【Title】Opinions (I) of the Supreme People's Court on the Application of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China
【Document No.】
【Promulgation Date】1992-07-14
【Effective Date】1992-07-14
【Repealed Date】
【Promulgation Body】The Supreme People's Court
【Status】
【Status Description】
　

【Full Text】
 
Opinions (I) of the Supreme People's Court on the Application of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China
  
  　  
　

We put forward the following opinion according to the regulations of the Civil Procedure Law and the practical judicial experience for all levels of people's court to execute in the judicial work in order to apply the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Civil Procedure Law) correctly.  

I. Jurisdiction
1. The major case concerning foreign interests stipulated in Paragraph 1 Article 19 of the Civil Procedure Law refers to the case concerning foreign interests with a huge amount of the disputed subject, or with intricate facts of a case or involving numerous litigants inhabiting at abroad. 
2. The patent controversy is controlled over by the intermediate people's court determined by the Supreme People's Court.  The maritime case and maritime trade case are controlled over by the maritime court. 
3. The superior people's courts in all provinces, autonomous regions and the municipalities directly under the Central Government may go on the regulations of Paragraph 2 Article 19 and Article 20 of the Civil Procedure Law to file the opinion upon the grading jurisdiction of the case of first instance within the areas under their own jurisdiction to submit to the Supreme People's Court for approval according to the situation of the actual facts of case, amount of the object of action and the local influence with combination of the local realities. 
4. The place of domicile of the citizen refers to the place of registered permanent residence of the citizen; the place of domicile of the artificial person refers to the principal place of business of the artificial person or the place where the principal business office is situated. 
5. The habitual residence of the citizen refers to the place inhabited by the citizen for above one year after he leaves his place of domicile till the lawsuit except for the place for the citizen's hospitalization. 
6. One party of the defendants being written off his permanent residence in city or town shall be controlled over according to the regulation of Article 23 of the Civil Procedure Law.  Both parties of the defendants being written off their permanent residences in cities and towns shall be controlled over by the people's court in their place of abode. 
7. The litigant not settling to another place after changing the household and with habitual residence shall be controlled over by the people's court in his habitual residence.  The litigant whose household register changed for less than one year without habitual residence shall be controlled over by the people's court in his former place of domicile.  The litigant whose household register changed for more than one year without habitual residence shall be controlled over by the people's court in his place of abode.
8. The litigants of both parties having been put into jail or having served reform-through-labor shall be controlled over by the people's court in his former place of domicile.  The defendant having been put into jail or having served reform-through-labor for more than one year shall be controlled over by the people's court of the locality of the jail or the locality of the organization for reeducation-through-labor. 
9. The case for recovery of maintenance expenses whose several defendants of not inhabiting in the same area of jurisdiction may be controlled over by the people's court in the place of domicile of the plaintiff. 
10. The case in which the litigant refusing to comply with the named guardianship or case on alteration of guardianship shall be controlled over by the people's court in the place of domicile of the person under guardianship. 
11. The divorce action filed by the non-serviceman against the serviceman shall be controlled over by the people's court in the place of domicile of the plaintiff if the serviceman is not a civil serviceman. 
The divorce action involving servicemen of both parties shall be controlled over by the people's court in the place of domicile of the defendant or the unit above the level of regiment of the defendant. 
12. The divorce case in which one party leaves the place of domicile for more than one year and the other party files a lawsuit for divorce shall be controlled over by the people's court in the place of domicile of the plaintiff.  The divorce case in which the couple leaves the place of domicile for more than one year shall be controlled over by people's court in the habitual residence of the defendant.  The divorce case in which the couple has no habitual residence shall be controlled over by people's court in the place of abode of the plaintiff in the date of prosecution. 
13. In the event that the court in the nation of residence for the overseas Chinese who marries at home and inhabits at abroad refuses to accept the divorce action in the excuse that the divorce action shall be controlled over by the court in the place where a marriage is registered and that the litigants file the divorce action with the people's court, then the divorce case shall be controlled over by people's court in the place where a marriage is registered or the domestic people's court in the final residence of one party. 
14. In the event that the court in the nation of residence for the overseas Chinese who marries at home and inhabits at abroad refuses to accept the divorce action in the excuse that the divorce action shall be controlled over by the court in the state of nationality and that the litigants file the divorce action with the people's court, then the divorce case shall be controlled over by people's court in the original place of domicile or the final domestic residence of one party. 
15. The people's court in the place of domicile of the party inhabiting at home may control over the divorce action in which one party of Chinese citizens is living at broad and the other party is living at home.  In the event that the party living at broad files an action with the court of the state of residence and the party living at home files an action with the people's court, then the people's court that accepts the case is entitled to control over the divorce case.
16. The divorce action in which both parties of Chinese citizens are at abroad but not settling down at abroad and one party files an action with the people's court shall be controlled over by people's court in the original place of domicile of the plaintiff or the defendant. 
17.  The lawsuit filed by the partnership joint venture formed by the citizens without any administrative body shall be controlled over by people's court of the place of registration of the defendant.  The lawsuit in which the joint venture has no place of registration and several defendants are not in the same area of jurisdiction may be controlled over by people's courts of the defendants' places of domicile. 
18. The lawsuit upon the contractual dispute shall be controlled over by people's court in the place of domicile of the defendant in the event that the contract has not been implemented actually and the places of domicile for both parties are not in the place of performance of the contract agreed in the contract. 
19. The place of delivery agreed by both parties of the sales agreement shall be deemed as the loci solutionis.  In the event that both parties have not agreed on the place of delivery, then the loci solutionis may be determined as per the delivery term.  The place for delivery of goods shall be deemed as the loci solutionis in the means of goods delivery.  The place where delivery of goods is taken shall be deemed as the loci solutionis in the means of self-picking up the goods.  The place where the goods are dispatched shall be deemed as the loci solutionis in the means of goods delivery of the agency for consignment for shipment or in the delivery term of the timber and coal. 
The actual loci solutionis for the sales agreement shall be deemed as the loci solutionis if there is discrepancy between the actual loci solutionis for the sales agreement and the place of delivery agreed in the contract.
20. The place of actual processing for the processing contract shall be deemed as the loci solutionis except for otherwise agreed in the contract.
21. The use place of the leased articles in the property leasing contract and the contract for financial leasing shall be deemed as the loci solutionis except for otherwise agreed in the contract. 
22. The principal place for performance of obligation of the party accepting the investment involved in the contract for compensation trade shall be deemed as the loci solutionis. 
23. The agreement in the written contract stipulated in Article 25 of the Civil Procedural Law refers to clause of agreement on election of forum or the agreement on the jurisdiction selection achieved by both parties before the lawsuit. 
24. The jurisdiction in case of the ambiguous agreement on the jurisdiction selected by both parties of the contract or more than two people's courts are stipulated for the jurisdiction in Article 25 of the Civil Procedural Law with void agreement on the election of forum shall be determined according to the regulations of Article 24 of the Civil Procedural Law.  
25. The lawsuit over the insurance contract dispute shall be controlled over by people's court in the place of domicile of the plaintiffs or the register place of the means of transport, the shipping destination and the occurring spot of insured event in case the subject matter insured cover the means of transport or the goods under transportation. 
26. The place of payment on commercial instrument stipulated in Article 27 of the Civil Procedural Law refers to the place of disbursement stated in the commercial instrument.  The place of domicile or business location of the drawee including the payer by proxy shall be deemed as the place of payment on commercial instrument if the commercial instrument has not stated the place of disbursement. 
27. The creditor's application for pay warrant applicable for Article 22 of the Civil Procedural Law shall be controlled over by the basic-level people's court in the place of domicile of the debtor.
28. The place of a tortious act stipulated in Article 29 of the Civil Procedural Law covers the enforcing place of the tortious act and the occurring place of the tortious consequence.  
29. The people's courts in the product manufacturing place, the marketing place of products, place of a tortious act and the place of domicile of the defendant are all entitled to control over the lawsuit filed for causing other's properties and personal injury due to the unqualified products. 
30. The tortious dispute relating to the rail transport contract and rail transport shall be controlled over by the railroad transportation court. 
31. The litigant shall apply to the people's court in the place where the property is situated for the property preservation before the institution of an action.
After the people's court has adopted property preservation before the institution of an action, the litigant may file an action to the people's court adopting the property preservation before the institution of an action or other people's court with jurisdiction. 
32. The litigant fails to file an action within the statutory period after the application for the property preservation before the institution of an action, which causes the property loss to the party against whom an application is filed, then this lawsuit shall be controlled over by the people's court adopting the attachment of property preservation before the institution of an action. 
33. Once there are not less than two people's courts having jurisdiction over the action, the people's court first placing it into file shall not transfer the case to the other people's court with jurisdiction.  The people's court shall not repeat to put the case into file if discovering other people's court with jurisdiction has put it into file prior to it.  In case of discovering other people's court with jurisdiction has put it into file prior to it, the people's court shall rule to transfer the case to the people's court, which has put it into file prior to it. 
34. After accepting the case, the jurisdiction of the court accepting the case shall not be affected by the alteration of the place of domiciles and habitual residences of the litigants. 
35. After accepting the case, the people's court with jurisdiction shall not transfer the case to the other people's court with jurisdiction in the excuse of the alteration of the administrative areas.  The appealed case after judgment and the case reviewed as per the procedure for trial supervision shall be handled by the higher people's court of the people's court of first trial.  The case remanded by the people's court of second instance for retrial or the case ordered by the higher people's court for retrial shall be reheard or retried by the people's court of first trial.
36. As per the regulations of Paragraph 2 Article 37 of the Civil Procedure Law, when two people's court in dispute over jurisdiction submit to their common higher people court for designating the jurisdiction after failing in discussion, the intermediate of the prefecture or municipality shall designate the jurisdiction in case both courts are the basic-level people's court in the same prefecture or municipality.  The superior people's court in the same province, autonomous region or the municipality directly under the Central Government shall designate the jurisdiction in case both courts are in the same province, autonomous region or the municipality directly under the Central Government.  In the event that both courts are the people's courts in different provinces, autonomous regions or the municipalities directly under the Central Government and the superior people's courts of the two provinces, autonomous regions or the municipalities directly under the Central Governments fail in discussion the matter, then the Supreme People's Court shall designate the jurisdiction in time. 
The application for submitting the higher people's court for jurisdiction designation as per the above-said regulations shall be done from lower people's court to the highest people's court.  
37. The higher people's court for jurisdiction designation as per Article 37 of the Civil Procedure Law shall inform in writing the people's court filing the application and the people's court designated.  After receiving the notice, the people's court filing the application shall inform the litigants in time. 

II. Participants in civil proceedings
38. The chief in charge of the body corporate is the legal representative of the body corporate.  The body corporate without the chief in charge shall appoint the vice-chief in charge to act as the legal representative.  The chairman of board for the body corporate with the board of directors shall act as the legal representative.  The director in charge appointed by the board of directors of the body corporate without the chairman of board shall act as the legal representative of the board of directors. 
The chief directors of the other organization without the corporate capacity shall act as the legal representatives
39. The lawsuit filed by the original legal representative will take effect only after the people's court has presented the identity papers of the new legal representative. 
The provision of this article is applicable for the lawsuits participated by other organizations.
40. Other organizations stipulated in Article 49 of the Civil Procedure Law refers to the organizations legally incorporated with the organic institutes and properties without the corporate capacity including the following organizations:
(1) The sole proprietorship enterprises and partnership organizations lawfully registered with the business licenses;
(2) The partnership associations lawfully registered with the business licenses;
(3) Sino-foreign cooperative joint ventures and foreign-funded enterprises lawfully registered with the business licenses in this country;
(4) The social organizations having received the certificates of registration of social organizations approved by the departments of civil affairs;
(5) The subsidiaries set up by the body corporate and having received the business licenses;
(6) The subsidiaries set up by the People's Bank of China and all professional banks;
(7) The subsidiaries set up by the People's Insurance Company of China all over the country;
(8) The township enterprises, neighborhood enterprises and village-run enterprises approved to register for the business licenses;
(9) Other organizations in line with the requirements stipulated in this Article. 
41. The artificial persons for the subsidiaries set up by the body corporate illegally or set up legally without drawing business licenses shall be deemed as the litigants for the subsidiaries;
42. The body corporate or the other organizations shall be deemed as the litigants for the lawsuit filed by their working staff for the duty acts or act of authorizing. 
43. In the lawsuits for the individual business, personal partnership or privately-owned enterprises relying on the collective enterprises and engaging in the productive and operating activities, the individual business, personal partnership, privately-owned enterprises and the collective enterprises on which they reply shall be deemed as the coparties. 
44. The people's court shall rule to suspend the lawsuit in which one litigant dies with heir.  The people's court shall inform the heir timely to act as the litigant for the lawsuit and the judicial act proceeded by the ancestor is effective to his heir carrying on the lawsuit.
45. The individual businesses, households under contracted management in the country and the organizations in partnership shall act as the litigants when their working staff cause any detriment to others in the productive and operating activities stipulated by the employment contracts.
46. In the judicial lawsuit, the employers registered on the business licenses for the individual businesses shall act as the litigants.  If the individual businesses have the shop names, the registered names shall be stated in the legal papers. 
In case the discrepancy of the employers registered on the business licenses and the real business operators, then the employers registered on the business licenses and the real business operators shall act as coparties.
47. All partners in the individual partnership organizations shall be deemed as the coparties.  If the organizations in partnership have the shop names registered according to law, the registered names shall be stated in the legal papers.  All partners may elect their representatives who shall be presented with paper of election by all partners. 
48. If the litigant over the dispute refusing to comply with the arbitration of the arbitral agency or the mediation of the people's mediation commission and filing an action with the people's court, then the opposing party shall be deemed as the defendant. 
49. The personnel held direct responsibility of the body corporate or other organizations conducting civil activities in names of the body corporate or other organizations shall register but fail to, or other people conducting civil activities in names of the body corporate or other organizations, or the body corporate or other organizations conducting civil activities in names of the body corporate or other organizations after having been terminated according to law shall be deemed as the litigants.
50. In the dispute resulting from the civil activities before the amalgamation of the merged business entities, the merged entities shall be deemed as the litigants.  In the dispute resulting from the civil activities before the split of the split business entities, the split entities shall be deemed as the litigants.
51. The business entities being rescinded without liquidation but with liquidating organizations, the liquidating organizations shall be deemed as the litigants.  The business entities being rescinded without liquidating organizations, the organizations making the decision of the rescinding shall deemed as the litigants.
52. The lending units and borrower of the business letters of introduction, special seal for contractual uses, the blank written contract stamped or the bank accounts shall be deemed as the coparties.
53. For the lawsuit of the dispute over the contract of guaranty in which the creditor claims for rights to the surety and the warrantee, the people's court shall list the surety and the warrantee as the codefendants.  In case the creditor claims for rights only to the surety, the people's court shall ask the surety to bear the joint and several liabilities agreed by the contract of guaranty and inform the warrantee to participate in the lawsuit as the codefendant.  In case the creditor claims for rights only to the warrantee, the people's court shall only deem the warrantee as the defendant. 
54. The people's court shall inform other heirs to participate in the lawsuit as the plaintiffs in the lawsuit for the heritage inheritance in which only a part of the heirs file the lawsuit.  The people's court shall deem the informed heirs as the coplaintiffs who are reluctant to participate in the lawsuit and do not expressively renounce their substantive rights. 
55. The principal and the proxy bearing the joint and several liabilities shall be deemed as the colitigators. 
56. Other co-owners for the community properties infringed shall be deemed as the colitigators when only some co-owners file the lawsuit.
57. According to the provisions of Article 119 of the Civil Procedure Law, the people's court shall inform the litigants to participate in the lawsuit who shall but does not and the litigants may also apply to the people's court for supplementation.  The people's court shall examine the litigants' application and deny the unreasonable application and for the reasonable application, inform the supplemented litigants to participate in the lawsuit in writing.
58. The people's court shall inform other litigants upon supplementing the litigants as the colitigators.  The people's court may not supplement the plaintiffs who expressively renounce their substantive rights and supplement those reluctant to participate in the lawsuit and not renouncing their substantive rights as the coplaintiffs whose not participation will not affect the people's court's handling and judgment of the case according to law.
59. One party with numerous litigants stipulated by Article 54 and Article 55 of the Civil Procedure Law generally refers to more than ten people.
60. All litigants of one party with numerous litigants may elect a common representative for the appeal and some of the litigants of such party may elect their own representatives according to Article 54 of the Civil Procedure Law.  The litigants failing in election may participate in the lawsuit themselves in the necessary colitigation and may appeal respectively in the ordinary colitigation. 
61. The litigants of one party with numerous litigants stipulated shall elect the representative for the appeal according to Article 55 of the Civil Procedure Law.  If failing in election, the people's court may nominate the candidate and discuss with the litigant, if failing in discussion, the people's court may appoint the representative from the litigants of appeal. 
62. The representatives shall be two to five people as stipulated by Article 54 and Article 55 of the Civil Procedure Law, and each of them may authorize one or two people as the process attorneys. 
63. The people's court may issue announcement to inform the obligees involved in the cases accepted as per the provisions of Article 55 of the Civil Procedure Law to register in the people's court.  The duration of publication may be determined as per the specific cases, less than thirty days at least.
　

64. The litigants registering in the people's court in accordance with the provisions of Article 55 of the Civil Procedure Law shall testify their legal relations with the opposing party and the detriment suffered.  If failing in testifying, the litigants shall not be allowed to register and the litigants may file another appeals.  The adjudication of the people's court shall be executed within the scope of the registered subject matter.  The rights owners not participating in the registration proceedings within the period of the limitation of time but the people's court takes cognizance of the application, the ruling for such application shall be applicable to the court verdict and ruling having been made by the people's court. 
65. A third party with independent right to petition is entitled to institute a proceeding, state the facts and grounds as one of the litigants in accordance with the provisions of Article 56 of the Civil Procedure Law.  A third party without independent right to petition may apply or be asked by the people's court to participate in the lawsuit. 
66. In an action, the third person without independent right to petition still has the rights and obligations of those of any litigant and any the third person without independent right to petition and has to bear the civil consequence of a judgment is entitled to appeal.  However such third person has no right to object to the jurisdiction of the case in the first instance and has not right to abandon and change his claim or apply to withdraw his appeal. 
67. During a lawsuit, the guardian for the person of no capacity for civil conduct or the person with limited civil capacity is his legal guardian.  The personnel with qualifications of guardianship may determine by negotiations the guardian for such person who had no guardian before.  In case of failing in negotiations, the people's court shall designate one of them as the legal guardian in the lawsuit.  The people's court may designate the organization concerned stipulated in Paragraph 4 Article 16 or Paragraph 3 Article 17 of the Civil Procedure Law as the legal guardian during the lawsuit of the such litigant without guardian stipulated in Paragraph 1 and 2 Article 16 or Paragraph 1 Article 17 of the Civil Procedure Law. 
68. In addition to the attorney, kinsfolk of the litigant, the relative social group and the personnel recommended by the employing unit of the litigant, and the litigant may also authorize other citizens as his lawful guardian.   Nevertheless, the person of no capacity for civil conduct, the person with limited civil capacity or the person who may impair the interests of the principal and the person deemed by the people's court to be unsuitable for acting as the lawful guardian shall not be appointed as the lawful guardian. 
69. The litigant shall submit the power of attorney to the people's court before the trial.  The lawful guardian is not entitled to take cognizance, abandon and change the claim, to reconcile, proceed with a counterclaim or appeal for the litigant if the power of attorney only states "general power of attorney" without any detailed authorization.
 
