中华人民共和国民法通则》第八十九条规定,依照法律的规定或者按照当事人的约定,当事人可以采用保证、抵押、给付定金等方式来担保合同的履行。土地局与泰丰公司在土地使用权出让合同中约定,以土地使用权出让金总额的15%作为合同定金,该条款成立,应当对双方当事人发生法律效力。民法通则第八十九条第(三)项规定:“当事人一方在法律规定的范围内可以向对方给付定金。债务人履行债务后,定金应当抵作价款或者收回;给付定金的一方不履行债务的,无权要求返回定金;接受定金的一方不履行债务的,应当双倍返还定金。”泰丰公司在合同约定的期限内没有交清土地使用权出让金,是不履行合同债务的行为,无权要求返回定金。至于泰丰公司已交纳的部分土地使用权出让金,出让转让暂行条例并没有“不予退还”的规定,土地局没收这部分资金,于法无据。泰丰公司诉清土地局赔偿占用这部分资金期间的银行利息一节,因泰丰公司违约在先,故不予支持。土地局因泰丰公司的违约行为而依法不予退还的合同定金,既有惩罚泰丰公司违约行为的作用,也有弥补土地局损失的作用。土地局未能举证证明该局的损失已经超过收取的合同定金,其辩称不退还土地使用权出让金,是要以此款赔偿泰丰公司造成的损失,理由不能成立。土地局辩称泰丰公司的起诉已经超过诉讼时效一节,经查泰丰公司提供的证据表明,该公司在1996年3、4月间向大同市政府报送的报告中,已经主张过权利,应当认定时效中断。据此,大同市中级人民法院于1997年11月27日判决:
被告土地局在本判决生效后10日内,退还原告泰丰公司土地使用权出让金2793131.05元。
一审案件受理费35963元,由被告土地局负担。
第一审宣判后,被告土地局不服,向山西省高级人民法院提起上诉,请求改判。理由是:1、上诉人土地局与被上诉人泰丰公司签订的合同,完全按照出让转让暂行条例和山西省实施办法执行。泰丰公司交纳的土地使用权出让金2793131.05元,本局并没有没收,而是依照山西省实施办法第十一条的规定作不予退还处理。出让转让暂行条例第十四条虽然没有规定不予退还,但也没有规定应该退还。2、1994年10月24日泰丰公司接到上诉人的解除合同通知后,在近三年的时间里,始终只要求重新受让土地,并未主张过退还土地使用权出让金。这一主张是1997年8月起诉时才提出来的,已经远远超出民法通规定的诉讼时效。况且土地局在签订土地使用权出让合同一事上,与泰丰公司是平等的民事主体。泰丰公司应当向土地局或者人民法院主张自己的权利,其向别人去主张自己的权利,不能发生时效中断的效力。一审判决以“原告主张过权利”这一模糊的说法,来掩盖泰丰公司超过诉讼时效起诉的问题,是错误的。
山西省高级人民法院经审理认为,一审判决认定的事实清楚,证据确定、充分。出让转让暂行条例第十四条没有出让金不予退还的规定。该条例第五十三条规定:“本条例由国家土地管理局负责解释。”因此,山西省实施办法第十一条规定的“不予退还”,既未经行政法规授权,又与行政法规抵触,是无效的。国有土地使用权出让和受让方之间,是平等的民事主体,应当本着公平、等价有偿的原则相处。作为出让方的上诉人土地局没有退还收取的定金,已经是对受让方、被上诉人泰丰公司的违约行为进行了制裁。除此以外,泰丰公司没有对土地局造成其他损害,也没有从土地局获取到任何利益,土地局没有任何理由再继续占有泰丰公司交付的土地使用权出让金。土地局决定不退还泰丰公司交付的土地使用权出让金,理由不能成立。大同市人民政府是土地局的上级主管部门,土地局发给泰丰公司的“国有土地使用证”上,加盖着
“大同市人民政府”印章。泰丰公司与土地局发生纠纷后,请求大同市人民政府给予解决,与直接向土地局主张权利具有同等效力。请求重新受让土地与请求退还已付出的土地出让金,二者是非此即彼的关系。泰丰公司主张自己的权利时只能二者必居其一,不可能同时提出这两项请求。因此,泰丰公司只主张重新受让土地,不等于自愿放弃请求退还土地出让金的权利:一旦重新受让土地的请求不能满足时,则退还土地使用权出让金就成为其必然请求。土地局认为泰丰公司起诉时才提出退还土地使用权金的请求,已经超过诉讼时效,理由不能成立。一审判决适用法律准确,程序合法。据此,山西省高级人民法院依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第一百五十三条第一款第(三)项的规定,于1999年7月28日判决:
驳回上诉,维持原判。
上诉费35963元,由上诉人土地局负担。 |
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Taifeng Hotel Co., Ltd. v. the Land
Administrative Bureau of Datong City
(Case of Dispute over the Assignment of Land Use Right)
Plaintiff: Shanxi Taifeng Hotel Co., Ltd.