【法规标题】最高人民法院《关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉若干问题的意见》(附英文)(一)
【发文字号】法发(1992)22号
【颁布日期】1992-07-14
【实施日期】1992-07-14
【失效日期】
【颁布单位】最高人民法院
【时效性】
【时效性说明】
　

【全文】
 
最高人民法院《关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉若干问题的意见》(附英文)(一)
 
  　  
　


    为了正确适用《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》（以下简称民事诉讼法），根据民事诉讼法的规定和审判实践经验，我们提出以下意见，供各级人民法院在审判工作中执行。
一、管  辖
    １、民事诉讼法第十九条第（一）项规定的重大涉外案件，是指争议标的额大，或者案情复杂，或者居住在国外的当事人人数众多的涉外案件。
    ２、专利纠纷案件由最高人民法院确定的中级人民法院管辖。
    海事、海商案件由海事法院管辖。
    ３、各省、自治区、直辖市高级人民法院可以依照民事诉讼法第十九条第（二）项、第二十条的规定，从本地实际情况出发，根据案情繁简、诉讼标的金额大小、在当地的影响等情况，对本辖区内一审案件的级别管辖提出意见，报最高人民法院批准。
    ４、公民的住所地是指公民的户籍所在地；法人的住所地是指法人的主要营业地或者主要办事机构所在地。
    ５、公民的经常居住地是指公民离开住所地至起诉时已连续居住一年以上的地方。但公民住院就医的地方除外。
    ６、被告一方被注销城镇户口的，依照民事诉讼法第二十三条规定确定管辖；双方均被注销城镇户口的，由被告居住地的人民法院管辖。
    ７、当事人的户籍迁出后尚未落户，有经常居住地的，由该地人民法院管辖。没有经常居住地，户籍迁出不足一年的，由其原户籍所在地人民法院管辖；超过一年的，由其居住地人民法院管辖。
    ８、双方当事人都被监禁或被劳动教养的，由被告原住所地人民法院管辖。被告被监禁或被劳动教养一年以上的，由被告被监禁地或被劳动教养地人民法院管辖。
    ９、追索赡养费案件的几个被告住所地不在同一辖区的，可以由原告住所地人民法院管辖。
    １０、不服指定监护或变更监护关系的案件，由被监护人住所地人民法院管辖。
    １１、非军人对军人提出的离婚诉讼，如果军人一方为非文职军人，由原告住所地人民法院管辖。
    离婚诉讼双方当事人都是军人的，由被告住所地或者被告所在的团级以上单位驻地的人民法院管辖。
    １２、夫妻一方离开住所地超过一年，另一方起诉离婚的案件，由原告住所地人民法院管辖。夫妻双方离开住所地超过一年，一方起诉离婚的案件，由被告经常居住地人民法院管辖；没有经常居住地的，由原告起诉时居住地的人民法院管辖。
    １３、在国内结婚并定居国外的华侨，如定居国法院以离婚诉讼须由婚姻缔结地法院管辖为由不予受理，当事人向人民法院提出离婚诉讼的，由婚姻缔结地或一方在国内的最后居住地人民法院管辖。
    １４、在国外结婚并定居国外的华侨，如定居国法院以离婚诉讼须由国籍所属国法院管辖为由不予受理，当事人向人民法院提出离婚诉讼的，由一方原住所地或在国内的最后居住地人民法院管辖。
    １５、中国公民一方居住在国外，一方居住在国内，不论哪一方向人民法院提起离婚诉讼，国内一方住所地的人民法院都有权管辖。如国外一方在居住国法院起诉，国内一方向人民法院起诉的，受诉人民法院有权管辖。
    １６、中国公民双方在国外但未定居，一方向人民法院起诉离婚的，应由原告或者被告原住所地的人民法院管辖。
    １７、对没有办事机构的公民合伙、合伙型联营体提起的诉讼，由被告注册登记地人民法院管辖。没有注册登记，几个被告又不在同一辖区的，被告住所地的人民法院都有管辖权。
    １８、因合同纠纷提起的诉讼，如果合同没有实际履行，当事人双方住所地又都不在合同约定的履行地的，应由被告住所地人民法院管辖。
    １９、购销合同的双方当事人在合同中对交货地点有约定的，以约定的交货地点为合同履行地；没有约定的，依交货方式确定合同履行地；采用送货方式的，以货物送达地为合同履行地；采用自提方式的，以提货地为合同履行地；代办托运或按木材、煤炭送货办法送货的，以货物发运地为合同履行地。
    购销合同的实际履行地点与合同中约定的交货地点不一致的，以实际履行地点为合同履行地。
    ２０、加工承揽合同，以加工行为地为合同履行地，但合同中对履行地有约定的除外。
    ２１、财产租赁合同、融资租赁合同以租赁物使用地为合同履行地，但合同中对履行地有约定的除外。
    ２２、补偿贸易合同，以接受投资一方主要义务履行地为合同履行地。
    ２３、民事诉讼法第二十五条规定的书面合同中的协议，是指合同中的协议管辖条款或者诉讼前达成的选择管辖的协议。
    ２４、合同的双方当事人选择管辖的协议不明确或者选择民事诉讼法第二十五条规定的人民法院中的两个以上人民法院管辖的，选择管辖的协议无效，依照民事诉讼法第二十四条的规定确定管辖。
    ２５、因保险合同纠纷提起的诉讼，如果保险标的物是运输工具或者运输中的货物，由被告住所地或者运输工具登记注册地、运输目的地、保险事故发生地的人民法院管辖。
    ２６、民事诉讼法第二十七条规定的票据支付地，是指票据上载明的付款地。票据未载明付款地的，票据付款人（包括代理付款人）的住所地或主营业所所在地为票据付款地。
    ２７、债权人申请支付令，适用民事诉讼法第二十二条规定，由债务人住所地的基层人民法院管辖。
    ２８、民事诉讼法第二十九条规定的侵权行为地，包括侵权行为实施地、侵权结果发生地。
    ２９、因产品质量不合格造成他人财产、人身损害提起的诉讼，产品制造地、产品销售地、侵权行为地和被告住所地的人民法院都有管辖权。
    ３０、铁路运输合同纠纷及与铁路运输有关的侵权纠纷，由铁路运输法院管辖。
    ３１、诉前财产保全，由当事人向财产所在地的人民法院申请。
    在人民法院采取诉前财产保全后，申请人起诉的，可以向采取诉前财产保全的人民法院或者其他有管辖权的人民法院提起。
    ３２、当事人申请诉前财产保全后没有在法定的期间起诉，因而给被申请人造成财产损失引起诉讼的，由采取该财产保全措施的人民法院管辖。
    ３３、两个以上人民法院都有管辖权的诉讼，先立案的人民法院不得将案件移送给另一个有管辖权的人民法院。人民法院在立案前发现其他有管辖权的人民法院已先立案的，不得重复立案；立案后发现其他有管辖权的人民法院已先立案的，裁定将案件移送给先立案的人民法院。
    ３４、案件受理后，受诉人民法院的管辖权不受当事人住所地、经常居住地变更的影响。
    ３５、有管辖权的人民法院受理案件后，不得以行政区域变更为由，将案件移送给变更后有管辖权的人民法院。判决后的上诉案件和依审判监督程序提审的案件，由原审人民法院的上级人民法院进行审判；第二审人民法院发回重审或者上级人民法院指令再审的案件，由原审人民法院重审或者再审。
    ３６、依照民事诉讼法第三十七条第二款规定，发生管辖权争议的两个人民法院因协商不成报请它们的共同上级人民法院指定管辖时，如双方为同属一个地、市辖区的基层人民法院，由该地、市的中级人民法院及时指定管辖；同属一个省、自治区、直辖市的两个人民法院，由该省、自治区、直辖市的高级人民法院及时指定管辖；如双方为跨省、自治区、直辖市的人民法院，高级人民法院协商不成的，由最高人民法院及时指定管辖。
    依前款规定报请上级人民法院指定管辖时，应当逐级进行。
    ３７、上级人民法院依照民事诉讼法第三十七条的规定指定管辖，应书面通知报送的人民法院和被指定的人民法院。报送的人民法院接到通知后，应及时告知当事人。
二、诉讼参加人
    ３８、法人的正职负责人是法人的法定代表人。没有正职负责人的，由主持工作的副职负责人担任法定代表人。设有董事会的法人，以董事长为法定代表人；没有董事长的法人，经董事会授权的负责人可作为法人的法定代表人。
    不具备法人资格的其他组织，以其主要负责人为代表人。
    ３９、在诉讼中，法人的法定代表人更换的，由新的法定代表人继续进行诉讼，并应向人民法院提交新的法定代表人身份证明书。原法定代表人进行的诉讼行为有效。
    本条的规定，适用于其他组织参加的诉讼。
    ４０、民事诉讼法第四十九条规定的其他组织是指合法成立、有一定的组织机构和财产，但又不具备法人资格的组织，包括：
    （１）依法登记领取营业执照的私营独资企业、合伙组织；
    （２）依法登记领取营业执照的合伙型联营企业；
    （３）依法登记领取我国营业执照的中外合作经营企业、外资企业；
    （４）经民政部门核准登记领取社会团体登记证的社会团体；
    （５）法人依法设立并领取营业执照的分支机构；
    （６）中国人民银行、各专业银行设在各地的分支机构；
    （７）中国人民保险公司设在各地的分支机构；
    （８）经核准登记领取营业执照的乡镇、街道、村办企业；
    （９）符合本条规定条件的其他组织。
    ４１、法人非依法设立的分支机构，或者虽依法设立，但没有领取营业执照的分支机构，以设立该分支机构的法人为当事人。
    ４２、法人或者其他组织的工作人员因职务行为或者授权行为发生的诉讼，该法人或其他组织为当事人。
    ４３、个体工商户、个人合伙或私营企业挂靠集体企业并以集体企业的名义从事生产经营活动的，在诉讼中，该个体工商户、个人合伙或私营企业与其挂靠的集体企业为共同诉讼人。
    ４４、在诉讼中，一方当事人死亡，有继承人的，裁定中止诉讼。人民法院应及时通知继承人作为当事人承担诉讼，被继承人已经进行的诉讼行为对承担诉讼的继承人有效。
    ４５、个体工商户、农村承包经营户、合伙组织雇佣的人员在进行雇佣合同规定的生产经营活动中造成他人损害的，其雇主是当事人。
    ４６、在诉讼中，个体工商户以营业执照上登记的业主为当事人。有字号的，应在法律文书中注明登记的字号。
    营业执照上登记的业主与实际经营者不一致的，以业主和实际经营者为共同诉讼人。
    ４７、个人合伙的全体合伙人在诉讼中为共同诉讼人。个人合伙有依法核准登记的字号的，应在法律文书中注明登记的字号。全体合伙人可以推选代表人；被推选的代表人，应由全体合伙人出具推选书。
    ４８、当事人之间的纠纷经仲裁机构仲裁或者经人民调解委员会调解，当事人不服仲裁或调解向人民法院提起诉讼的，应以对方当事人为被告。
    ４９、法人或者其他组织应登记而未登记即以法人或者其他组织名义进行民事活动，或者他人冒用法人、其他组织名义进行民事活动，或者法人或者其他组织依法终止后仍以其名义进行民事活动的，以直接责任人为当事人。
    ５０、企业法人合并的，因合并前的民事活动发生的纠纷，以合并后的企业为当事人；企业法人分立的，因分立前的民事活动发生的纠纷，以分立后的企业为共同诉讼人。
    ５１、企业法人未经清算即被撤销，有清算组织的，以该清算组织为当事人；没有清算组织的，以作出撤销决定的机构为当事人。
    ５２、借用业务介绍信、合同专用章、盖章的空白合同书或者银行帐户的，出借单位和借用人为共同诉讼人。
    ５３、因保证合同纠纷提起的诉讼，债权人向保证人和被保证人一并主张权利的，人民法院应当将保证人和被保证人列为共同被告；债权人仅起诉保证人的，除保证合同明确约定保证人承担连带责任的外，人民法院应当通知被保证人作为共同被告参加诉讼；债权人仅起诉被保证人的，可只列被保证人为被告。
    ５４、在继承遗产的诉讼中，部分继承人起诉的，人民法院应通知其他继承人作为共同原告参加诉讼；被通知的继承人不愿意参加诉讼又未明确表示放弃实体权利的，人民法院仍应把其列为共同原告。
    ５５、被代理人和代理人承担连带责任的，为共同诉讼人。
    ５６、共有财产权受到他人侵害，部分共有权人起诉的，其他共有权人应当列为共同诉讼人。
    ５７、必须共同进行诉讼的当事人没有参加诉讼的，人民法院应当依照民事诉讼法第一百一十九条的规定，通知其参加；当事人也可以向人民法院申请追加。人民法院对当事人提出的申请，应当进行审查，申请无理的，裁定驳回；申请有理的，书面通知被追加的当事人参加诉讼。
    ５８、人民法院追加共同诉讼的当事人时，应通知其他当事人。应当追加的原告，已明确表示放弃实体权利的，可不予追加；既不愿意参加诉讼，又不放弃实体权利的，仍追加为共同原告，其不参加诉讼，不影响人民法院对案件的审理和依法作出判决。
    ５９、民事诉讼法第五十四条和第五十五条规定的当事人一方人数众多，一般指十人以上。
    ６０、依照民事诉讼法第五十四条规定，当事人一方人数众多在起诉时确定的，可以由全体当事人推选共同的代表人，也可以由部分当事人推选自己的代表人；推选不出代表人的当事人，在必要的共同诉讼中可由自己参加诉讼，在普通的共同诉讼中可以另行起诉。
    ６１、依照民事诉讼法第五十五条规定，当事人一方人数众多在起诉时不确定的，由当事人推选代表人，当事人推选不出的，可以由人民法院提出人选与当事人协商，协商不成的，也可以由人民法院在起诉的当事人中指定代表人。
    ６２、民事诉讼法第五十四条和第五十五条规定的代表人为二至五人，每位代表人可以委托一至二人作为诉讼代理人。
    ６３、依照民事诉讼法第五十五条规定受理的案件，人民法院可以发出公告，通知权利人向人民法院登记。公告期根据具体案件的情况确定，最少不得少于三十日。
    ６４、依照民事诉讼法第五十五条规定向人民法院登记的当事人，应证明其与对方当事人的法律关系和所受到的损害。证明不了的，不予登记，当事人可以另行起诉。人民法院的裁判在登记的范围内执行。未参加登记的权利人在诉讼时效期间内提起诉讼，人民法院认定其请求成立的，裁定适用人民法院已作出的判决、裁定。
    ６５、依照民事诉讼法第五十六条的规定，有独立请求权的第三人有权向人民法院提出诉讼请求和事实、理由，成为当事人；无独立请求权的第三人，可以申请或者由人民法院通知参加诉讼。
    ６６、在诉讼中，无独立请求权的第三人有当事人的诉讼权利义务，判决承担民事责任的无独立请求权的第三人有权提出上诉。但该第三人在一审中无权对案件的管辖权提出异议，无权放弃、变更诉讼请求或者申请撤诉。
    ６７、在诉讼中，无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人的监护人是他的法定代理人。事先没有确定监护人的，可以由有监护资格的人协商确定，协商不成的，由人民法院在他们之间指定诉讼中的法定代理人。当事人没有民法通则第十六条第一、二款或者第十七条第一款规定的监护人的，可以指定该法第十六条第四款或者第十七条第三款规定的有关组织担任诉讼期间的法定代理人。
    ６８、除律师、当事人的近亲属、有关的社会团体或者当事人所在单位推荐的人之外，当事人还可以委托其他公民为诉讼代理人。但无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人或者可能损害被代理人利益的人以及人民法院认为不宜作诉讼代理人的人，不能作为诉讼代理人。
    ６９、当事人向人民法院提交的授权委托书，应在开庭审理前送交人民法院。授权委托书仅写"全权代理"而无具体授权的，诉讼代理人无权代为承认、放弃、变更诉讼请求，进行和解，提起反诉或者上诉。
　

　

【Title】Opinions (II) of the Supreme People's Court on the Application of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China
【Document No.】
【Promulgation Date】1992-07-14
【Effective Date】1992-07-14
【Repealed Date】
【Promulgation Body】The Supreme People's Court
【Status】
【Status Description】
　

【Full Text】
 
Opinions (II) of the Supreme People's Court on the Application of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China
  
 

Isinolaw Reference ID: 120-19922234

  
　

III. Evidences
70. The people's court shall send more than two clerks to collect and investigate evidences and the investigation documents shall be signed or sealed by the investigators and recorders.
71. The people's court shall present receipts for the evidences provided by the litigants, marking with the names of evidences, receiving time, copies and pages sealed or sealed by the adjudicators or the engrossment clerks. 
72. The evidences shall be exhibited at court for debate and cross-examination of the court.  For the evidences that shall be kept secrete according to law, the people's court may decide whether or not to exhibit such evidences at court according to the specific circumstances and when deeming to exhibit, the people's court shall not exhibit them at the open court. 
73. According to Paragraph 2 Article 64 of the Civil Procedure Law, the evidences in the charge of the people's court to collect and investigate contain:
(1) Those inconvenient for the litigant and his process attorney to collect themselves for the objective reasons;
(2) Those deemed by the people's court necessary to appraise and examine on the spot; and
(3) Other evidences deemed by the people's court to collect by itself. 
74. The litigant is liable to provide evidences for his views in the lawsuit.  However in the following tort actions, the defendant denying the infringing facts raised by the plaintiff shall be responsible for inducing evidences: 
(1) Tort action of patent caused by the patent for invention of the product manufacturing methods;
(2) Tort action concerning the damages caused during high-risk operation;
(3) Action for damages caused by the environmental pollution;
(4) Tort action concerning the collapsing, desquamating and falling of the building or other facilities and the shelved objects and suspender on the building or other facilities on the buildings; 
(5) Tort action concerning the detriment caused by the bred animals; and
(6) In other cases in which the defendant bearing the evidential burden stipulated by the relative laws. 
75. The litigant has not to induce evidences for the following facts: 
(1) One party definitely cognizes the facts of a case and claims stated by the other party;
(2) The well-known facts, natural rules and theorem;
(3) The other facts deducted from the facts stipulated by the law or already known;
(4) The facts determined by the validated court verdict of the people's court; and
(5) The facts proven by the effective notary deed. 
76. The people's court shall specify the litigant unable to induce evidences for the time being to induce within the reasonable time limit according to the specific circumstances.  The litigant difficult to induce evidences within the reasonable time limit shall apply to the people's court for prolonging the time limit prior to the expiry of the set deadline.  The people's court shall determine the prolonged time limit.
77. The testimonial provided by the units concerned to the people's court according to Article 65 of the Civil Procedure Law shall be signed or sealed by the directors in charge of such units stamped with the office seal of the units. 
78. The testimonial in duplicates whose provider refuses to offer the original copy or clues to the original copy, for which there is no other document to testify and both parties refuse to cognize, shall not be used as the grounds for ascertaining the facts. 

IV. Time period and service of process
79. Various periods calculated by day in the civil procedures shall start from the next day according to the provision of Paragraph 2 Article 75 of the Civil Procedure Law. 
80. The period for placing a case on file stipulated in Article 112 of the Civil Procedure Law for the case in which the plaintiff is ordered to supplement for content deficiency of the bill of complaint shall start from the next day of the submission of the supplemented bill of complaint to the people's court.  The period for placing a case on file for the case transferred by the higher people's court to the lower people's court, or the case transferred by the basic-level people's court accepted by the people's tribunal concerned shall start from the next day after the people's court or the people's tribunal receive the bill of complaint. 
81. The service of litigious documents to the body corporate or other organization shall be signed or sealed by the legal representative of the body corporate, the principal directors of the organization.  The service by leaving rejected legal processes at the place of abode is applicable for such person refusing to sign or seal.  
82. The server may state the situations in which the addressee refuses to accept the litigation document, the basic organization concerned or the representative of the employing unit of the litigants and other eyewitnesses are not willing to sign or seal on the returns of service and leave the service of documents at the places of abode of them.  It shall be deemed as the service by doing so. 
83. If the addressee has process attorney, the people's court may serve to the addressee or may serve to his process attorney.  In case the addressee appoints his process attorney to receive the service, the people's court may leave the service of documents at the places of abode of the process attorney. 
84. The mediation paper shall be directly served to the litigants themselves and is unsuitable for leaving rejected legal processes at the place of abode.  The litigant unable to sign for the service with sound reasons may appoint a person to receive the service. 
85. The service mailed shall be attached with the return of service.  In case of the discrepancy of the receiving date marked on the return of the registered letter and that marked on the return of service or the return of service's not mailing back, then the receiving date marked on the return of the registered letter shall be determined as the date of service. 
86. When the people's court authorizes other people's court for the service according to Article 80 of the Civil Procedure Law, the authorized people's court shall present letter of authorization attached with the litigation documents and return of service and take the signing date marked on the return of service as the date of service. 
87. When the litigation documents are delivered by the units concerned, the signing date marked on the return of service shall be deemed as the date of service according to Article 81 and Article 82 of the Civil Procedure Law. 
88. The service by public notice may be posted in the public notice column of the people's court and the original place of domicile of the addressee and may be published on the newspaper.  In case of special requirements for the mode of service by public notice, the people's court shall publicize as per the required means.  The expiry of the public notice shall be deemed as service.
89. The service by public notice for the bill of complaint or the duplicates of the bill of complaint shall state the main points of the complaint or appeal, the deadline for the addressee's defense and the legal consequences of the addressee's failure in defense overdue.  The service by public notice for the formal summons shall state the presenting place, time and the legal consequences of the addressee's failure in present.  The service by public notice for the court verdict or rule in writing shall state the chief contents of the judgment, the service by public notice for the court verdict or rule in writing of first instance shall state the right of appeal, time limit of appeal and the appellant people's court. 
90. The litigant's refusing to sign for the court verdict or rule in writing during the regular sentencing of the people's court shall be deemed as service and state it in the record of rendition of judgment. 

V. Mediation
91. After accepting a case and investigation, the people's court, deeming the case with unambiguous jural relation and clear facts, may directly conduct mediation after getting the permission of the litigants. 
92. The people's court handling the civil cases shall mediate in the principle of voluntariness and legitimacy.  The people's court shall judge the case in time in case one or two parties firmly refuse the mediation. 

The people's court handling the divorce cases shall mediate but shall not mediate for a long-term with no decisive results. 

93. The litigant shall not appeal at court when the people's court is mediating the case.  Under special authorization, the litigant may authorize his proxy to take part in the medication who may sign on the mediation agreement achieved. 
In the event that the litigants of the divorce case are unable to take part in the medication for special circumstances, they shall present written opinion for it except for those cannot express their wills. 

94. The divorce case of the persons with no capacity for civil conduct shall be prosecuted by their legal proxies.  The people's court may prepare the court verdict as per the agreement contents achieved by the legal proxies and the opposing party. 
95. The mediation paper shall not come into legal effect in case one party refuses to sign for it and the people's court shall inform the opposing party in time. 
96. In case the mediation paper is unable to serve both parties at court, the signing date of the litigants' receipt of the mediation paper shall be deemed as the effective date of the mediation paper. 
97. For the case in which the third person without dependent right to petition participates in the lawsuit, the people's court shall get the permission of the third person upon determining him to bear the obligations during the mediation, and shall serve the mediation paper to the third person simultaneously.  The people's court shall judge the case in time if the third person goes back on his words before the arrival of the mediation paper.
 
【法规标题】最高人民法院《关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉若干问题的意见》(附英文)(二)
【发文字号】法发(1992)22号
【颁布日期】1992-07-14
【实施日期】1992-07-14
【失效日期】
【颁布单位】最高人民法院
【时效性】
【时效性说明】
　

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最高人民法院《关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉若干问题的意见》(附英文)(二)
 
 

中华法律网之参考编号: 120-19922234

  
　


三、证  据
    ７０、人民法院收集调查证据，应由两人以上共同进行。调查材料要由调查人、被调查人、记录人签名或盖章。
    ７１、对当事人提供的证据，人民法院应当出具收据，注明证据的名称、收到的时间、份数和页数，由审判员或书记员签名或盖章。
    ７２、证据应当在法庭上出示，并经过庭审辩论、质证。依法应当保密的证据，人民法院可视具体情况决定是否在开庭时出示，需要出示的，也不得在公开开庭时出示。
    ７３、依照民事诉讼法第六十四条第二款规定，由人民法院负责调查收集的证据包括：
    （１）当事人及其诉讼代理人因客观原因不能自行收集的；
    （２）人民法院认为需要鉴定、勘验的；
    （３）当事人提供的证据互相有矛盾、无法认定的；
    （４）人民法院认为应当由自己收集的其他证据。
    ７４、在诉讼中，当事人对自己提出的主张，有责任提供证据。但在下列侵权诉讼中，对原告提出的侵权事实，被告否认的，由被告负责举证：
    （１）因产品制造方法发明专利引起的专利侵权诉讼；
    （２）高度危险作业致人损害的侵权诉讼；
    （３）因环境污染引起的损害赔偿诉讼；
    （４）建筑物或者其他设施以及建筑物上的搁置物、悬挂物发生倒塌、脱落、坠落致人损害的侵权诉讼；
    （５）饲养动物致人损害的侵权诉讼；
    （６）有关法律规定由被告承担举证责任的。
    ７５、下列事实，当事人无需举证：
    （１）一方当事人对另一方当事人陈述的案件事实和提出的诉讼请求，明确表示承认的；
    （２）众所周知的事实和自然规律及定理；
    （３）根据法律规定或已知事实，能推定出的另一事实；
    （４）已为人民法院发生法律效力的裁判所确定的事实；
    （５）已为有效公证书所证明的事实。
    ７６、人民法院对当事人一时不能提交证据的，应根据具体情况，指定其在合理期限内提交。当事人在指定期限内提交确有困难的，应在指定期限届满之前，向人民法院申请延期。延长的期限由人民法院决定。
    ７７、依照民事诉讼法第六十五条由有关单位向人民法院提出的证明文书，应由单位负责人签名或盖章，并加盖单位印章。
    ７８、证据材料为复制件，提供人拒不提供原件或原件线索，没有其他材料可以印证，对方当事人又不予承认的，在诉讼中不得作为认定事实的根据。
四、期间和送达
    ７９、依照民事诉讼法第七十五条第二款规定，民事诉讼中以日计算的各种期间均从次日起算。
    ８０、民事诉讼法第一百一十二条规定的立案期限，因起诉状内容欠缺令原告补正的，从补正后交人民法院的次日起算。由上级人民法院转交下级人民法院，或者由基层人民法院转交有关人民法庭受理的案件，从受诉人民法院或人民法庭收到起诉状的次日起算。
    ８１、向法人或者其他组织送达诉讼文书，应当由法人的法定代表人、该组织的主要负责人或者办公室、收发室、值班室等负责收件的人签收或盖章，拒绝签收或者盖章的，适用留置送达。
    ８２、受送达人拒绝接受诉讼文书，有关基层组织或者所在单位的代表及其他见证人不愿在送达回证上签字或盖章的，由送达人在送达回证上记明情况，把送达文书留在受送达人住所，即视为送达。
    ８３、受送达人有诉讼代理人的，人民法院既可以向受送达人送达，也可以向其诉讼代理人送达。受送达人指定诉讼代理人为代收人的，向诉讼代理人送达时，适用留置送达。
    ８４、调解书应当直接送达当事人本人，不适用留置送达。当事人本人因故不能签收的，可由其指定的代收人签收。
    ８５、邮寄送达，应当附有送达回证。挂号信回执上注明的收件日期与送达回证上注明的收件日期不一致的，或者送达回证没有寄回的，以挂号信回执上注明的收件日期为送达日期。
    ８６、依照民事诉讼法第八十条规定，委托其他人民法院代为送达的，委托法院应当出具委托函，并附需要送达的诉讼文书和送达回证，以受送达人在送达回证上签收的日期为送达日期。
    ８７、依照民事诉讼法第八十一条和第八十二条规定，诉讼文书交有关单位转交的，以受送达人在送达回证上注明的签收日期为送达日期。
    ８８、公告送达，可以在法院的公告栏，受送达人原住所地张贴公告，也可以在报纸上刊登公告；对公告送达方式有特殊要求的，应按要求的方式进行公告。公告期满，即视为送达。
    ８９、公告送达起诉状或上诉状副本的，应说明起诉或上诉要点，受送达人答辩期限及逾期不答辩的法律后果；公告送达传票，应说明出庭地点、时间及逾期不出庭的法律后果；公告送达判决书、裁定书的，应说明裁判主要内容，属于一审的，还应说明上诉权利、上诉期限和上诉的人民法院。
    ９０、人民法院在定期宣判时，当事人拒不签收判决书、裁定书的，应视为送达，并在宣判笔录中记明。
五、调  解
    ９１、人民法院受理案件后，经审查，认为法律关系明确、事实清楚，在征得当事人双方同意■可以迳行调解。
    ９２、人民法院审理民事案件，应当根据自愿和合法的原则进行调解。当事人一方或双方坚持不愿调解的，人民法院应当及时判决。
    人民法院审理离婚案件，应当进行调解，但不应久调不决。
    ９３、人民法院调解案件时，当事人不能出庭的，经其特别授权，可由其委托代理人参加调解，达成的调解协议，可由委托代理人签名。
    离婚案件当事人确因特殊情况无法出庭参加调解的，除本人不能表达意志的以外，应当出具书面意见。
    ９４、无民事行为能力人的离婚案件，由其法定代理人进行诉讼。法定代理人与对方达成协议要求发给判决书的，可根据协议内容制作判决书。
    ９５、当事人一方拒绝签收调解书的，调解书不发生法律效力，人民法院要及时通知对方当事人。
    ９６、调解书不能当庭送达双方当事人的，应以后收到调解书的当事人签收的日期为调解书生效日期。
    ９７、无独立请求权的第三人参加诉讼的案件，人民法院调解时需要确定无独立请求权的第三人承担义务的，应经第三人的同意，调解书应当同时送达第三人。第三人在调解书送达前反悔的，人民法院应当及时判决。
　
Title】Opinions (III) of the Supreme People's Court on the Application of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China
【Document No.】
【Promulgation Date】1992-07-14
【Effective Date】1992-07-14
【Repealed Date】
【Promulgation Body】The Supreme People's Court
【Status】
【Status Description】
　

【Full Text】
 
Opinions (III) of the Supreme People's Court on the Application of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China
  
 

Isinolaw Reference ID: 120-19922235

  
　

VI. Property preservation and enforcement in advance
98. Upon adopting property preservation before the institution of an action and property preservation in litigation, the people's court shall order the applicant to provide warranty according to the provisions of Article 92 and Article 93 of the Civil Procedure Law.  The amount of the warranty provided shall be tantamount to the amount asked for preservation. 
99. The people's court may order the litigants to timely dispose of the seasonal commodities, fresh and live commodities, perishable articles and other articles unsuitable for long-term storage upon adopting property preservation of these articles before the institution of an action.  If necessary, the people's court may sell of these articles to preserve the cost. 
100. The people's court shall properly preserve the properties being sequestered and detained upon adopting sequestration and distraint in the property preservation.  The litigants, units or individuals concerned in charge of keeping the properties and the people's court shall not use the properties. 
101. Upon property preservation of the immovable properties and special movable estate such as vehicles and ships, etc., the people's court may adopt the measures of property preservation by seizing the certificates of property right concerned and informing the corresponding organizations for title registration of title not to accept the transfer formalities of the seized property.  In necessary, the people's court may sequester or seize the property. 
102. The people's court may take protective measure for the estate under mortgage and the lien, while the mortgagee and the lienor have the priority of compensation. 
103. Before the people's court of second instance accepting the case submitted, if the litigants of the case refuse to comply with the first-instance judgment as to transferring, concealing, selling or destroying the properties, the people's court of first instance shall take protective measure upon the application of the litigants or according to its authorization.  The verdict of the people's court of first instance concerning the property preservation shall be sent to the people's court of second instance. 
104. The people's court may take protective measure for the earnings due to the creditor to limit the money drawing and inform the units concerned to assist the enforcement. 
105. In the event that the properties of the debtor may not satisfy the request for property preservation but the debtor has the mature credit to the third party, the people's court may judge the third party not to pay off the debtor in this case according to the application of the creditor.  The people's court may submit the articles of property or cost to the third party asking for reimbursement.  
106. The people's court shall take the enforcement in advance stipulated by the Civil Procedure Law before making the final sentence after accepting the case.  The enforcement in advance shall be limited into the range requested by the litigants' claim and limit within the urgent needs for the litigants' lives, production and management. 
107. The emergency stipulated by Paragraph 3 Article 97 of the Civil Procedure Law contains the following situations: 
(1) Calling for ceasing the infringement and removing the hindrance immediately;
(2) Calling for suppressing a certain acts immediately;
(3) Calling for restituting the payment to purchase the raw materials of production and means of production immediately; and
(4) Recoursing the insurance indemnities urgently needed for the production resuming and management. 
108. After the people's court judges to take protective measure, no unit may rescind the protective measure within the period of property preservation except that the people's court making the property preservation ruling disbands it and other higher people's courts decide to disband. 
109. The validity of the ruling for property preservation in the lawsuit shall last till the enforcement of the validated legal papers.  In the course of litigation, the people's court shall make timely ruling to disband the protective measures when it's necessary to disband. 
110. The people's court shall timely investigate the application for reconsideration of the litigant refusing to comply with the ruling in writing of property preservation and enforcement in advance.  In the event that the ruling is right, the people's court shall deny the litigant's application and in the event that the ruling is wrong, the people's court shall make new ruling to amend or rescind the original ruling. 
111. After the enforcement in advance judged by the people's court, the applicant shall restitute the earnings gained from the enforcement in advance for the validated judgment as per the provision of Article 214 of the Civil Procedure Law. 

VII. Compulsory measure against the disruption of civil proceedings
112. The defendant must appear at court stipulated in Article 100 of the Civil Procedure Law refers to the defendant with the obligations of support for his parents, fostering and maintenance and whose failure in appear may make it impossible for ascertain the facts of a case. 
The legal proxy of the infant causing detriment to the state, collective or other people shall appear at count but refuse to after twice formal summons without any sound reason, the people's court may summon him by force. 
113. The summoning by force shall be conducted with bench warrant and sent directly to the person summoned to court with force.  Before the summoning by force, the people's court shall explain the consequence of refusing to present and summon such person by force if he still refuses to present after criticism and education. 
114.  The people's court shall get the approval of its president to take action of summoning by force to the non-judicial participants and other people according to Article 101 and Article 102 of the Civil Procedure Law and then prepare the paper of decision of detention.  The bailiff shall transfer the detainee to the local public security organization for surveillance. 
115. The people's court shall send personnel to the people's court in the locality of the detainee not in the same area of jurisdiction to assist in the enforcement.  The authorized people's court shall send personnel to assist in the enforcement.  In the event that the detainee apples for reconsideration or admits and corrects his faults during the detention, the authorized people's court shall transfer or propose to disband the detention in advance to the authorizing people's court for it to investigate and decide. 
116. The emergency of resisting the performance of official business in the ways of bursting and striking the court in violence and intimidation calling for detention measure, the people's court shall report to its president for supplementing the approval formality after detaining the offenders.  The people's court shall disband the detention in the event that the president thinks it's improper to detain. 
117. The detainee repenting during the detention may be ordered to make a statement of repentance and relieved for detention before the due date.  The president shall approve the relief for detention before the due date with the written decision on relief for detention before the due date and send it to the public security organization for surveillance to execute. 
118. The statutory penalty and detention stipulated in Article 101 and Article 102 of the Civil Procedure Law may be separately applied and may be applied as a whole. 
119. The statutory penalty and detention shall not be applied continuously for the same disruption of civil proceeding.  However the people's court may impose new statutory penalty and detention for the new disruption of civil proceeding. 
120. The people's court may enforce the statutory penalty and detention to the unit and individual unlawfully detaining others or unlawfully distressing other's property for recovering the debts according to Article 106 of the Civil Procedure Law.  This practice is applicable for the provision of Article 104 and Article 105 of the Civil Procedure Law. 
121. The higher people's court shall make decision to the application for reconsideration within five days of receiving it filed by the fined and the detainee refusing to comply with the statutory penalty and detention and inform the reconsideration result to the lower people's court and the litigants.
122. Upon reconsideration, the higher people's court thinking the compulsory measures improper shall prepare written decision to rescind or amend the decision of the lower people's court upon statutory penalty and detention.  In time of emergency, it may issue the written decision within three days after the oral notice. 
123. The litigant with one of the following circumstances may be handled as per the provision of Item 6 Paragraph 1 Article 102 of the Civil Procedure Law:
(1) The litigant concealing, transferring, selling off and destroying properties after the validation of the legal papers and causing it's impossible for the people's court to execute;
(2) The litigant hampering or resisting the people's court to execute with violence, intimidating and other means; and
(3) The litigant with performance capacity while refusing to execute the validated court verdict and rule in writing, mediation paper and pay warrant of the people's court.  
124. The people's court may handle the unit concerned in one of the following circumstances according to the provision of Article 102 of the Civil Procedure Law:
(1) The unit transferring or releasing the deposit frozen by the people's court without permission;
(2) The unit hampering the judicial staff from querying, freezing and appropriating the bank deposit with violence, intimidating and other means; and
(3) The unit sending news secretly to the litigant, assisting him to transfer and conceal properties after receiving the people's court's notice for assistance in the enforcement. 
125. The trial group for the case shall directly investigate the personnel concerned into criminal penalties according to the provision of Article 101 of the Civil Procedure Law and shall allow the litigant to state or to authorize the pleader to defend him before the judgment. 
126. The criminal division of the people's court shall directly accept and judge the personnel concerned into criminal penalties according to the provision of Item 6 Paragraph 1 Article 102 of the Civil Procedure Law.
127. The people's court shall investigate the personnel concerned into criminal penalties according to the provision of Paragraph 1 to 5 Article 102 and Article 106 of the Civil Procedure Law and the clause of the Criminal Procedural Law. 

VIII. Expenses of proceedings
128.  The expenses of proceedings for the application for property preservation before the institution of an action as per the provision of Article 93 of the Civil Procedure Law shall be paid as per the clause of Paragraph 2 Article 8 of the "Proceeding Charging Measures for the People's Court". 
129. The litigant shall not prepay the court acceptance fee for the case handle as per Article 55 of the Civil Procedure Law and the losing party shall pay for it after the case settled as per the amount of the object of action. 
130. As stipulated in Paragraph 4 Article 55 of the Civil Procedure Law, the obligee not participating the registration applying for enforcement to the people's court shall pay the charge of petition for enforcement according to the clause of Paragraph 1 Article 8 of the "Proceeding Charging Measures for the People's Court".
131. The litigant of the case unaccepted by the people's court shall not pay the expenses of proceedings.  The litigant refusing to comply with the ruling and filing an appeal shall pay the expenses of proceedings as per the clause of Paragraph 3 Article 5s of the "Proceeding Charging Measures for the People's Court".
132. The party petitioning for payment order as per the provision of Article 189 of the Civil Procedure Law shall pay RMB100 application fee for each payment order.  The applicant shall bear the application fee in the event that the proceedings for supervising and urging the clearance of debt are terminated due to the disagreement of the debtors.  The debtors not disagreeing shall bear the application fee. 
133. The creditor filing the other appeal after the termination of the proceedings for supervising and urging the clearance of debt shall pay the legal costs as per the "Proceeding Charging Measures for the People's Court". 
134. The applicant petitioning for public summons for exhortation shall pay RMB100 application fee for each summon as per the provision of Article 193 of the Civil Procedure Law and the applicant shall also bear the application fee and announcement fee. 
135. The party filing an lawsuit with the people's court as per the provision of Article 196 and Article 198 of the Civil Procedure Law shall pay the court acceptance fee as per Paragraph 4 Article 5 of the "Proceeding Charging Measures for the People's Court". 
136. The party applying for bankruptcy liquidation to the people's court as per the provision of Article 199 of the Civil Procedure Law may not pay the court acceptance fee in advance and the costs for bankruptcy proceedings shall be appropriated from the insolvent properties.
137. The litigants for the case of retrial instituted through adjudicatory supervision procedure filed by the people's court according to its competence and the case of retrial instituted through adjudicatory supervision procedure filed by the people's procuratorate shall not pay the expenses of proceedings.
138. The authorized people's court for execution by mandate shall not charge any fee from the authorizing people's court.  The actual expenses in the enforcement shall be charged as per the "Proceeding Charging Measures for the People's Court".
 