Legal Representative: Meng Baoyun, chairman of the board of
directors of this company.
Authorized Agent: Zhao Jinrong, attorney-at-law of the 3rd Law Firm
of Datong City, Shanxi Province.
Defendant: the Land Administrative Bureau of Datong City.
Legal Representative: Mu Fuxiang, director of this bureau.
Authorized Agent: Zhang Shijie, cadre of this bureau.
Shanxi Taifeng Hotel Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Taifeng
Company) lodged a lawsuit before the Intermediate People’s Court of
Datong City, Shanxi Province against the Land Administrative Bureau
of Datong City (hereinafter referred to as Datong Land
Administration) for the dispute over the assignment of land use
right.
Taifeng Company complained that: After Datong Land Administration
unilaterally rescinded the Contract on the Assignment of State-owned
Land Use Right concluded with Taifeng Company under their own wills,
it not only failed to refund the earnest money to Taifeng Company
but also confiscated the fees for the assignment of land use right.
After several negotiations of Taifeng Company, Datong Land
Administration still refused to refund the money, therefore, Taifeng
Company pleaded with the court to order Datong Land Administration
to refund the 2,793,131.05 yuan of the fees for the assignment of
land use right to Taifeng Company and compensate the bank interests
for the period while the said funds were occupied, or order Datong
Land Administration to continuously perform the contract on the
assignment of land use right.
Datong Land Administration defended that: after Taifeng Company paid
the earnest money and part of the fees for the assignment of land
use right, it failed to pay the remaining funds after Datong Land
Administration urged the payment for several times and it had owed
more than 7.9 million yuan of the fines for breach of contract up to
the present, and which caused losses to Datong Land Administration.
Thus, Datong Land Administration decided to rescind the contract
according to the stipulations in the contract and decided not to
refund the earnest money and the fees for the assignment of land use
right as paid by Taifeng Company according to Article 14 of the
Interim Regulation of the People’s Republic of China on the
Assignment and Transfer of State-owned Land Use Right in Urban Areas
(hereinafter referred to as the Interim Regulation) and Article 11
of the Measures of Shanxi Province for the Implementation of the
Assignment and Transfer of State-owned Land Use Right in Urban Areas
(hereinafter referred to as the Implementation Measures of Shanxi
Province), so as to compensate for the losses Taifeng Company
brought about to Datong Land Administration. Taifeng Company now
lodged this lawsuit, which was in excess of the limitation of
action, so the people’s court should reject the claims of Taifeng
Company according to law.
Upon trial, the Intermediate People’s Court of Datong City found
that: On November 23, 1993, Taifeng Company and Datong Land
Administration concluded the Contract on the Assignment of
State-owned Land Use Right upon consultation and under their own
wills according to the aforesaid Interim Regulation, which
stipulated that: Datong Land Administration should assign the right
to use the 8,939.77 square meters of State-owned land located at the
northwestern Gulou of Datong City to Taifeng Company for commercial
construction for a term of 40 years with the 8,045,793 yuan of land
assignment fees; and within 30 days upon conclusion of the contract,
Taifeng Company should pay 15% of the total amount of the fees for
the assignment of land use right (which was 1,206,868.95 yuan) as
the earnest money, and should pay off all the fees for the
assignment of land use right within 60 days; and if Taifeng Company
still failed to pay off all the fees for the assignment of land use
right within 30 days after the time limit, Datong Land
Administration had the right to rescind the contract and could ask
for compensations; and after Taifeng Company paid off all the fees
for the assignment of land use right, it should, within 5 days, go
through the registration formalities for the land use right, obtain
the State-owned Land Use Certificate of the People’s Republic of
China and obtain the land use right.