【法规标题】最高人民法院《关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉若干问题的意见》(附英文)(三)
【发文字号】法发(1992)22号
【颁布日期】1992-07-14
【实施日期】1992-07-14
【失效日期】
【颁布单位】最高人民法院
【时效性】
【时效性说明】
　

【全文】
 
最高人民法院《关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉若干问题的意见》(附英文)(三)
 
 

中华法律网之参考编号: 120-19922235

  
　


六、财产保全和先予执行
    ９８、人民法院依照民事诉讼法第九十二条、第九十三条规定，在采取诉前财产保全和诉讼财产保全时责令申请人提供担保的，提供担保的数额应相当于请求保全的数额。
    ９９、人民法院对季节性商品、鲜活、易腐烂变质以及其他不宜长期保存的物品采取保全措施时，可以责令当事人及时处理，由人民法院保存价款；必要时，人民法院可予以变卖，保存价款。
    １００、人民法院在财产保全中采取查封、扣押财产措施时，应当妥善保管被查封、扣押的财产。当事人、负责保管的有关单位或个人以及人民法院都不得使用该项财产。
    １０１、人民法院对不动产和特定的动产（如车辆、船舶等）进行财产保全，可以采用扣押有关财产权证照并通知有关产权登记部门不予办理该项财产的转移手续的财产保全措施；必要时，也可以查封或扣押该项财产。
    １０２、人民法院对抵押物、留置物可以采取财产保全措施，但抵押权人、留置权人有优先受偿权。
    １０３、对当事人不服一审判决提出上诉的案件，在第二审人民法院接到报送的案件之前，当事人有转移、隐匿、出卖或者毁损财产等行为，必须采取财产保全措施的，由第一审人民法院依当事人申请或依职权采取。第一审人民法院制作的财产保全裁定，应及时报送第二审人民法院。
    １０４、人民法院对债务人到期应得的收益，可以采取财产保全措施，限制其支取，通知有关单位协助执行。
    １０５、债务人的财产不能满足保全请求，但对第三人有到期债权的，人民法院可以依债权人的申请裁定该第三人不得对本案债务人清偿。该第三人要求偿付的，由人民法院提存财物或价款。
    １０６、民事诉讼法规定的先予执行，人民法院应当在受理案件后终审判决作出前采取。先予执行应当限于当事人诉讼请求的范围，并以当事人的生活、生产经营的急需为限。
    １０７、民事诉讼法第九十七条第（三）项规定的紧急情况，包括：
    （１）需要立即停止侵害、排除妨碍的；
    （２）需要立即制止某项行为的；
    （３）需要立即返还用于购置生产原料、生产工具货款的；
    （４）追索恢复生产、经营急需的保险理赔费的。
    １０８、人民法院裁定采取财产保全措施后，除作出保全裁定的人民法院自行解除和其上级人民法院决定解除外，在财产保全期限内，任何单位都不得解除保全措施。
    １０９、诉讼中的财产保全裁定的效力一般应维持到生效的法律文书执行时止。在诉讼过程中，需要解除保全措施的，人民法院应及时作出裁定，解除保全措施。
    １１０、对当事人不服财产保全、先予执行裁定提出的复议申请，人民法院应及时审查。裁定正确的，通知驳回当事人的申请；裁定不当的，作出新的裁定变更或者撤销原裁定。
    １１１、人民法院先予执行后，依发生法律效力的判决，申请人应当返还因先予执行所取得的利益的，适用民事诉讼法第二百一十四条的规定。
七、对妨害民事诉讼的强制措施
    １１２、民事诉讼法第一百条规定的必须到庭的被告，是指负有赡养、抚育、扶养义务和不到庭就无法查清案情的被告。
    给国家、集体或他人造成损害的未成年人的法定代理人，如其必须到庭，经两次传票传唤无正当理由拒不到庭的，也可以适用拘传。
    １１３、拘传必须用拘传票，并直接送达被拘传人；在拘传前，应向被拘传人说明拒不到庭的后果，经批评教育仍拒不到庭的，可拘传其到庭。
    １１４、人民法院依照民事诉讼法第一百零一条、第一百零二条的规定，需要对诉讼参与人和其他人采取拘留措施的，应经院长批准，作出拘留决定书，由司法警察将被拘留人送交当地公安机关看管。
    １１５、被拘留人不在本辖区的，作出拘留决定的人民法院应派员到被拘留人所在地的人民法院，请该院协助执行，受委托的人民法院应及时派员协助执行。被拘留人申请复议或者在拘留期间承认并改正错误，需要提前解除拘留的，受委托人民法院应向委托人民法院转达或者提出建议，由委托人民法院审查决定。
    １１６、因哄闹、冲击法庭，用暴力、威胁等方法抗拒执行公务等紧急情况，必须立即采取拘留措施的，可在拘留后，立即报告院长补办批准手续。院长认为拘留不当的，应当解除拘留。
    １１７、被拘留人在拘留期间认错悔改的，可以责令其具结悔过，提前解除拘留。提前解除拘留，应报经院长批准，并作出提前解除拘留决定书，交负责看管的公安机关执行。
    １１８、民事诉讼法第一百零一条、第一百零二条规定的罚款、拘留可以单独适用，也可以合并适用。
    １１９、对同一妨害民事诉讼行为的罚款、拘留不得连续适用。但发生了新的妨害民事诉讼的行为，人民法院可以重新予以罚款、拘留。
    １２０、依照民事诉讼法第一百零六条的规定，人民法院对非法拘禁他人或者非法私自扣押他人财产追索债务的单位和个人予以拘留、罚款的，适用该法第一百零四条和第一百零五条的规定。
    １２１、被罚款、拘留的人不服罚款、拘留决定申请复议的，上级人民法院应在收到复议申请后五日内作出决定，并将复议结果通知下级人民法院和当事人。
    １２２、上级人民法院复议时认为强制措施不当，应当制作决定书，撤销或变更下级人民法院的拘留、罚款决定。情况紧急的，可以在口头通知后三日内发出决定书。
    １２３、当事人有下列情形之一的，可以依照民事诉讼法第一百零二条第一款第（六）项的规定处理：
    （１）在法律文书发生法律效力后隐藏、转移、变卖、毁损财产，造成人民法院无法执行的；
    （２）以暴力、威胁或者其他方法妨碍或抗拒人民法院执行的；
    （３）有履行能力而拒不执行人民法院发生法律效力的判决书、裁定书、调解书和支付令的。
    １２４、有关单位有下列情形之一的，人民法院可以依照民事诉讼法第一百零二条的规定处理：
    （１）擅自转移已被人民法院冻结的存款，或擅自解冻的；
    （２）以暴力、威胁或者其他方法阻碍司法工作人员查询、冻结、划拨银行存款的；
    （３）接到人民法院协助执行通知后，给当事人通风报信，协助其转移、隐匿财产的。
    １２５、依照民事诉讼法第一百零一条的规定，应当追究有关人员刑事责任的，由审理该案的审判组织直接予以判决；在判决前，应当允许当事人陈述意见或者委托辩护人辩护。
    １２６、依照民事诉讼法第一百零二条第一款第（六）项的规定，应当追究有关人员刑事责任的，由人民法院刑事审判庭直接受理并予以判决。
    １２７、依照民事诉讼法第一百零二条第（一）至（五）项和第一百零六条的规定，应当追究有关人员刑事责任的，依照刑事诉讼法的规定办理。
八、诉讼费用
    １２８、依照民事诉讼法第九十三条的规定向人民法院申请诉前财产保全的，诉讼费用按照《人民法院诉讼收费办法》第八条第（二）项的规定交纳。
    １２９、依照民事诉讼法第五十五条审理的案件不预交案件受理费，结案后按照诉讼标的额由败诉方交纳。
    １３０、依照民事诉讼法第五十五条第四款的规定，未参加登记的权利人向人民法院申请执行的，按《人民法院诉讼收费办法》第八条第（一）项的规定交纳申请执行费。
    １３１、人民法院裁定不予受理的案件，当事人不需交纳诉讼费用。当事人不服裁定上诉的，诉讼费用按照《人民法院诉讼收费办法》第五条第（三）项的规定交纳。
    １３２、依照民事诉讼法第一百八十九条的规定向人民法院申请支付令的，每件交纳申请费１００元。督促程序因债务人异议而终结的，申请费由申请人负担；债务人未提出异议的，申请费由债务人负担。
    １３３、督促程序终结后，债权人另行起诉的，按照《人民法院诉讼收费办法》交纳诉讼费用。
    １３４、依照民事诉讼法第一百九十三条的规定向人民法院申请公示催告的，每件交纳申请费１００元。申请费和公告费由申请人负担。
    １３５、依照民事诉讼法第一百九十六条、第一百九十八条的规定向人民法院起诉的，按照《人民法院诉讼收费办法》第五条第（四）项的规定交纳案件受理费。
    １３６、依照民事诉讼法第一百九十九条的规定，向人民法院申请破产还债的，可不预交案件受理费，破产费用从破产财产中拨付。

    １３７、人民法院依职权提起的再审案件和人民检察院抗诉的再审案件，当事人不需交纳诉讼费用。
    １３８、委托执行，受委托人民法院不得向委托人民法院收取费用。执行中实际支出的费用，按照《人民法院诉讼收费办法》收取。
　
 
【Title】Opinions (IV) of the Supreme People's Court on the Issues the Application of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China
【Document No.】
【Promulgation Date】1992-07-14
【Effective Date】1992-07-14
【Repealed Date】
【Promulgation Body】The Supreme People's Court
【Status】
【Status Description】
　

【Full Text】
 
Opinions (IV) of the Supreme People's Court on the Issues the Application of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China
  
 

Isinolaw Reference ID: 120-19922236

  
　

IX. The general procedures of first instance
139. The people's court shall not accept the lawsuit falling short of the requirements for acceptance.  The people's court shall determine to dismiss the lawsuit when discovering the lawsuit falling short of the requirements after acceptance. 
The ruling in writing of denial by the court shall be signed by the judge and engrossment clerk in charge of reviewing the case and putting it into file.  The ruling in writing of dismissal of a lawsuit shall be signed by the judge and engrossment clerk in charge of trying the case. 
140. In the event that the litigants state the words of slander and personal abuse in the bill of indictment and that the service of the duplicates may intensify the dispute and not beneficial for the settlement of the case, then the people's court shall persuade the litigants to revise as per the fact.  In the event that the litigants insist on not revising firmly, the people's court may serve the duplicates of the bill of indictment. 
141. The people's court shall inform the plaintiff of the case for which the same court has no jurisdiction to file a lawsuit to the people's court with jurisdiction.  The people's court shall determine not to accept if the plaintiff insists on suing.   The people's court shall transfer the case to the people's court with jurisdiction if discovering it with no jurisdiction for the case already filed. 
142. The people's court shall accept the case whose plaintiff file a lawsuit for the second time falling in the requirements for suing after unaccepted and denied by the people's court in ruling. 
143. The people's court shall inform the plaintiff to prepay for the court acceptance fee due to him.  For the plaintiff refusing to prepay after the information or not prepaying after his application for reduction, delaying payment and exemption is turned down by the people's court, the people's court shall determine to handle with it as the automatic withdrawing the lawsuit. 
144. The people's court shall accept the second appeal filed by the litigant for the same claim after the litigant has withdrawn the appeal or the people's court handles as withdrawing the appeal. 
The people's court may not accept the divorce case re-appealed by the plaintiff within six months without any new circumstances and new reasons after the plaintiff has withdrawn the appeal or the people's handles as withdrawing the appeal according to the provision of Paragraph 7 Article 111 of the Civil Procedural Law. 
145. In the event that the litigants have entered into the arbitration clauses in the written contract or both parties come to the written arbitration agreement after the occurrence of the dispute and one party files an appeal with the people's court, then the people's court may determine not to accept and inform the plaintiff to apply for arbitration to the arbitral agency according to the provision of Paragraph 2 Article 111 of the Civil Procedural Law except for the invalidity and invalidation of the arbitration clauses or arbitration agreement or ambiguous content making it impossible for enforcement. 
146. In case of the non-existence of the arbitral agency selected by the litigants in the arbitration clauses or arbitration agreement or the chosen items of ruling exceed the power of the arbitral agency, the people's court is entitled to accept the appeal filed by one party according to law. 
147. The civil lawsuit impossible for executing due to invalidity and invalidation of the arbitration clauses or arbitration agreement or ambiguous content is accepted by the people's court, the people's court accepting the case shall render ruling on the jurisdiction if the defendant raises objection to the jurisdiction of the people's court. 
148. If one party has not declared the arbitration agreement upon filing a lawsuit with the people's court, both parties respond to action and defend themselves after the court's acceptance of the appeal, then the people's court shall be deemed with the jurisdiction. 
149. The patient and his family members have no disagreement on the conclusion of the medical negligence drew by the technical evaluation commission of malpractice and only proceed against the medical unit to compensate for the economic losses for the medical malpractice, for this account, the people's court shall accept the proceeding. 
150. The defendants of the divorce case determined by the court not to divorce and both parties making reconciled after mediation and the cases of judging and mediating to maintain the adoptive relation shall not be limited by the requirements stipulated in Paragraph 7 Article 111 of the Civil Procedural Law to file appeals with the people's courts.
151. The people's court shall accept the divorce case in which the whereabouts of one party of the couple is unknown and the other party sues to the people's court only for divorce, not applying to declare the disappearance or death of the party whose whereabouts unknown, and serve the legal papers on the party whose whereabouts unknown through public notice. 
152. In the event that one party files another appeal with new circumstances and new reasons for increasing or decreasing the expenses after the validation of the court verdict for the case of the maintenance, expenses of upbringing and fostering expenses, the people's court shall accept the appeal as a new case. 
153. The people's court shall accept the appeal filed by the litigant after the extinctive prescription.  If ascertaining the litigant has no causes in fact for the suspension, interruption and prolonging, the people's court shall judge to deny the claim. 
154. Business secret mentioned in Article 66 and Article 120 of the Civil Procedural Law chiefly refers to the technical secret, business intelligence and information, etc., such as the industrial and business secrets that the litigant is reluctant to publicize such as the manufacturing processing, formula, trading contact and sale channel, etc.
155. Upon handling case in general procedures, the people's court shall summon the litigants with subpoena three days prior to the trial and inform the process attorney, witness, expert examiner, on-site examiner and interpreter with advice notes.  The litigant or other litigant participants in other places shall be left enough time for travelling.
156. After the acceptance of the case and before the end of the court debate, the people's court shall handle the increased claims of the plaintiff, the countersuit of the defendant and the claims of the third party relating to this case in combination. 
157. The statutory agent of the litigant in the divorce action filed by the person of no civil disposition capacity shall present; in case of the statutory agent's failure in presenting, the people's court shall rule according to law on the basis of the facts ascertained. 
158. In case the statutory agent of the litigant of no civil disposition capacity refusing to appear at court without reasonable ground after being summoned by the subpoena, if the proxy is of the plaintiff, the people's court may handle the case as withdrawn according to the provision of Article 129 of the Civil Procedural Law.  If the proxy is of the defendant, the people's court may handle the case as default judgement according to the provision of Article 130 of the Civil Procedural Law.
159.  The people's court may handle the third party with independent right of claim as withdrawn according to the provision of Article 129 of the Civil Procedural Law if the third party refuses to present without reasonable ground or midway withdraws from the court session without the permission of the court. 
160. If the plaintiff withdraws his appeal after the third party with independent right of claim participates in the lawsuit, the people's court may permit the plaintiff to withdraw his appeal and deem the third party with independent right of claim as the plaintiff of the separate case, and the plaintiff and defendant of the original case as the defendants of the separate case to proceed the lawsuit. 
161. In the event that the litigant has to be punished for his illegal acts in the case which may be handled as withdrawal according to law or when the litigant applies for withdrawing his appeal, the people's court may deny the withdrawal or handled the case not as per the withdrawal. 
162. The third party without independent right of claim will not affect the case handling by refusing to appear at court without reasonable ground after being summoned by the subpoena or midway withdraws from the court session without the permission of the court.  The third party without independent right of claim judged to bear the civil liability by the people's court is entitled to proceed with an appeal. 
163. When the people's court of first trial discovers errors in the judgment after pronouncement of first-instance judgment and the litigant proceeds with an appeal within the appellate period, the people's court of first trial may report the opinion on the wrong judgment of first trial to the people's court of second instance for its handling as per the procedure of second instance.  In case of the litigant's not appeal, the people's court of second instance may handle the case as per the procedure of trial supervision. 
164. The time limit for concluding a trial stipulated in Article 135 of the Civil Procedural Law refers to the period from the next day of filing the case to the date of service of the judgement and mediation paper excluding the period of the jurisdictional dispute between the litigant filing the disagreement over the jurisdiction and the people's court handling the case. 
165. If the judgment of first trial and the ruling that may be appealed cannot be served on the both parties simultaneously, the appellate period shall start from the next day of receiving the judgment and ruling in writing respectively. 
166. The clerical error mentioned in Item 7 Paragraph 1 Article 140 of the Civil Procedural Law refers to the miswriting and miscalculating of the legal papers, the miss in writing, miscalculating of the court costs and other clerical errors. 
167. The original ruling may not necessarily be reversed when the causes for suspending the lawsuit disappear and the proceedings are resumed.  The ruling to suspend the lawsuit will come void immediately after the people's court's notice or the permission on the both parties to continue with the lawsuit. 

X. Summary procedure
168. The "clear facts" in the summary civil case stipulated in Article 142 of the Civil Procedural Law refers to that the statements of both parties are basically coincident in the disputed facts and they may provide reliable evidences.  The facts may be ascertained without the people's court's investigating and collecting the evidences.  "With explicit jural relations" refers to the facts that who is the liability bearer and whose is the right sharer with explicate relations.  "Not much controversy" refers to the facts that the litigants have no difference in principle upon the rights and wrongs, liabilities and subject matter of the case. 
169. The case in which the defendant's whereabouts is unknown upon the filing of lawsuit shall not be handled in summary procedure. 
170. The time limit of trials for the case applicable for the summary procedure shall not be prolonged.  In case of discovering the case intricate during the handling, the people's court may turn the summary procedure into general procedure, constitute the collegial bench to handle and inform both parties in time.   The time limit of trials shall start from the next day of putting the case into file. 
171. The case handled in general procedure shall not be handled in summary procedure at all events occurred in the handling process. 
172. The people's court shall inform the contents of indictment to the defendant by word of mouth or in writing for the case applicable for handling in summary procedure, summon the litigants and witnesses by word of mouth or other simple means.  The judge acts as the solely judge and engrossment clerk acts as the recorder instead of recording by the judge handling the case.  For the judgement to settle the case, the judge shall pronounce judgment on the case open as per the provision of Article 134 of the Civil Procedural Law. 
173. The judgment, ruling in writing and mediation paper made by the people's tribunal shall be stamped with the official seal of the basic people's court without substituting the official seal of the basic people's court with the official seal of the people's tribunal. 
174. The case remanded for a new trial and the case retried according to the procedure of trial supervision shall not be handled in summary procedure. 
175. The docile for the case applicable for the summary procedure shall contain the following documents: 
(1) Bill of indictment or transcript of verbal complaint;
(2) Bill of defense or transcript of oral pleadings;
(3) Power of attorney to entrust the other people for the lawsuit;
(4) Indispensable evidences;
(5) Transcript of inquisition of the litigants;
(6) Trial records including mediation records; 
(7) Judgment, ruling in writing and mediation paper, or mediation agreement;
(8) Service and sentencing transcript;
(9) Enforcement information; and
(10) Receipt of the cost of action.

XI. Procedure of second instances
176. Both parties and the third party filing appeals shall all be deemed as the appellants.
177. One or some indispensable parties filing appeals shall be handled as per the following circumstances: 
(1) If the appeal is to present opinion for the rights and obligations between both parities, not relating to the interests of other indispensable parties, then the opposing party shall be deemed as the appellee and the other litigant not filing appeals in the same side shall be listed as per the original status in litigation; 
(2) If the appeal is to present opinion for the rights and obligations among the coparties, not relating to the interests of the litigants of the opposing party, then the other litigant not filing appeals in the same side shall be deemed as the appellee and the opposing party shall be listed as per the original status in litigation; and
(3) If the appeal is to present opinion for the rights and obligations between both parities and among the coparties, then and the other litigant not filing appeals in the same side shall be deemed as the appellee.
178. If the litigant orally expresses his will to appeal upon the pronouncement of first-instance judgment and ruling or the service of the judgment and the ruling in writing, the people's court shall tell him to file the appellate petition within the statutory appellate period.  The litigant failing to submit the appellate petition within the statutory appellate period may be deemed as not appealing. 
179. The statutory agent for the person of no civil disposition capacity and the person with qualified civil capacity may institute the appeal on behalf of his litigant.
180. The people's court of second instance shall correct the errors in the original judgment in addition to those in the appeal claim discovered during the review of the facts and applicable laws of the appeal claim of the appellant according to the provision of Article 151 of the Civil Procedural Law. 
181. In case of discovering the people's court of first trial with one of the circumstances violating the legal proceedings that may affect the correct judgment, the people's court of second instance shall determine to reverse the original judgement and remand the case for a new trial to the people's court of first trial according to the provision of Item 4 Paragraph 1 Article 153 of the Civil Procedural Law:
(1) The judge and engrossment clerk handling this case shall challenge but fail to;
(2) Making judgment without holding court session;
(3) Rendering default judgment with the litigant in the case that shall be subject to the summary procedure not being summoned; and
(4) Other circumstances seriously going against the legal proceedings. 
182. If the people's court of first trial has not judged appeal claims of the litigants filed in the first trial, the people's court of second instance shall mediate according to the principle of the litigants' voluntariness.  In case of failure in mediation, the people's court of second instance shall remand the case for a new trial to the people's court of first trial. 
183. If the litigants shall take part in the lawsuit in the first trial but fail to, the people's court of second instance may carry out mediation according to the principle of the litigants' voluntariness, and remand the case for a new trial to the people's court of first trial in case of failure in mediation.  The written ruling of remanding a case for a new trial shall not state the litigants to be supplemented. 
184. For the plaintiff of the first trial increasing independent appeal claim or the defendant of the first trial filing the countersuit in the procedure of second instance, the people's court of second instance may carry out mediation on the newly increased appeal claim or the countersuit according to the principle of the litigants' voluntariness.  In case of failure in mediation, the people's court of second instance shall inform the litigant to file a lawsuit in a separate case.
185. After case in which the divorce is denied in the first instance judgment, the people's court of second instance shall carry out mediation on the problems of the childcare and property according to the principle of the litigants' voluntariness.  In case of failure in mediation, the people's court of second instance shall remand the case for a new trial to the people's court of first trial.
186. For the case handled in the procedure of second instance, the people's court may judge to reverse the original judgment directly and dismiss the lawsuit when it thinks the case shall not be accepted by the people's court. 
187. Upon ascertaining the ruling of the people's court of first instance not to accept the case wrong, the people's court of second instance shall order the people's court of first instance to file and accept the case at the same time of reversing the original ruling in writing.  Upon ascertaining the ruling of the people's court of first instance to dismiss the lawsuit wrong, the people's court of second instance shall order the people's court of first instance to handle the lawsuit at the same time of reversing the original rule.
188. The people's court of second instance may directly render judgment and ruling on the following cases on appeal according to the provision of Article 152 of the Civil Procedural Law: 
(1) The cases adjudicated not to accept in first trial, dismiss the lawsuit and object to the jurisdiction;
(2) The cases whose litigants' appeal claims are evidently unacceptable;
(3) The cases with clear facts ascertained by the original judgment but with wrong applicable law; and
(4) The cases to be remanded for new trials because the original judgment violates the legal proceedings, which may affect the correct judgment of the case. 
189. The people's court may directly deem the legal person or other organization after the split as the coparties in the procedure of second instance and the legal person or other organization as litigants in split.  The people's court may directly deem the legal person or other organization after amalgamation as the litigants and it is not necessary for the people's court to remand the case for a new trial. 
190. The litigant applying for withdrawing his appeal in the procedure of second trial, the people's court shall not permit him to withdraw his appeal when it thinks the first judgment wrong after review or both parties colluding to impair the interests of the state and the collectives, the public interests and other's legitimate rights. 
191. If both parities come to the reconciliation agreement in second instance, the people's court may investigate the reconciliation agreement and make the mediation paper to serve the parties.  The people's court shall permit the litigants to withdraw the appeals for reconciliation after reviewing the claims in line with the requirements for withdrawing the appeals. 
192. Upon pronouncement of the judgment, the people's court of second instance may pronounce by itself or may entrust the original people's court or the local people's court in the place of domicile of the litigants to pronounce for it.
 
【法规标题】最高人民法院《关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉若干问题的意见》(附英文)(四)
【发文字号】法发(1992)22号
【颁布日期】1992-07-14
【实施日期】1992-07-14
【失效日期】
【颁布单位】最高人民法院
【时效性】
【时效性说明】
　

【全文】
 
最高人民法院《关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉若干问题的意见》(附英文)(四)
 
 

中华法律网之参考编号: 120-19922236

  
　


九、第一审普通程序
    １３９、起诉不符合受理条件的，人民法院应当裁定不予受理。立案后发现起诉不符合受理条件的，裁定驳回起诉。
    不予受理的裁定书由负责审查立案的审判员、书记员署名；驳回起诉的裁定书由负责审理该案的审判员、书记员署名。
    １４０、当事人在诉状中有谩骂和人身攻击之词，送达副本可能引起矛盾激化，不利于案件解决的，人民法院应当说服其实事求是地修改。坚持不改的，可以送达起诉状副本。
    １４１、对本院没有管辖权的案件，告知原告向有管辖权的人民法院起诉；原告坚持起诉的，裁定不予受理；立案后发现本院没有管辖权的，应当将案件移送有管辖权的人民法院。
    １４２、裁定不予受理、驳回起诉的案件，原告再次起诉的，如果符合起诉条件，人民法院应予受理。
    １４３、原告应当预交而未预交案件受理费，人民法院应当通知其预交，通知后仍不预交或者申请减、缓、免未获人民法院批准而仍不预交的，裁定按自动撤诉处理。
    １４４、当事人撤诉或人民法院按撤诉处理后，当事人以同一诉讼请求再次起诉的，人民法院应予受理。
    原告撤诉或者按撤诉处理的离婚案件，没有新情况、新理由，六个月内又起诉的，可比照民事诉讼法第一百一十一条第（七）项的规定不予受理。
    １４５、依照民事诉讼法第一百一十一条第（二）项的规定，当事人在书面合同中订有仲裁条款，或者在发生纠纷后达成书面仲裁协议，一方向人民法院起诉的，人民法院裁定不予受理，告知原告向仲裁机构申请仲裁。但仲裁条款、仲裁协议无效、失效或者内容不明确无法执行的除外。
    １４６、当事人在仲裁条款或协议中选择的仲裁机构不存在，或者选择裁决的事项超越仲裁机构权限的，人民法院有权依法受理当事人一方的起诉。
    １４７、因仲裁条款或协议无效、失效或者内容不明确，无法执行而受理的民事诉讼，如果被告一方对人民法院管辖权提出异议的，受诉人民法院应就管辖权作出裁定。
    １４８、当事人一方向人民法院起诉时未声明有仲裁协议，人民法院受理后，对方当事人又应诉答辩的，视为该人民法院有管辖权。
    １４９、病员及其亲属对医疗事故技术鉴定委员会作出的医疗事故结论没有意见，仅要求医疗单位就医疗事故赔偿经济损失向人民法院提起诉讼的，应予受理。
    １５０、判决不准离婚、调解和好的离婚案件以及判决、调解维持收养关系的案件的被告向人民法院起诉的，不受民事诉讼法第一百一十一条第（七）项规定的条件限制。
    １５１、夫妻一方下落不明，另一方诉至人民法院，只要求离婚，不申请宣告下落不明人失踪或死亡的案件，人民法院应当受理，对下落不明人用公告送达诉讼文书。
    １５２、赡养费、扶养费、抚育费案件，裁判发生法律效力后，因新情况、新理由，一方当事人再行起诉要求增加或减少费用的，人民法院应作为新案受理。
    １５３、当事人超过诉讼时效期间起诉的，人民法院应予受理。受理后查明无中止、中断、延长事由的，判决驳回其诉讼请求。
    １５４、民事诉讼法第六十六条、第一百二十条所指的商业秘密，主要是指技术秘密、商业情报及信息等，如生产工艺、配方、贸易联系、购销渠道等当事人不愿公开的工商业秘密。
    １５５、人民法院按照普通程序审理案件，应当在开庭三日前用传票传唤当事人。对诉讼代理人、证人、鉴定人、勘验人、翻译人员应当用通知书通知其到庭。当事人或其他诉讼参与人在外地的，应留有必要的在途时间。
    １５６、在案件受理后，法庭辩论结束前，原告增加诉讼请求，被告提出反诉，第三人提出与本案有关的诉讼请求，可以合并审理的，人民法院应当合并审理。
    １５７、无民事行为能力人的离婚诉讼，当事人的法定代理人应当到庭；法定代理人不能到庭的，人民法院应当在查清事实的基础上，依法作出判决。
    １５８、无民事行为能力的当事人的法定代理人，经传票传唤无正当理由拒不到庭的，如属原告方，可以比照民事诉讼法第一百二十九条的规定，按撤诉处理；如属被告方，可以比照民事诉讼法第一百三十条的规定，缺席判决。
    １５９、有独立请求权的第三人经人民法院传票传唤，无正当理由拒不到庭的，或者未经法庭许可中途退庭的，可以对该第三人比照民事诉讼法第一百二十九条的规定，按撤诉处理。
    １６０、有独立请求权的第三人参加诉讼后，原告申请撤诉，人民法院在准许原告撤诉后，有独立请求权的第三人作为另案原告，原案原告、被告作为另案被告，诉讼另行进行。
    １６１、当事人申请撤诉或者依法可以按撤诉处理的案件，如果当事人有违反法律的行为需要依法处理的，人民法院可以不准撤诉或者不按撤诉处理。
    １６２、无独立请求权的第三人经人民法院传票传唤，无正当理由拒不到庭，或者未经法庭许可中途退庭的，不影响案件的审理。人民法院判决承担民事责任的无独立请求权的第三人，有权提起上诉。
    １６３、一审宣判后，原审人民法院发现判决有错误，当事人在上诉期内提出上诉的，原审人民法院可以提出原判决有错误的意见，报送第二审人民法院，由第二审人民法院按照第二审程序进行审理；当事人不上诉的，按照审判监督程序处理。
    １６４、民事诉讼法第一百三十五条规定的审限，是指从立案的次日起至裁判宣告、调解书送达之日止的期间，但公告期间、鉴定期间、审理当事人提出的管辖权异议以及处理人民法院之间的管辖争议期间不应计算在内。
    １６５、一审判决书和可以上诉的裁定书不能同时送达双方当事人的，上诉期从各自收到判决书、裁定书的次日起计算。
    １６６、民事诉讼法第一百四十条第一款第（七）项中的笔误是指法律文书误写、误算，诉讼费用漏写、误算和其他笔误。
    １６７、裁定中止诉讼的原因消除，恢复诉讼程序时，不必撤销原裁定，从人民法院通知或准许当事人双方继续进行诉讼时起，中止诉讼的裁定即失去效力。
十、简易程序
    １６８、民事诉讼法第一百四十二条规定的简单民事案件中的"事实清楚"，是指当事人双方对争议的事实陈述基本一致，并能提供可靠的证据，无须人民法院调查收集证据即可判明事实、分清是非；"权利义务关系明确"，是指谁是责任的承担者，谁是权利的享有者，关系明确；"争议不大"，是指当事人对案件的是非、责任以及诉讼标的争执无原则分歧。
    １６９、起诉时被告下落不明的案件，不得适用简易程序审理。
    １７０、适用简易程序审理的案件，审理期限不得延长。在审理过程中，发现案情复杂，需要转为普通程序审理的，可以转为普通程序，由合议庭进行审理，并及时通知双方当事人。审理期限从立案的次日起计算。
    １７１、已经按照普通程序审理的案件，在审理过程中无论是否发生了情况变化，都不得改用简易程序审理。
    １７２、适用简易程序审理案件，人民法院应当将起诉内容，用口头或书面方式告知被告，用口头或者其他简便方式传唤当事人、证人，由审判员独任审判，书记员担任记录，不得自审自记。判决结案的，应当依照民事诉讼法第一百三十四条的规定公开宣判。
    １７３、人民法庭制作的判决书、裁定书、调解书，必须加盖基层人民法院印章，不得用人民法庭的印章代替基层人民法院的印章。
    １７４、发回重审和按照审判监督程序再审的案件，不得适用简易程序审理。
    １７５、适用简易程序审理案件，卷宗中应当具备以下材料：（１）诉状或者口头起诉笔录；（２）答辩状或者口头答辩笔录；（３）委托他人代理诉讼的要有授权委托书；（４）必要的证据；（５）询问当事人笔录；（６）审理（包括调解）笔录；（７）判决书、调解书、裁定书，或者调解协议；（８）送达和宣判笔录；（９）执行情况；（１０）诉讼费收据。
十一、第二审程序
    １７６、双方当事人和第三人都提出上诉的，均为上诉人。
    １７７、必要共同诉讼人中的一人或者部分人提出上诉的，按下列情况处理：
    （１）该上诉是对与对方当事人之间权利义务分担有意见，不涉及其他共同诉讼人利益的，对方当事人为被上诉人，未上诉的同一方当事人依原审诉讼地位列明；
    （２）该上诉仅对共同诉讼人之间权利义务分担有意见，不涉及对方当事人利益的，未上诉的同一方当事人为被上诉人，对方当事人依原审诉讼地位列明；

    （３）该上诉对双方当事人之间以及共同诉讼人之间权利义务承担有意见的，未提出上诉的其他当事人均为被上诉人。
    １７８、一审宣判时或判决书、裁定书送达时，当事人口头表示上诉的，人民法院应告知其必须在法定上诉期间内提出上诉状。未在法定上诉期间内递交上诉状的，视为未提出上诉。
    １７９、无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人的法定代理人，可以代理当事人提起上诉。
    １８０、第二审人民法院依照民事诉讼法第一百五十一条的规定，对上诉人上诉请求的有关事实和适用法律进行审查时，如果发现在上诉请求以外原判确有错误的，也应予以纠正。
    １８１、第二审人民法院发现第一审人民法院有下列违反法定程序的情形之一，可能影响案件正确判决的，应依照民事诉讼法第一百五十三条第一款第（四）项的规定，裁定撤销原判，发回原审人民法院重审：
    （１）审理本案的审判人员、书记员应当回避未回避的；
    （２）未经开庭审理而作出判决的；
    （３）适用普通程序审理的案件当事人未经传票传唤而缺席判决的；
    （４）其他严重违反法定程序的。
    １８２、对当事人在一审中已经提出的诉讼请求，原审人民法院未作审理、判决的，第二审人民法院可以根据当事人自愿的原则进行调解，调解不成的，发回重审。
    １８３、必须参加诉讼的当事人在一审中未参加诉讼，第二审人民法院可以根据当事人自愿的原则予以调解，调解不成的，发回重审。发回重审的裁定书不列应当追加的当事人。
    １８４、在第二审程序中，原审原告增加独立的诉讼请求或原审被告提出反诉的，第二审人民法院可以根据当事人自愿的原则就新增加的诉讼请求或反诉进行调解，调解不成的，告知当事人另行起诉。
    １８５、一审判决不准离婚的案件，上诉后，第二审人民法院认为应当判决离婚的，可以根据当事人自愿的原则，与子女抚养、财产问题一并调解，调解不成的，发回重审。
    １８６、人民法院依照第二审程序审理的案件，认为依法不应由人民法院受理的，可以由第二审人民法院直接裁定撤销原判，驳回起诉。
    １８７、第二审人民法院查明第一审人民法院作出的不予受理裁定有错误的，应在撤销原裁定的同时，指令第一审人民法院立案受理；查明第一审人民法院作出的驳回起诉裁定有错误的，应在撤销原裁定的同时，指令第一审人民法院进行审理。
    １８８、第二审人民法院对下列上诉案件，可以依照民事诉讼法第一百五十二条的规定迳行判决、裁定：
    （１）一审就不予受理、驳回起诉和管辖权异议作出裁定的案件；
    （２）当事人提出的上诉请求明显不能成立的案件；
    （３）原审裁判认定事实清楚，但适用法律错误的案件；
    （４）原判决违反法定程序，可能影响案件正确判决，需要发回重审的案件。
    １８９、在第二审程序中，作为当事人的法人或者其他组织分立的，人民法院可以直接将分立后的法人或者其他组织列为共同诉讼人；合并的，将合并后的法人或者其他组织列为当事人。不必将案件发还原审人民法院重审。
    １９０、在第二审程序中，当事人申请撤回上诉，人民法院经审查认为一审判决确有错误，或者双方当事人串通损害国家和集体利益、社会公共利益及他人合法权益的，不应准许。
    １９１、当事人在二审中达成和解协议的，人民法院可以根据当事人的请求，对双方达成的和解协议进行审查并制作调解书送达当事人；因和解而申请撤诉，经审查符合撤诉条件的，人民法院应予准许。
    １９２、第二审人民法院宣告判决可以自行宣判，也可以委托原审人民法院或者当事人所在地人民法院代行宣判。
　
 
【Title】Opinions (V) of the Supreme People's Court on the Issues of the Application of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China
【Document No.】
【Promulgation Date】1992-07-14
【Effective Date】1992-07-14
【Repealed Date】
【Promulgation Body】The Supreme People's Court
【Status】
【Status Description】
　

【Full Text】
 
Opinions (V) of the Supreme People's Court on the Issues of the Application of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China
  
 

Isinolaw Reference ID: 120-19922237

  
　

XII. Special procedure
193. The interested person of the litigant advancing that the litigant suffers mental disease in the lawsuit and asking to declare the person of no civil disposition capacity or with qualified civil capacity shall submit an application with the people's court.  The people's court accepting the application shall handle it in the special procedure and suspend the original lawsuit.
194. For the case for declaring the disappearance or death, the people's court may check up the property of the missing person and designate the administrator during the time periods of the action according to the claims of the applicant.  Upon expiry of the announcement for declaring the disappearance of the missing person, the people's court shall designate the administrator according to the provision of Paragraph 1 Article 21 of the General Principles of the Civil Law.  
195. The people's court may handle the application of the administrator of the missing person designated by the people's court for changing the administration according to the relative provisions of the special procedure of the Civil Procedure Law.  In case of reasonable application, the people's court may judge to rescind the administrator's status of the applicant and designate another administrator at the same time; In case of unreasonable application, the people's court may deny the application.  When other interested persons of the missing person apply for changing the administration, the people's court shall inform the administrator previously designated by the people's court as the defendant and handle the application in general procedure. 
196. After the people's court has judged to declare the disappear of the citizen and the interested persons apply to the people's court for declaring the death of the missing person when the disappearance has lasted for full four years, the people's court shall accept the application.  The judgment to declare the disappearance shall be deemed as the proof of the missing of the citizen and the people's court shall declare as per the provision of Article 168 of the Civil Procedure Law. 
197. For the case of holding properties unclaimed in which someone claims for the property in the duration of public notice, the people's court shall rule to terminate the special procedures and inform the applicant to file a separate appeal that is to be handled in the general procedure. 
198. The guardian designated refusing to comply with the designation shall file an appeal with the people's court within thirty days from the next day of receiving the notice.  The people's court shall deny the appeal if deeming the designation proper after review.  The people's court shall rule to rescind the designation if deeming the designation improper and designate another person as the guardian.  The court verdict shall be served to the indicter, the original designating unit and the guardian designated by the verdict. 