After the said contract was concluded, Taifeng Company gave 4
million yuan to Datong Land Administration on December 27, 1993,
which included the 1,206,868.95 yuan of earnest money and the
remaining 2,793,131.05 yuan of the fees for the assignment of land
use right. In addition, Taifeng Company had applied in written form
to Datong Land Administration for postponing the payment of the fees
for the assignment of land use right to April 1, 1994 because it had
capital difficulty and the construction could not be carried out in
winter. Datong Land Administration consented to the said application
of Taifeng Company, and issued upon verification the use certificate
for the 8,939.77 square meters of State-owned land affixed with the
seals of “the People’s Government of Datong City” and “the Land
Administrative Bureau of Datong City” on December 28, 1993. However,
Taifeng Company still failed to pay off the defaulted fees for the
assignment of land use right up to April 1, 1994. After Datong Land
Administration had urged the payment for several times, Taifeng
Company still failed to make payments. On September 22, 1994, Datong
Land Administration sent out a written notice to Taifeng Company and
urged it to pay off all the money before September 30, otherwise,
Datong Land Administration would dispose it according to the
relevant provisions. Upon receipt of the said written notice,
Taifeng Company had ever promised to pay off all the fees before the
end of September, but failed to do so upon expiration. Therefore,
Datong Land Administration decided on September 30, 1994 according
to the provisions that “the land user shall, within 60 days upon
conclusion of the contract for the assignment of land use right, pay
all the fees for the assignment of land use right, otherwise, the
transferor shall have the right to rescind the contract and may
claim compensations for the breach of contract” as prescribed in
Article 14 of the Interim Regulation and the provisions that “if the
transferee fails to perform the contract, the transferor can rescind
the contract according to law, and the earnest money and the fees
for assignment may not be refunded” as prescribed in Article 11 of
the Implementation Measures of Shanxi Province to rescind the
Contract on the Assignment of State-owned Land Use Right concluded
with Taifeng Company on November 23, 1993, take back the land use
right as stipulated in the contract, revoke the registration of the
issued land use certificate and not to refund the 1,206,868.95 yuan
of earnest money and the 2,793,131.05 yuan of the fees for the
assignment of land use right. After Taifeng Company received the
notice on the decision to rescind the contract on October 24, it had
ever consulted with Datong Land Administration for several times,
and reported it to the Datong People’s Government in March and April
of 1996 for solution, however, the problem still had not been
solved, thus, Taifeng Company lodged a lawsuit on August 20, 1997.
The aforesaid facts were supported by the Contract on the Assignment
of State-owned Land Use Right concluded by both parties, payment
vouchers, the state-owned land use certificate, notice on rescinding
the contract, the report of Taifeng Company to Datong People’s
Government as well as the transcripts on the statements of the
parties concerned, etc. These items of evidence were cross-examined
and could be the basis for affirming the facts.
The Intermediate People’s Court of Datong City held that: Article 11
of the Interim Regulation prescribes that: “A contract on the
assignment of land use right shall be signed between the land
administrative department under the people’s government at the level
of city or county (hereinafter referred to as “the transferor”) and
the land user in accordance with the principles of equality,
voluntariness and equivalent compensation.” So the relation between
the transferor and the transferee to the contract on the assignment
of land use right was equal civil relation. The contract on the
assignment of land use right concluded between Datong Land
Administration and Taifeng Company conformed to the principles of
equality, voluntariness and equivalent compensation, so it was
valid. Article 89 of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the
People’s Republic of China prescribes that: the parties concerned
can secure the performance of a contract by the method of guarantee,
mortgage or earnest money according to the laws or the stipulations
between the parties concerned. Datong Land Administration and
Taifeng Company stipulated in the contract on the assignment of land
use right to take 15% of the total amount of the fees for the
assignment of land use right as the earnest money of the contract,
and this stipulation should be established and binding to both
parties. Item (3) of Article 89 of the General Principles of the
Civil Law prescribes that: “Within the limits of relevant legal
provisions, one party may give the earnest money to the other party.
After the debtor has discharged the debts, the earnest money shall
either be retained as partial payment or be returned. If the party
who gives the earnest money defaults, it shall not be entitled to
demand the return of the earnest money; and if the party who accepts
the earnest money defaults, it shall repay the earnest money in
double.” Taifeng Company failed to pay off the fees for the
assignment of land use right within the term as stipulated in the
contract, which showed that it failed to perform the contract and
thus had no right to demand the return of the earnest money. As to
the part of the fees for the assignment of land use right as paid by
Taifeng Company, the Interim Regulation does not prescribe that they
“may not be returned”, so Datong Land Administration was not based
on the legal provisions for its confiscation of such fees. As to the
claim of Taifeng Company for compensating for the bank interests for
the period when Datong Land Administration occupied the said fees,
since Taifeng Company broke the contract at first, so this claim
should not be supported. Datong Land Administration did not refund
the earnest money for the contract due to the default of Taifeng
Company, which not only could punish the default of Taifeng Company
but also could compensate for the losses of Datong Land
Administration. Datong Land Administration failed to produce
evidence to prove that its losses had exceeded the earnest money as
collected but defended that the non-refunding of the fees for the
assignment of land use right was to compensate for the losses
brought about by Taifeng Company, which could not be established. As
to the defense of Datong Land Administration that the accusation of
Taifeng Company had not been filed within the limitation of action,
the evidence submitted by Taifeng Company showed that it had
advocated its rights in the report to Datong City Government during
March and April of 1996, it should be affirmed as the discontinuity
of the limitation of action. Therefore, the Intermediate People’s
Court of Datong City adjudicated on November 27, 1997 as follows:
Datong Land Administration should, within 10 days after the
effectiveness of this judgment, refund the 2,793,131.05 yuan of the
fees for the assignment of land use right to Taifeng Company.