XIII. Procedure for trial supervision
199. The presidents of all levels of people's courts discovering the validated judgments and rulings of their courts wrong shall rule to suspend the enforcement of the original judgements and rules for the retrial determined by the discussion of the judicial committee. 
200. The Supreme People's Court discovering the validated judgments and rulings of all levels of people's courts wrong and the higher people's courts discovering the validated judgments and rulings of the lower people's courts wrong shall, in the ruling for review or ordering the lower people's court to retry, state suspension of the enforcement of the original judgments and rulings.  In case of emergency, they may inform the executive people's court orally of the ruling of suspending the enforcement but they shall issue the ruling in writing within ten days of the oral notice. 
201. The people's court for the retrial and review of the cases determined to retry or review according to the procedure for trial supervision shall determine whether to reverse, amend or maintain the original judgments and rulings in the new judgment and ruling in writing.  In case of coming to the mediation agreement and after the service of the mediation paper, the original judgments and rulings shall be deemed to rescind. 
202. For the cases to be judged and ruled by the people's court of second instance, if the higher people's court needs to instruct retrial, it shall instruct the people's court of second instance to retry the cases. 
203. The statutory agent for the person of no civil disposition capacity and the person with qualified civil capacity may institute the appeal on behalf of his litigant for retrial. 
204. The litigant shall put forward the application for retrial of the validated mediation paper within two years after the validation of the mediation paper as per the provision of Article 182 of the Civil Procedure Law.
205. The litigant may apply to the people's court of original trial for retrial or may apply to the higher people's court for retrial.  In case of applying to the higher people's court for retrial, the higher people's court may order the lower people's court to retry the case or may review by itself if deeming the application for trial in line with the requirements of Article 179 of the Civil Procedure Law. 
206. After receiving the litigant's application for trial, the people's court shall examine the original case and shall rule to suspend the enforcement of the original judgment after placing the case on file if thinking the application in line with the requirements of Article 179 of the Civil Procedure Law and inform both parties in time.  The people's court may deny the application in written notice if thinking the application out of line with the requirements of Article 179 of the Civil Procedure Law. 
207. The litigant involved in the cases handled as per the proceedings for supervising and urging the clearance of debt, procedures of public summons for exhortation and enterprise' bankruptcy liquidating procedures and the cases judged to maintain the original judgment after retrial according to the procedure for trial supervision shall not apply for retrial. 
208. The litigant may apply for retrial of the ruling to deny and dismiss the appeal. 
209. If the problem of partition in the divorce case applied by the litigant for retrial is relative to the property divided in the judgment, the people's court shall examine it as per the provision of Article 179 of the Civil Procedure Law and put the appeal on file in line with the requirements for retrial.  If the problem of partition is relative to the community property undivided in the judgment, the people's court shall inform the litigant to lodge lawsuit in a separate case. 
210. In case of discovering the judgment of first and second instances for the cases, which are reviewed or retried as per the procedure of second instance, in violation of the legal proceedings, the people's court shall handle with it in different circumstances:
(1) If deeming the cases fall short of the acceptance requirements stipulated by the Civil Procedure Law, it may rule to reverse the judgment of first and second instances and deny the lawsuit. 
(2) It may remand the case to the people's court of first instance if the case contains the circumstances violating the legal proceedings stipulated by Article 181 of these Guidelines that may affect the correct judgment and rule in writing of the case. 
211. In case of discovering the litigant due to take part omitted in the judgment of first and second instances of the case retried in procedure for trial supervision, the people's court may carry out mediation in the principle of the litigants' voluntariness.  In case of failure in the mediation, the people's court may rule to reverse the judgment of first and second instances and remand the case to the people's court of first instance for retrial. 
212. Two years mentioned in Article 182 of the Civil Procedure Law is the fixed term starting from the next day to the effective date of the judgment and ruling in writing. 
213. The case of retrial as per the procedure of first instance or procedure of second instance shall be subject to the time limit for concluding a trial stipulated in Article 135 and Article 159 of the Civil Procedure Law.  The time limit for concluding a trial starts from the next day of the determination for retrial. 
214. The provision of Article 192 in these Opinions is applicable for the procedure for trial supervision. 

XIV. Proceedings for supervising and urging the clearance of debt
215. The people's court shall accept the creditor's application for the order of payment according with the following conditions and inform the creditor within five days after receiving the application: 
(1) Applying for performing the negotiable securities such as the money, bill of exchange, promissory note, check and share, bond, treasury bill and alienable deposit ticket, etc.;
(2) Applying for performing the money or mature negotiable securities with affirmatory amount stated with the ground facts and evidences of the claims;
(3) The creditor has no obligations for reciprocal payment against delivery; and
(4) The order of payment can be served on the debtor. 
The people's court may inform the applicant of not accepting his application falling short of the above-mentioned conditions. 
216. After accepting such application, the people's court may send one judge to examine it.  In case of the application examined untenable, the people's court shall rule to deny the application and the ruling in writing shall not be appealed. 
217. In the event that the applicant withdraws his application before the issuing of the order of payment, the people's court shall rule to terminate the proceedings for supervising and urging the clearance of debt. 
218. The case in which the creditor is not at home or his whereabouts inside China territory unknown shall not be subject to the proceedings for supervising and urging the clearance of debt. 
219. The order of payment shall state the following items: 
(1) The basic information such as the creditor, the name or title of the creditor;
(2) The types and amount of the money or negotiable security to be paid by the debtor;
(3) Time limit for paying off the debts or lodging an objection; and
(4) The legal consequences for the debtor who fails to lodge an objection within the statutory period;
The order of payment shall be signed by the judge and the engrossment clerk stamped with the seal of the people's court. 
220. In case of the debtor refusing to accept the order of payment serviced, the people's court may service by leaving rejected legal processes at the place of abode of the debtor. 
221. When the debtor lodges a written objection within the statutory period, the people's court has not to examine whether the objection is reasonable and shall directly rule to terminate the proceedings for supervising and urging the clearance of debt according to Article 192 of the Civil Procedure Law.  The debtor's objection will not affect the effect of the order of payment if he just file objection upon the debts and upon his deficiency of liquidity. 
The oral objection of the debtor is deemed void. 
222. The ruling in writing to dismiss the application for order of payment according to Article 191 of the Civil Procedure Law and the ruling in writing to terminate the proceedings for supervising and urging the clearance of debt according to Article 192 of the Civil Procedure Law shall be signed by the judge and the engrossment clerk stamped with the seal of the people's court.
223. The effect of the order of payment will not be affected if the debtor does not lodge an objection within the statutory period but lodge an appeal with other people's court after receiving the order of payment. 
224. The people's court with jurisdiction shall accept the appeal lodged by the creditor after the termination of the proceedings for supervising and urging the clearance of debt. 
225. The time limit for the creditor to apply for the order of payment to the people's court shall be subject to the provision of Article 219 of the Civil Procedure Law. 

XV. Procedure of public summons for exhortation
226. The holder of a bill mentioned in Article 193 of the Civil Procedure Law refers to the final holder of the bill before being stolen, missed or lost. 
227. The people's court shall examine the application immediately after it receives the application for procedure of public summons for exhortation and decide whether to accept.  It may notice to accept and inform the payer to cease the payment if thinking the application falls in line with the conditions for acceptance.  It may rule to dismiss the application within seven days if thinking the application falls short of the conditions for acceptance.
228. The public notice issued by the people's court to accept the application according to Article 194 of the Civil Procedure Law shall state the following contents: 
(1) Name or title of the applicant of the public summons for exhortation;
(2) Type of bill, par value, drawer, holder and endorser, etc.;
(3) Duration for claim of rights; and
(4) The legal consequences for the interested person who fails to claim for rights to transfer the rights of the bill within the duration for claim of rights;
229. The public notice shall be posted in the bulletin column of the people's court and published in relative newspaper or other propaganda media.  If there is stock exchange, the public notice shall be posted to the stock exchange. 
230. The people's court shall rule to terminate the procedure of public summons for exhortation if the interested person claims for rights within the duration for claim of rights.  The people's court shall rule to terminate the procedure of public summons for exhortation as well if the interested person claims for rights after the expiry of the duration for claim of rights and before the judgment. 
231. The people's court shall inform the interested person claiming for his rights to present the bill to the court and inform the applicant of the public summons for exhortation to examine the bill in the appointed duration.  In case of discrepancy between the bill applied by the applicant of the public summons for exhortation and the bill presented by the interested person, the people's court shall rule to deny the declaration of the interested person. 
232. In case there is no one to claim for right within the duration for claim for right or the claim is denied, the applicant of the public summons for exhortation shall apply to the people's court to make judgment within one month from the next day of the expiry of the duration for claim for right.  In case of the applicant's failure in applying for judgment, the people's court shall terminate the procedure of public summons for exhortation. 
233. The applicant of the public summons for exhortation is entitled to ask for payment to the payer according to the judgment after the validation of the judgment. 
234. The case to be handled in procedure of public summons for exhortation may be handled by only one judge; the case in which the bill is declared invalid shall be handled by the collegial bench. 
235. The applicant of the public summons for exhortation shall put forward withdrawal of his application before the public summons for exhortation.  In case he applies to withdraw within the duration of the public summons for exhortation, the people's court may directly rule to terminate the procedure of public summons for exhortation. 
236. The people's court shall observe the stipulations relating to the property preservation to inform the payer to cease the payments according to Article 194 of the Civil Procedure Law.  The payer refusing to ceasing paying after receiving the notice for suspension of payment shall bear the paying liability after judgment as well as be imposed upon compulsory measures according to Article 102 and Article 103 of the Civil Procedure Law. 
237. The applicant of the public summons for exhortation or the declarant lodges a lawsuit after the people's court has ruled to terminate the procedure of public summons for exhortation according to Article 196 of the Civil Procedure Law, the people's court shall determine the jurisdiction according to Article 27 of the Civil Procedure Law. 
238. The ruling in writing to terminate the procedure of public summons for exhortation according to Article 196 of the Civil Procedure Law shall be signed by the judge and the engrossment clerk stamped with the seal of the people's court. 
239. The interested person files a lawsuit with the people's court according to Article 198 of the Civil Procedure Law, the people's court shall handle the case as the dispute over commercial paper in general procedure.
 
【法规标题】最高人民法院《关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉若干问题的意见》(附英文)(五)
【发文字号】法发(1992)22号
【颁布日期】1992-07-14
【实施日期】1992-07-14
【失效日期】
【颁布单位】最高人民法院
【时效性】
【时效性说明】
　

【全文】
 
最高人民法院《关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉若干问题的意见》(附英文)(五)
 
 

中华法律网之参考编号: 120-19922237

  
　


十二、特别程序
    １９３、在诉讼中，当事人的利害关系人提出该当事人患有精神病，要求宣告该当事人无民事行为能力或限制民事行为能力的，应由利害关系人向人民法院提出申请，由受诉人民法院按照特别程序立案审理，原诉讼中止。
    １９４、宣告失踪或者宣告死亡案件，人民法院可以根据申请人的请求，清理下落不明人的财产，指定诉讼期间的财产管理人。公告期满后，人民法院判决宣告失踪的，应同时依照民法通则第二十一条第一款的规定指定失踪人的财产代管人。
    １９５、失踪人的财产代管人经人民法院指定后，代管人申请变更代管的，比照民事诉讼法特别程序的有关规定进行审理。申请有理的，裁定撤销申请人的代管人身份，同时另行指定财产代管人；申请无理的，裁定驳回申请。失踪人的其他利害关系人申请变更代管的，人民法院应告知其以原指定的代管人为被告起诉，并按普通程序进行审理。
    １９６、人民法院判决宣告公民失踪后，利害关系人向人民法院申请宣告失踪人死亡，从失踪的次日起满四年的，人民法院应当受理，宣告失踪的判决即是该公民失踪的证明，审理中仍应依照民事诉讼法第一百六十八条的规定进行公告。
    １９７、认定财产无主案件，公告期间有人对财产提出请求，人民法院应裁定终结特别程序，告知申请人另行起诉，适用普通程序审理。
    １９８、被指定的监护人不服指定，应当在接到通知的次日起三十日内向人民法院起诉。经审理，认为指定并无不当的，裁定驳回起诉；指定不当的，判决撤销指定，同时另行指定监护人。判决书应送达起诉人、原指定单位及判决指定的监护人。
十三、审判监督程序
    １９９、各级人民法院院长对本院已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，发现确有错误，经审判委员会讨论决定再审的，应当裁定中止原判决、裁定的执行。
    ２００、最高人民法院对地方各级人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，上级人民法院对下级人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，如果发现确有错误，应在提审或者指令下级人民法院再审的裁定中同时写明中止原判决、裁定的执行；情况紧急的，可以将中止执行的裁定口头通知负责执行的人民法院，但应在口头通知后十日内发出裁定书。
    ２０１、按审判监督程序决定再审或提审的案件，由再审或提审的人民法院在作出新的判决、裁定中确定是否撤销、改变或者维持原判决、裁定；达成调解协议的，调解书送达后，原判决、裁定即视为撤销。

    ２０２、由第二审人民法院判决、裁定的案件，上级人民法院需要指令再审的，应当指令第二审人民法院再审。
    ２０３、无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人的法定代理人，可以代理当事人提出再审申请。
    ２０４、当事人对已经发生法律效力的调解书申请再审，适用民事诉讼法第一百八十二条的规定，应在该调解书发生法律效力后二年内提出。
    ２０５、当事人可以向原审人民法院申请再审，也可以向上一级人民法院申请再审。向上一级人民法院申请再审的，上级人民法院经审查认为符合民事诉讼法第一百七十九条规定条件的，可以指令下级人民法院再审，也可以提审。
    ２０６、人民法院接到当事人的再审申请后，应当进行审查。认为符合民事诉讼法第一百七十九条规定的，应当在立案后裁定中止原判决的执行，并及时通知双方当事人；认为不符合第一百七十九条规定的，用通知书驳回申请。
    ２０７、按照督促程序、公示催告程序、企业法人破产还债程序审理的案件以及依照审判监督程序审理后维持原判的案件，当事人不得申请再审。
    ２０８、对不予受理、驳回起诉的裁定，当事人可以申请再审。
    ２０９、当事人就离婚案件中的财产分割问题申请再审的，如涉及判决中已分割的财产，人民法院应依照民事诉讼法第一百七十九的规定进行审查，符合再审条件的，应立案审理；如涉及判决中未作处理的夫妻共同财产，应告知当事人另行起诉。
    ２１０、人民法院提审或按照第二审程序再审的案件，在审理中发现原一、二审判决违反法定程序的，可分别情况处理：
    （１）认为不符合民事诉讼法规定的受理条件的，裁定撤销一、二审判决，驳回起诉。
    （２）具有本意见第１８１条规定的违反法定程序的情况，可能影响案件正确判决、裁定的，裁定撤销一、二审判决，发回原审人民法院重审。
    ２１１、依照审判监督程序再审的案件，人民法院发现原一、二审判决遗漏了应当参加的当事人的，可以根据当事人自愿的原则予以调解，调解不成的，裁定撤销一、二审判决，发回原审人民法院重审。
    ２１２、民事诉讼法第一百八十二条中的二年为不变期间，自判决、裁定发生法律效力次日起计算。
    ２１３、再审案件按照第一审程序或者第二审程序审理的，适用民事诉讼法第一百三十五条、第一百五十九条规定的审限。审限自决定再审的次日起计算。
    ２１４、本意见第１９２条的规定适用于审判监督程序。
十四、督促程序
    ２１５、债权人向人民法院申请支付令，符合下列条件的，人民法院应予受理，并在收到申请后五日内通知债权人：
    （１）请求给付金钱或汇票、本票、支票以及股票、债券、国库券、可转让的存款单等有价证券的；
    （２）请求给付的金钱或者有价证券已到期且数额确定，并写明了请求所根据的事实、证据的；
    （３）债权人没有对待给付义务的；
    （４）支付令能够送达债务人的。
    不符合上述条件的，通知不予受理。
    ２１６、人民法院受理申请后，由审判员一人进行审查。经审查申请不成立的，应当在十五日内裁定驳回申请，该裁定不得上诉。
    ２１７、在人民法院发出支付令前，申请人撤回申请的，应当裁定终结督促程序。
    ２１８、债务人不在我国境内的，或者虽在我国境内但下落不明的，不适用督促程序。
    ２１９、支付令应记明以下事项：
    （１）债权人、债务人姓名或名称等基本情况；
    （２）债务人应当给付的金钱、有价证券的种类、数量；
    （３）清偿债务或者提出异议的期限；
    （４）债务人在法定期间不提出异议的法律后果。
    支付令由审判员、书记员署名，加盖人民法院印章。
    ２２０、向债务人本人送达支付令，债务人拒绝接收的，人民法院可以留置送达。
    ２２１、依照民事诉讼法第一百九十二条的规定，债务人在法定期间提出书面异议的，人民法院无须审查异议是否有理由，应当直接裁定终结督促程序。债务人对债务本身没有异议，只是提出缺乏清偿能力的，不影响支付令的效力。
    债务人的口头异议无效。
    ２２２、民事诉讼法第一百九十一条驳回支付令申请的裁定书和第一百九十二条终结督促程序的裁定书，由审判员、书记员署名，加盖人民法院印章。
    ２２３、债务人在收到支付令后，不在法定期间提出书面异议，而向其他人民法院起诉的，不影响支付令的效力。
    ２２４、督促程序终结后，债权人起诉的，由有管辖权的人民法院受理。
    ２２５、债权人向人民法院申请执行支付令的期限，适用民事诉讼法第二百一十九条的规定。
十五、公示催告程序
    ２２６、民事诉讼法第一百九十三条规定的票据持有人，是指票据被盗、遗失或者灭失前的最后持有人。
    ２２７、人民法院收到公示催告的申请后，应当立即审查，并决定是否受理。经审查认为符合受理条件的，通知予以受理，并同时通知支付人停止支付；认为不符合受理条件的，七日内裁定驳回申请。
    ２２８、人民法院依照民事诉讼法第一百九十四条规定发出的受理申请的公告，应写明以下内容：
    （１）公示催告申请人的姓名或名称；
    （２）票据的种类、票面金额、发票人、持票人、背书人等；
    （３）申报权利的期间；
    （４）在公示催告期间转让票据权利、利害关系人不申报的法律后果。
    ２２９、公告应张帖于人民法院公告栏内，并在有关报纸或其他宣传媒介上刊登；人民法院所在地有证券交易所的，还应张贴于该交易所。
    ２３０、利害关系人在公示催告期间向人民法院申报权利的，人民法院应当裁定终结公示催告程序。利害关系人在申报期届满后，判决作出之前申报权利的，同样应裁定终结公示催告程序。
    ２３１、利害关系人申报权利，人民法院应通知其向法院出示票据，并通知公示催告申请人在指定的期间察看该票据。公示催告申请人申请公示催告的票据与利害关系人出示的票据不一致的，人民法院应当裁定驳回利害关系人的申报。
    ２３２、在申报权利的期间没有人申报的，或者申报被驳回的，公示催告申请人应自申报权利期间届满的次日起一个月内申请人民法院作出判决。逾期不申请判决的，终结公示催告程序。
    ２３３、判决生效后，公示催告申请人有权依据判决向付款人请求付款。
    ２３４、适用公示催告程序审理案件，可由审判员一人独任审理；判决宣告票据无效的，应当组成合议庭审理。
    ２３５、公示催告申请人撤回申请，应在公示催告前提出；公示催告期间申请撤回的，人民法院可以迳行裁定终结公示催告程序。
    ２３６、人民法院依照民事诉讼法第一百九十四条规定通知支付人停止支付，应符合有关财产保全的规定。支付人收到停止支付通知后拒不止付的，除可依照民事诉讼法第一百零二条、第一百零三条规定采取强制措施外，在判决后，支付人仍应承担支付义务。
    ２３７、人民法院依据民事诉讼法第一百九十六条规定终结公示催告程序后，公示催告申请人或者申报人向人民法院提起诉讼的，依照民事诉讼法第二十七条的规定确定管辖。
    ２３８、民事诉讼法第一百九十六条终结公示催告程序的裁定书，由审判员、书记员署名，加盖人民法院印章。
    ２３９、依照民事诉讼法第一百九十八条的规定，利害关系人向人民法院起诉的，人民法院可按票据纠纷适用普通程序审理。

　
 
【Title】Opinions (VI) of the Supreme the People's Court on the Issues the Application of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China
【Document No.】
【Promulgation Date】1992-07-14
【Effective Date】1992-07-14
【Repealed Date】
【Promulgation Body】The Supreme People's Court
【Status】
【Status Description】
　

【Full Text】
 
Opinions (VI) of the Supreme the People's Court on the Issues the Application of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China
  
 

Isinolaw Reference ID: 120-19922238

  
　

16. Procedure on bankruptcy and liquidation of an enterprise with status of legal person
240. The collective enterprise, jointly operated enterprise, private enterprise and Chinese-foreign equity joint venture, Chinese-foreign contractual joint venture and wholly foreign-owned enterprise that are established in China with status of legal person are applicable for the procedure on bankruptcy and liquidation of enterprise with status of legal person.
If the jointed parties in the jointly operated enterprise is owned by the whole people, the bankruptcy shall not be subject to this procedure.
241. According to the estate under mortgage and other collaterals, the creditor enjoys the priority of compensation.  The mortgagee and other guarantee creditors asking for the priority of compensation after the case of bankruptcy liquidation handled and before the bankruptcy declaration shall be permitted by the people's court.
In case that the estate under mortgage and other collaterals is insufficient to pay for the debts, the balance shall be listed as the credit of bankrupt. 
242. After accepting the bankruptcy case, the people's court shall set up collegial bench to handle the case. 
243. According to Article 200 of the Civil Procedure Law, the people's court shall publish the bankruptcy notice in newspapers covering the following contents:
(1) Date of placing a case on file;
(2) The debtor in the bankruptcy case;
(3) Duration and place of claim for creditor's right and the legal consequences of not claim overdue; and
(4) The date and place for holding the first creditors council. 
244. The procedure of other civil enforcement and the procedure of property preservation shall be suspended after the people's court has accepted the bankruptcy case.
245. After accepting the bankruptcy case, the people 's court shall timely inform the opening bank of the debtor to suspend handling the settlement business of the debtor.  The opening bank shall be permitted by the people' court to pay for the necessary cost to the debtor for maintaining the normal production and operation.
246. If the people's court sets up the bankruptcy liquidation group according to the Article 201 of the Civil Procedure Law, the disposal and distribution planning for the insolvent properties shall be worked out by the bankruptcy liquidation group and be adopted by the creditors council and reported to the people's court for ruling before enforcement. 
247. The disposal and distribution planning for the insolvent properties adopted by the creditors council shall be passed by more than half of the creditors presenting the council with voting rights and with more than half of the total amount of creditor's rights among the credit free from property security.  The reconciliation agreement shall be agreed on by more than two thirds of the total amount of creditor's right among the creditor's right free from property security.
248. The reconciliation agreement stipulated by Article 200 of the Civil Procedure Law shall cover the following items: 
(1) Property resources to clear off the debts;
(2) Methods of clearing off the debts; and
(3) Time limit for clearing off the debts.
249. In the course of keeping, liquidating, evaluating, disposing of and distributing the insolvent properties, the bankruptcy liquidation group shall take responsibility to the people's court and report work to it and accept the supervision of the people's court and the creditors council. 
250. After the distribution of insolvent property, the bankruptcy liquidation group shall apply to the people' court for ruling to terminate the bankruptcy proceedings.  After the termination of the bankruptcy proceedings, the creditor ' right unpaid shall not be paid again.
251. After the termination of the bankruptcy proceedings, the bankruptcy liquidation group shall handle the write-off register to the original registrar of the bankruptcy enterprise. 
252. All the cases of bankruptcy liquidation shall be conducted in the form of ruling.  Except for the ruling of dismissing the bankruptcy application, the litigant shall not file an appeal to other rulings. 
253. When handling the case of bankruptcy liquidation, the people's court can make reference to the relevant provisions of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Enterprise Bankruptcy (for Trial Implementation) in addition to the application of the provisions in Chapter 19 of the Civil Procedure Law.

17. Procedure of enforcement 
254. The subject of the compulsory enforcement shall be property or act.  If the litigant refuses to perform the validated judgment, ruling in writing, mediation paper and order of payment, the people' court shall dispatch the notice of enforcement to the litigant.  If the person against whom a judgment or ruling is being executed still refuses to perform within the period specified in the notice of enforcement, the people' court shall carry out the compulsory enforcement.
255. The people' court working out the order of payment shall be liable for the enforcement of the validated order of payment.
256. According to Paragraph 2 Article 207 of the Civil Procedure Law, other legal documents executed by the people' court shall include the arbitral award and notarized instruments of the creditor's right. 
Other legal documents shall be executed by the people's court in the place of residence of the person against whom a judgment or ruling is being executed or in the place of the locality of property of the person against whom a judgment or ruling is executed.  If the litigant applies for enforcement to the above-said people' courts separately, it shall be executed by the people' court that accepts the applicant first.
257. Suspension of enforcement stipulated in Article 208 of the Civil Procedure Law shall be limited within the property range against which an objection is filed stipulated by this Article.  The enforcement for other properties of the person against whom a judgment or ruling is being executed shall not be suspended.  The people's court shall inform to deny the objection whose ground is not established. 
258. When executing the judgment, ruling in writing and mediation paper, the enforcing staff finding mistakes in them shall raise opinion in writing and submit to the president of the court for investigation and disposition.  When executing the judgment, ruling in writing and mediation paper of the higher the people's court, the enforcing staff finding mistakes in them shall raise opinion in writing and submit to the higher the people's court for investigation and disposition after being approved by the president of the court. 
259. The people's court in the place of residence of the person against whom a judgment or ruling is being executed or in the place of the locality may authorize the local the people's court to execute on its behalf and may execute in the locality by itself directly.  When executing directly in the locality, the responsible people's court may request the local the people's court to assist the enforcement.  Local people' court shall assist the enforcement according to the requirements.
260. During the enforcement by entrustment, the entrusting people's court shall present the letter of authorization and validated legal documents in duplicates.  The letter of authorization shall put forward the definite requirements of enforcement.
261. After receiving the letter of authorization, the entrusted people's court is not entitled to substantive investigation to the validated legal documents for enforcement.  The entrusted people's court finding mistakes in the executed legal documents in the course of enforcement shall reflect to the entrusting the people's court in time.
262. The entrusted people's court shall execute strictly according to the regulations in the validated legal document and the requirements of entrusting the people's court.  If the time, term and way for the debtor to perform his debts have to be changed, the entrusted people's court shall get the permission of the enforcement applicant and inform the changes to the entrusting the people's court in time.
263. When the conditions for suspension or termination of enforcement occur, the entrusted people's court shall write to the entrusting the people's court, which shall make ruling.  The entrusted people's court shall not rule to suspend or terminate the enforcement without the permission of the entrusting the people's court. 
264. If the person other than involved in the case objects the executive subjects in the enforcement by entrustment, the entrusted people's court shall write to the entrusting the people's court with the objection.  The entrusting the people's court shall inform to deny the objection or rule to suspend the enforcement.  The enforcement shall be suspended during this period. 
265. According to the Paragraph 2 Article 210 of the Civil Procedure Law, the higher people's court of the entrusted people's court shall instruct the entrusted people's court to execute in written order within five days and notify the case to the entrusting the people's court in time after receiving the enforcement of requirement issued by the entrusting the people's court. 
When receiving the written instruction of the higher the people's court, the entrusted people's court shall execute immediately and report the enforcement to higher the people's court and notify the entrusting the people's court. 
266. In the course of the enforcement, the people's court shall resume the enforcement when one party does not perform or does not completely perform the reconciliation agreement reached by both parties voluntarily and the opposite party applies for enforcing the original validated legal document.  The people's court shall not resume the enforcement when the reconciliation agreement has been performed already. 
267. The application for resuming enforcement of the original legal document shall be subject to the time limit of application for enforcement stipulated in Article 219 of the Civil Procedure Law.  When time limit of the application for enforcement is suspended due to the establishment of the reconciliation agreement during the enforcement, the time limit shall be counted continuously from the last day of the term of performance stated in the reconciliation agreement. 
268. For probation of enforcement determined by the people's court according to the Article 212 of the Civil Procedure Law, if the guaranty has limitation of time, the limitation of probation of enforcement shall be adjusted to the same as the limitation of guaranty, but the longest limitation shall not be more than one year.  If the person against whom a judgment or ruling is being executed transfers, conceals, sells off and impairs the properties guaranteed during the period of probation of enforcement, the people's court may resume the compulsory enforcement. 
269. The enforcement guaranty stipulated in Article 212 of the Civil Procedure Law can be guaranteed by the property offered by the person against whom a judgment or ruling is being executed to the people's court, or guaranteed by the third party.  If the enforcement is guaranteed by property, written pledge shall be submitted to the people's court.  If the enforcement is guaranteed by the third party, letter of guarantee shall be submitted to the people's court.  The guarantor shall have the capacity to perform on behalf or bear the liability for damage on behalf.  
270. If the person against whom a judgment or ruling is being executed still does not perform his duty upon the expiration of time limitation of probation of enforcement determined by the people's court, the people's court may enforce the property guaranteed directly, or rule to execute the property of guarantor.  The enforcement upon the property of guarantor shall be limited to the property with which the guarantor performs his duty. 
271. According to Article 213 of the Civil Procedure Law, the organizations for the legal person or other organization as the persons against whom judgment or ruling are being executed are split or amalgamated during the enforcement, its rights and liabilities shall be born by the changed legal person or other organization.  If the legal person or other organization are recalled with bearer for its rights and liabilities according to substantive law, the people's court may rule the bearer as the persons against whom judgment or ruling are being executed. 
272. When other organization cannot perform the obligation determined in the legal documents during the enforcement, the people' court may rule to execute the properties of the legal person or other organization bearing obligations for such other organization. 
273. When the name of the legal person or other organization as the person against whom a judgment or ruling is being executed is changed during the enforcement, the people's court may adjudicate the changed legal person or other organization as the person against whom a judgment or ruling is being executed.
274. In the event that the heir of the deceased citizen as the person against whom a judgment or ruling is being executed does not renounce his succession, the people's court may adjudge to change the person against whom a judgment or ruling is being executed, and the heir shall pay off the debts within the range of inheritance.  If the heir renounces his succession, the people's court may execute the inheritance of the deceased person against whom a judgment or ruling is being executed directly. 
275. According to law, after the enforcement of other legal documents executed by the people's court is fulfilled, the legal documents recalled by authorities concerned according to law shall be subject to Article 214 of the Civil Procedure Law with the application of the litigant.
276. When the person against whom a judgment or ruling is being executed is enterprise with status of legal person fails to liquidate the matured debt during the enforcement, the people's court may declare bankruptcy of the person against whom a judgment or ruling is being executed as per the application of the creditor or the debtor according to law.
277. If part of the matters adjudicated by the arbitration organization are covered by the range of the arbitral agreement and part of the matters is beyond the range of the arbitral agreement, the people's court shall adjudge non-enforcement for the part beyond the range of the arbitral agreement.
278. According to the Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3 Article 217 of the Civil Procedure Law, the litigants may re-conclude the written arbitral agreement to apply for arbitration, or file a lawsuit with the people's court after the people's court adjudges non-enforcement of the arbitral award. 
279. The people's court shall dispatch the notice of enforcement stipulated in the Article 220 of the Civil Procedure Law within ten days after receiving the application for enforcement.  The notice of enforcement shall not only order the person against whom a judgment or ruling is being executed to perform the obligations determined by the legal documents, but also inform his to bear the interests for delay of performance or the surcharge for delay of performance stipulated by Article 232 of the Civil Procedure Law.
280. The people's court may inquire, freeze, and appropriate the deposit of the person against whom a judgment or ruling is being executed directly from the bank, surbranches of bank, savings bank, credit cooperative and other units with deposit operations.  The people's court in other place may directly inquiry, freeze and appropriate the deposit of the person against whom a judgment or ruling is being executed for his performance of the repaying obligations from the bank, surbranches of bank, savings bank, credit cooperative and other units with deposit operations in the place of residence of the person against whom a judgment or ruling is being executed or in the place of the locality of executed property without presenting the formalities of the local people's court.
281. When it's necessary for the people's court to sell of the property of the person against whom a judgment or ruling is being executed during the enforcement, the people's court may deliver it to the authority concerned for selling-off, or sell off the property directly.  If the property is sold off by the people's court directly, the people's court shall inquiry the authority concerned about price before the selling off and the price shall be fair and reasonable. 
The people's court or its working staff shall purchase or receive the sold-off property.
282. During the enforcement, any authority including other people's courts shall not re-attach, freeze or defreeze the property of the person against whom a judgment or ruling is being executed attached or frozen by the people's court according to the Article 221 and Article 223 of the Civil Procedure Law without authorization.  The violating party shall be handled according to Article 101 of the Civil Procedure Law. If the executed property may not satisfy all the demands for liquidation of the person who applies for enforcement, the people's court may handle the executed property according to the provision of Article 204 of the Civil Procedure Law.
283. According to Article 231 of the Civil Procedure Law, the litigant does not perform the duty determined in the legal documents.  If this duty shall only be fulfilled by the person against whom a judgment or ruling is being executed, the people' court shall handle the case according to the Item 6 Paragraph 2 Article 102 of the Civil Procedure Law.  
284. The people's court shall execute the original subjects when the executive subjects are special objects.  It may compensate by converting the original subjects not existing any more into money. 
285. In the course of enforcement, if the person against whom a judgment or ruling is being executed conceals the property, the people's court may handle the case according to Article 102 of the Civil Procedure Law, and may simultaneously order the person to hand in the concealed property or compensate by discounting.  If the person refuse to hand in the property or compensate, the people's court may compel to execute other properties of the person according to the value of the executed property, or recover the concealed property in the searching measure.
286. According to Article 227 of the Civil Procedure Law, the people' court shall fall in line with the following requirements before searching the person against whom a judgment or ruling is being executed and his place of domicile or the hiding place of property:
(1) The deadline for performance determined by the legal documents has expired;
(2) The person against whom a judgment or ruling is being executed does not perform its obligations determined by the legal documents;
(3) Thinking such person with the act of concealing his property. 
The search personnel shall put on the clothes as per the regulations and present their search warrants and identification cards. 
287. The immaterial persons are forbidden to enter the scene of searching when the people' court carries out the searching. If the object for search is a citizen, the person against whom a judgment or ruling is being executed or his grown-up family members and the grass-rooted organization shall be informed to send persons to the scene of searching.  If the object for search is juridical person or other organization, the legal representative or principal person in charge shall be presented at the scene. If the object for search has the governing department, the person concerned in the governing department shall be informed to be present to the scene of search.  The person refusing to be present will not influence the search. 
The search of the women's bodies shall be done by the female executive personnel. 
288. In the course of search, the property discovered to be detained according to law shall be handled as per Paragraph 2 Article 224 and Article 226 of the Civil Procedure Law. 
289. The transcript of search recorded during the course of search shall be signed or sealed by the search stuff, the person searched or other persons on the spot.  If they refuse to sign or seal, it shall be recorded in the transcript of search.
290. After the people' court sends out the notice of assistance enforcement, the juridical person or other organization holding the legal documents calling for them to delivering the property or coupons refusing to transmit shall be handled and executed in compulsion according to Article 103 of the Civil Procedure Law. 
291. When the unit concerned and individual destroy or loss the legal documents calling for them to delivering the property or coupons held by them for their own faults, the people' count may order the holder to compensate.  The people's court may carry out compulsory enforcement to the unit or individual refusing to compensate according the value of the executed property or coupons. 
292. In the course of enforcement, it's necessary for the people' court to arrange the transfer formalities for the property ownership such as the house title deed, land certificate, certificate for the ownership of mountain forest, trademark certificate and vehicle licenses, etc., the people's court may handle them according to Article 230 of the Civil Procedure Law. 
293. If the performance is delayed by the executed person, the interests for delay of performance or the surcharge for delay of performance shall be counted from the next day upon the expiration of time limitation of probation of enforcement determined by the legal documents.
294. The interest of debt double paid for the delay of performance according to the Article 232 of the Civil Procedure Law refers to doubling the interests on the base of debt interest calculated with the highest interest rate of the bank loan in the same phase.
295. The executed person failing in perform his non-money payment obligations stipulated by the judgment, ruling in writing and other legal documents within the executive period shall pay for the surcharge for delay of performance whether or not causing losses to the enforcement applicant.  The executed person causing losses shall compensate in doubled value to the enforcement applicant.  The surcharge for delay of performance for the executed person not causing losses shall be determined by the people's court as per the concrete case facts. 
296. The creditor's request to the people's court for continuos enforcement according to Article 233 of the Civil Procedure Law is not limited by the time limit stipulated by Article 219 of the Civil Procedure Law. 
297. After the enforcement procedure begins, if the executed person is a citizen or other organization, the other executive basis gained by the executed person or the creditor having prosecuted to the people's court discovers the property of the person may not pay off all creditor's rights, the creditor may apply for participating in the distribution to the people's court. 
298. The applicator applying for participating in the distribution shall submit written application stating the facts and reasons for participating in the distribution and the fact that the person against whom a judgment or ruling is being executed may not pay off all the creditor's rights attached with the executive basis as well. 
The application for participating in the distribution shall be submitted after the enforcement procedure begins and before the property of the person against whom a judgment or ruling is being executed be paid off.
　

299. Where the creditors have become entitled to execute against the debtor's estate and have applied to distribute the same, and if the debtor is a citizen or an organization, the property of the debtor shall be paid off in accordance with the provision of Article 204 of the Civil Procedure Law.  When the person against whom a judgment or ruling is being executed may not clear off the debts in the same order, then his properties shall be distributed pro rata.  The outstanding debts after the pay off shall be continuously paid off by the executed person.  The creditors may request the people's court to execute other properties of the executed person discovered by them at any time. 
300. When the executed person is unable to clear off the debts but debts due to him have matured, the people's court shall inform the debtor of the executed person to performing the debt repayment obligation in favour of the creditors applying for execution. The people's court may carry out compulsory enforcement if the debtor has no objection to the debts but fails in performance within the set deadline. 
301. With the approval of the applicant for the enforcement and the person against whom a judgment or ruling is being executed, the property of the executed person may be evaluated and delivered to the person who applies for the enforcement to compensate for the debts without auction or realization.  The person against whom a judgment or ruling is being executed shall go on with the liquidation of the balance debts. 
302. When the property of the person against whom a judgment or ruling is being executed may not be auctioned or sold off, the people's court may evaluate the property and deliver it to the person who applies for enforcement to repay the debts or may ask him to administer it.  If the person applying for enforcement refuses to take deliver or administer the property, the property shall be returned to the person against whom a judgment or ruling is being executed.  
303. After the enforcement is fulfilled, if the person against whom a judgment or ruling is being executed or other litigants act in such manner as to jeopardize the executed matter, the people's court shall take measures to abate the jeopardy and handle it in accordance with the provisions of Article 102 of the Civil Procedure Law.  When damage is caused to the person who applies for enforcement or other litigants, they may file a lawsuit in the people's court in a separate case.
 