The 35,963 yuan of case acceptance fees for the first instance
should be borne by Datong Land Administration.
After the judgment of the first instance was announced, Datong Land
Administration was not satisfied with the judgment and filed an
appeal to the Higher People’s Court of Shanxi Province and pleaded
for overruling the original judgment for the reasons that: 1. The
contract concluded between Datong Land Administration and Taifeng
Company was implemented according to the Interim Regulation and the
Implementation Measures of Shanxi Province. Datong Land
Administration did not confiscate the 2,793,131.05 yuan of the fees
for the assignment of land use right as paid by Taifeng Company but
just did not refund it according to Article 11 of the Implementation
Measures of Shanxi Province. Although Article 14 of the Interim
Regulation does not prescribe the non-refunding, nor does it
prescribe that the said fees should be refunded. 2. After Taifeng
Company received the notice on rescinding the contract sent by
Datong Land Administration on October 24, 1994, it only requested
the assignment of the land again with the nearest three years and
had not required for refunding the fees for the assignment of land
use right. Such a request was put forward when it lodged this case
in August 1997, which was in far excess of the limitation of action
as prescribed in the General Principles of the Civil Law. Moreover,
Taifeng Company was an equal civil subject with Datong Land
Administration when they concluded the contract, so Taifeng Company
should advocate its rights to Datong Land Administration or the
people’s court, however, it advocated its rights to any other, which
could not cause the discontinuity of the limitation of action. The
judgment of the first instance was wrong by concealing the excess of
the limitation of action by the unclear statements that “Taifeng
Company had ever advocated its rights”.
Upon trial, the Higher People’s Court of Shanxi Province held that:
the facts were clearly ascertained and the items of evidence were
truthful and sufficient in the judgment of the first instance.
Article 14 of the Interim Regulation did not prescribe that the
assignment fees may not be refunded. Article 53 of this Regulation
prescribes that: “The power to interpret this Regulation shall
remain with the State Land Administration.” Thus, Article 11 of the
Implementation Measures of Shanxi Province was invalid since it
prescribes the “non-refunding” under the circumstance that it had
not been empowered by the administrative laws and the said
prescription was conflicting with the administrative laws. The
transferor and the transferee of the State-owned land use right were
equal civil subjects, and their relationship should be handled
according to the principles of fairness and equivalent compensation.
Datong Land Administration, as the transferor, did not refund the
earnest money it had collected, which was already a punishment to
the breach of contract of Taifeng Company. Except that, Taifeng
Company did not cause any other harm to Datong Land Administration,
and also had not obtained any interest from it, so Datong Land
Administration had no reason to continuously occupy the part of fees
for the assignment of land use right as paid by Taifeng Company. The
reasons for Datong Land Administration’s not refunding the fees for
the assignment of land use right as paid by Taifeng Company could
not be established. The People’s Government of Datong City was the
superior competent department of Datong Land Administration, and the
seal of the People’s Government of Datong City was also affixed on
the “State-owned land use certificate” Datong Land Administration
issued to Taifeng Company. After the dispute between Taifeng Company
and Datong Land Administration occurred, Taifeng Company requested
the People’s Government of Datong City for the solution, which had
the same force as the request to Datong Land Administration. The
request for the assignment of the land again and the request for the
refunding of the fees for the assignment of land use right as paid
were the relationship of either-or, and when Taifeng Company
advocated its rights, it could only choose one way, and could not
put forward these two requests at the same time. Therefore, when
Taifeng Company only claimed the assignment of the land again, it
was not its willingness to give up the right to request the
refunding of the fees for the assignment of land use right; once the
request for another assignment of the land could not be satisfied,
the request for refunding the fees for the assignment of land use
right became necessary. The reasons for Datong Land Administration
to deem that Taifeng Company had exceeded the limitation of action
since it put forward the request for refunding the fees for the
assignment of land use right when it lodged this lawsuit could not
be established. The laws were correctly applied and the procedures
were lawful in the judgment of the first instance. Based thereon,
the Higher People’s Court of Shanxi Province adjudicated on July 28,
1999 as follows according to Item (3) of Paragraph 1 of Article 153
of the Civil Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China:
The appeal should be rejected, and the original judgment should be
affirmed.
The 35,963 yuan of the fees for appeal should be borne by Datong
Land Administration. |
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