【法规标题】最高人民法院《关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉若干问题的意见》(附英文)(六)
【发文字号】法发(1992)22号
【颁布日期】1992-07-14
【实施日期】1992-07-14
【失效日期】
【颁布单位】最高人民法院
【时效性】
【时效性说明】
　

【全文】
 
最高人民法院《关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉若干问题的意见》(附英文)(六)
 
 

中华法律网之参考编号: 120-19922238

  
　


十六、企业法人破产还债程序
    ２４０、具有法人资格的集体企业、联营企业、私人企业以及设在中国领域内的中外合资经营企业、中外合作经营企业和外资企业等，适用企业法人破产还债程序。
    联营企业中的联营各方均为全民所有制企业的，该联营企业的破产不适用企业法人破产还债程序。
    ２４１、债权人就其抵押物或者其他担保物享有优先受偿权。抵押权人或者其他担保物权人在破产还债案件受理后至破产宣告前请求优先受偿的，应经人民法院准许。
    抵押物或者其他担保物的价款不足其所担保的债务数额的，其差额部分列为破产债权。
    ２４２、人民法院受理破产案件后，应当组成合议庭进行审理。
    ２４３、人民法院依照民事诉讼法第二百条发出的破产公告，应当在报纸上刊登，公告中应当写明下列内容：
    （１）立案时间；
    （２）破产案件的债务人；
    （３）申报债权的期限、地点和逾期未报的法律后果；
    （４）第一次债权人会议召开的日期、地点。
    ２４４、人民法院受理破产申请后，对债务人的其他民事执行程序、财产保全程序必须中止。
    ２４５、人民法院受理破产案件后，应当及时通知债务人的开户银行停止办理债务人的结算业务。开户银行支付维持债务人正常生产经营所必需的费用，应经人民法院许可。
    ２４６、依照民事诉讼法第二百零一条的规定，人民法院组织成立破产清算组织的，破产财产处理和分配方案由破产清算组织提出，经债权人会议讨论通过，报请人民法院裁定后执行。
    ２４７、债权人会议讨论通过破产财产的处理和分配方案，应由出席会议的有表决权的债权人的过半数通过，并且其所代表的债权额必须占无财产担保债权总额的半数以上；讨论通过和解协议草案，必须占无财产担保债权总额的三分之二以上。
    ２４８、民事诉讼法第二百条规定的和解协议，应当具备以下内容：
    （１）清偿债务的财产来源；
    （２）清偿债务的办法；
    （３）清偿债务的期限。
    ２４９、清算组织在对破产财产进行保管、清理、估价、处理和分配过程中，应向人民法院负责并报告工作，接受人民法院和债权人会议的监督。
    ２５０、破产财产分配完毕，由破产清算组织提请人民法院裁定终结破产程序。破产程序终结后，未得到清偿的债权不再清偿。
    ２５１、破产程序终结后，由破产清算组织向破产企业原登记机关办理注销登记。
    ２５２、破产还债案件，一律用裁定；当事人除对驳回破产申请的裁定可以上诉外，对其他裁定不准上诉。
    ２５３、人民法院审理破产还债案件，除适用民事诉讼法第十九章的规定外，并可参照《中华人民共和国企业破产法（试行）》的有关规定。
十七、执行程序
    ２５４、强制执行的标的应当是财物或者行为。当事人拒绝履行发生法律效力的判决、裁定、调解书、支付令的，人民法院应向当事人发出执行通知。在执行通知指定的期间被执行人仍不履行的，应当强制执行。
    ２５５、发生法律效力的支付令，由制作支付令的人民法院负责执行。
    ２５６、民事诉讼法第二百零七条第二款规定的由人民法院执行的其他法律文书，包括仲裁裁决书、公证债权文书。
    其他法律文书由被执行人住所地或者被执行人的财产所在地人民法院执行；当事人分别向上述人民法院申请执行的，由最先接受申请的人民法院执行。
    ２５７、民事诉讼法第二百零八条规定的中止执行，应当限于案外人依该条规定提出异议部分的财产范围。对被执行人的其他财产，不应中止执行。异议理由不成立的，通知驳回。
    ２５８、执行员在执行本院的判决、裁定和调解书时，发现确有错误的，应当提出书面意见，报请院长审查处理。在执行上级人民法院的判决、裁定和调解书时，发现确有错误的，可提出书面意见，经院长批准，函请上级人民法院审查处理。
    ２５９、被执行人、被执行的财产在外地的，负责执行的人民法院可以委托当地人民法院代为执行，也可以直接到当地执行。直接到当地执行的，负责执行的人民法院可以要求当地人民法院协助执行。当地人民法院应当根据要求协助执行。
    ２６０、委托执行，委托人民法院应当出具委托函和生效的法律文书（副本）。委托函应当提出明确的执行要求。
    ２６１、受委托人民法院在接到委托函后，无权对委托执行的生效的法律文书进行实体审查；执行中发现据以执行的法律文书有错误的，受委托人民法院应当及时向委托人民法院反映。
    ２６２、受委托人民法院应当严格按照生效法律文书的规定和委托人民法院的要求执行。对债务人履行债务的时间、期限和方式需要变更的，应当征得申请执行人的同意，并将变更情况及时告知委托人民法院。
    ２６３、受委托人民法院遇有需要中止或者终结执行的情形，应当及时函告委托人民法院，由委托人民法院作出裁定，在此期间，可以暂缓执行。受委托人民法院不得自行裁定中止或者终结执行。
    ２６４、委托执行中，案外人对执行标的提出异议的，受委托人民法院应当函告委托人民法院，由委托人民法院通知驳回或者作出中止执行的裁定，在此期间，暂缓执行。
    ２６５、依照民事诉讼法第二百一十条第二款的规定，受委托人民法院的上一级人民法院在接到委托人民法院指令执行的请求后，应当在五日内书面指令受委托人民法院执行，并将这一情况及时告知委托人民法院。

    受委托人民法院在接到上一级人民法院的书面指令后，应当立即执行，将执行情况报告上一级人民法院，并告知委托人民法院。
    ２６６、一方当事人不履行或者不完全履行在执行中双方自愿达成的和解协议，对方当事人申请执行原生效法律文书的，人民法院应当恢复执行，但和解协议已履行的部分应当扣除。和解协议已经履行完毕的，人民法院不予恢复执行。
    ２６７、申请恢复执行原法律文书，适用民事诉讼法第二百一十九条申请执行期限的规定。申请执行期限因达成执行中的和解协议而中止，其期限自和解协议所定履行期限的最后一日起连续计算。
    ２６８、人民法院依照民事诉讼法第二百一十二条的规定决定暂缓执行的，如果担保是有期限的，暂缓执行的期限应与担保期限一致，但最长不得超过一年。被执行人或担保人对担保的财产在暂缓执行期间有转移、隐藏、变卖、毁损等行为的，人民法院可以恢复强制执行。
    ２６９、民事诉讼法第二百一十二条规定的执行担保，可以由被执行人向人民法院提供财产作担保，也可以由第三人出面作担保。以财产作担保的，应提交保证书；由第三人担保的，应当提交担保书。担保人应当具有代为履行或者代为承担赔偿责任的能力。
    ２７０、被执行人在人民法院决定暂缓执行的期限届满后仍不履行义务的，人民法院可以直接执行担保财产，或者裁定执行担保人的财产，但执行担保人的财产以担保人应当履行义务部分的财产为限。
    ２７１、依照民事诉讼法第二百一十三条的规定，执行中作为被执行人的法人或者其他组织分立、合并的，其权利义务由变更后的法人或者其他组织承受；被撤销的，如果依有关实体法的规定有权利义务承受人的，可以裁定该权利义务承受人为被执行人。
    ２７２、其他组织在执行中不能履行法律文书确定的义务的，人民法院可以裁定执行对该其他组织依法承担义务的法人或者公民个人的财产。
    ２７３、在执行中，作为被执行人的法人或者其他组织名称变更的，人民法院可以裁定变更后的法人或者其他组织为被执行人。
    ２７４、作为被执行人的公民死亡，其遗产继承人没有放弃继承的，人民法院可以裁定变更被执行人，由该继承人在遗产的范围内偿还债务。继承人放弃继承的，人民法院可以直接执行被执行人的遗产。
    ２７５、法律规定由人民法院执行的其他法律文书执行完毕后，该法律文书被有关机关依法撤销的，经当事人申请，适用民事诉讼法第二百一十四条的规定。
    ２７６、执行中，具有企业法人资格的被执行人不能清偿到期债务，根据债权人或者债务人申请，人民法院可以依法宣告被执行人破产。
    ２７７、仲裁机构裁决的事项部分属于仲裁协议的范围，部分超过仲裁协议范围的，对超过部分，人民法院应当裁定不予执行。
    ２７８、依照民事诉讼法第二百一十七条第二款、第三款的规定，人民法院裁定不予执行仲裁裁决后，当事人可以重新达成书面仲裁协议申请仲裁，也可以向人民法院起诉。
    ２７９、民事诉讼法第二百二十条规定的执行通知，人民法院应在收到申请执行书后的十日内发出。执行通知中除应责令被执行人履行法律文书确定的义务外，并应通知其承担民事诉讼法第二百三十二条规定的迟延履行利息或者迟延履行金。
    ２８０、人民法院可以直接向银行及其营业所、储蓄所、信用合作社以及其他有储蓄业务的单位查询、冻结、划拨被执行人的存款。外地法院可以直接到被执行人住所地、被执行财产所在地银行及其营业所、储蓄所、信用合作社以及其他有储蓄业务的单位查询、冻结、划拨被执行人应当履行义务部分的存款，无需由当地人民法院出具手续。
    ２８１、人民法院在执行中需要变卖被执行人财产的，可以交有关单位变卖，也可以由人民法院直接变卖。由人民法院直接变卖的，变卖前应就价格问题征求物价等有关部门的意见，作价应当公平合理。
    对变卖的财产，人民法院或其工作人员不得买受。
    ２８２、人民法院在执行中已依照民事诉讼法第二百二十一条、第二百二十三条的规定对被执行人的财产查封、冻结的，任何单位包括其他人民法院不得重复查封、冻结或者擅自解冻，违者按照民事诉讼法第一百零二条的规定处理。被执行人的财产不能满足所有申请执行人清偿要求的，执行时可以参照民事诉讼法第二百零四条的规定处理。
    ２８３、依照民事诉讼法第二百三十一条规定，当事人不履行法律文书确定的行为义务，如果该项行为义务只能由被执行人完成的，人民法院可以依照民事诉讼法第一百零二条第一款第（六）项的规定处理。
    ２８４、执行的标的物为特定物的，应执行原物。原物确已不存在的，可折价赔偿。
    ２８５、执行中，被执行人隐匿财产的，人民法院除可依照民事诉讼法第一百零二条规定对其处理外，并应责令被执行人交出隐匿的财产或折价赔偿。被执行人拒不交出或赔偿的，人民法院可按被执行财产的价值强制执行被执行人的其他财产，也可以采取搜查措施，追回被隐匿的财产。
    ２８６、人民法院依照民事诉讼法第二百二十七条规定对被执行人及其住所或者财产隐匿地进行搜查，必须符合以下条件：
    （１）生效法律文书确定的履行期限已经届满；
    （２）被执行人不履行法律文书确定的义务；
    （３）认为有隐匿财产的行为。
    搜查人员必须按规定着装并出示搜查令和身份证件。
    ２８７、人民法院搜查时禁止无关人员进入搜查现场；搜查对象是公民的，应通知被执行人或者他的成年家属以及基层组织派员到场；搜查对象是法人或者其他组织的，应通知法定代表人或者主要负责人到场，有上级主管部门的，也应通知主管部门有关人员到场。拒不到场的，不影响搜查。
    搜查妇女身体，应由女执行人员进行。
    ２８８、搜查中发现应当依法扣押的财产，依照民事诉讼法第二百二十四条第二款和第二百二十六条的规定办理。
    ２８９、搜查应制作搜查笔录，由搜查人员、被搜查人及其他在场人签名或盖章。拒绝签名或盖章的，应在搜查笔录中写明。
    ２９０、法人或其他组织持有法律文书指定交付的财物或者票证，在人民法院发出协助执行通知后，拒不转交的，强制执行，并可依照民事诉讼法第一百零三条的规定处理。
    ２９１、有关单位和个人持有法律文书指定交付的财物或者票证，因其过失被毁损或灭失的，人民法院可责令持有人赔偿；拒不赔偿的，人民法院可按被执行的财物或者票证的价值强制执行。
    ２９２、人民法院在执行中需要办理房产证、土地证、山林所有权证、专利证书、商标证书、车辆执照等有关财产权证照转移手续的，可以依照民事诉讼法第二百三十条规定办理。
    ２９３、被执行人迟延履行的，迟延履行期间的利息或迟延履行金自判决、裁定和其他法律文书指定的履行期间届满的次日起计算。
    ２９４、民事诉讼法第二百三十二条规定的加倍支付迟延履行期间的债务利息，是指在按银行同期贷款最高利率计付的债务利息上增加一倍。
    ２９５、被执行人未按判决、裁定和其他法律文书指定的期间履行非金钱给付义务的，无论是否已给申请执行人造成损失，都应当支付迟延履行金。已经造成损失的，双倍补偿申请执行人已经受到的损失；没有造成损失的，迟延履行金可以由人民法院根据具体案件情况决定。
    ２９６、债权人依照民事诉讼法第二百三十三条的规定请求人民法院继续执行的，不受民事诉讼法第二百一十九条所定期限的限制。
    ２９７、被执行人为公民或者其他组织，在执行程序开始后，被执行人的其他已经取得执行依据的或者已经起诉的债权人发现被执行人的财产不能清偿所有债权的，可以向人民法院申请参与分配。
    ２９８、申请参与分配，申请人应提交申请书，申请书应写明参与分配和被执行人不能清偿所有债权的事实和理由，并附有执行依据。
    参与分配申请应当在执行程序开始后，被执行人的财产被清偿前提出。
    ２９９、被执行人为公民或者其他组织，在有其他已经取得执行依据的债权人申请参与分配的执行中，被执行人的财产参照民事诉讼法第二百零四条规定的顺序清偿，不足清偿同一顺序的，按照比例分配。清偿后的剩余债务，被执行人应当继续清偿。债权人发现被执行人有其他财产的，可以随时请求人民法院执行。
    ３００、被执行人不能清偿债务，但对第三人享有到期债权的，人民法院可依申请执行人的申请，通知该第三人向申请执行人履行债务。该第三人对债务没有异议但又在通知指定的期限内不履行的，人民法院可以强制执行。
    ３０１、经申请执行人和被执行人同意，可以不经拍卖、变卖，直接将被执行人的财产作价交申请执行人抵偿债务，对剩余债务，被执行人应当继续清偿。
    ３０２、被执行人的财产无法拍卖或变卖的，经申请执行人同意，人民法院可以将该项财产作价后交付申请执行人抵偿债务，或者交付申请执行人管理；申请执行人拒绝接收或管理的，退回被执行人。
    ３０３、在人民法院执行完毕后，被执行人或者其他人对已执行的标的有妨害行为的，人民法院应当采取措施，排除妨害，并可以依照民事诉讼法第一百零二条的规定处理。因妨害行为给申请执行人或者其他人造成损失的，受害人可以另行起诉。

　
　

　
 
【Title】Opinions (VII) of the Supreme People's Court the Application of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China
【Document No.】
【Promulgation Date】1992-07-14
【Effective Date】1992-07-14
【Repealed Date】
【Promulgation Body】The Supreme People's Court
【Status】
【Status Description】
　

【Full Text】
 
Opinions (VII) of the Supreme People's Court the Application of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China
  
 

Isinolaw Reference ID: 120-19922239

  
　

XVIII. Special provisions on civil procedure concerning foreign interests 
304. One party or both parties are foreigners, stateless person, foreign enterprise or organization, or the legal fact that civil legal relationship between parties establishes, changes, suspends and happens abroad, or the civil case concerning subject matter in foreign country are civil cases concerning foreign interests.
305. According to the provisions of Article 34 and Article 246 of Civil Procedure Law, if the case is under the jurisdiction of the people's court in the People's Republic of China, the party is not allowed to choose courts in other countries for the jurisdiction by written agreement except for the arbitral award otherwise agreed.
306. In the event that both the people's court in the People's Republic of China and the foreign court have jurisdiction of the case, one party files a lawsuit with the foreign court, while the other party files a lawsuit with the people' court in the People's Republic of China, then the people's court may accept such case.  After the judgment, the foreign court or the litigant shall not be allowed to ask the people's court to acknowledge and execute the judgment and ruling made by the foreign court for this case, except for the case otherwise stipulated in the international treaties participated by both countries or entered into by both countries. 
307. The people's court shall declare and send the court verdict and ruling in writing to the defendant living outside China's territory after the trial by default who fails to present the trial after service of documents or summons by the means of announcement as per Paragraph 7 Article 247 of the Civil Procedural Law.  The first-instance judgment shall take effect in the event that the litigants do not lodge appeals after thirty-day's appellate period starting from the next day of expiry of six months of the service by publication and the issuing of the court verdict.  
308. The party with foreign nationality in the civil action concerning foreign interests can authorize his compatriot as his procurator or his national lawyer with the status of non-lawyer as his procurator.  The officials in the foreign embassy or consulate stationed in China authorized by his national citizens can act as the procurators in the names of their individual status without enjoying the diplomatic privileges and immunities during the proceeding. 
309. In the civil procedure concerning foreign interest, if the litigant as the national citizen is not in our realm, the officials authorized by the foreign embassy and consulate stationed in China can appoint Chinese lawyers or Chinese citizens to represent the civil procedure in name of the diplomatic representative.
310. In the civil procedure, if both parties reach the agreement by conciliation, the people's court shall present reconciliation agreement to them.  If the party claims for the court verdict, the people's court may draw up the verdict according to the content of the agreement and deliver it to such party.
311. In the event that both parties are living respectively inside and outside China territory, the appellate period for the court verdict and ruling in writing of the first-instance court of the litigant living at home shall adopt the period stipulated in Article 147 of the Civil Procedural Law and that for the litigant living at abroad shall be thirty days.  The first-instance judgment shall take effect in the event that both parties do not lodge appeals upon the expiry of the appellate period.  
312. The provision of Article 145 to 148, Article 277, Article 278 of these guidelines are applicable for the civil procedures concerning foreign interests. 
313. If one party does not perform the arbitral award made by our arbitration agency concerning foreign interest and the other party requests the court to execute, the people's court shall handle the case as per the related provisions in Chapter 28 in the Civil Procedural Laws.
314. The applicant shall submit written application enclosed with the original text of the judgement to the court to execute the arbitral award made by our arbitration agency.  The foreigner applicant shall present the application in Chinese.
315. The people's court may suspend the enforcement of the arbitral award of the foreign arbitration agent after the person against whom a judgment or order is being executed pleads with one of the circumstances stipulated by Paragraph 1 Article 260 of the Civil Procedural Law and after he has provided property guarantee.  The people's court shall inspect the argument of the person against whom a judgment or order is being executed and rule not to execute or deny the argument according to the review result. 
316. The dissolution or termination of the economic contact concerning foreign interests shall not influence the validity of the arbitration clauses in the contact.  One of the parties shall not be accepted to file a lawsuit with the people' court whose economic contract with arbitral clauses concerning foreign interest is dismissed or terminated.
317. The people's court shall examine and approve the foreign arbitration organization's property preservation application of the litigant to the people's court for ruling to determine the property preservation.  The court ruling to adopt property preservation shall order the applicant to provide guarantee.  The court shall deny the application in case the applicant does not provide guarantee. 
318. In the event that the litigant applies for the intermediate people's court with jurisdiction in the People's Republic of China to acknowledge and execute the validated verdict and ruling made by the foreign court and that the country of the foreign court has not entered into or participated the international treaty, nor with reciprocal relation, the litigant may lodge an appeal with the people's court with jurisdiction for enforcement. 
319. The court of this country shall retrocede and give the reasons for retroceding the petition of the court in the countries which has no judicial assistance agreement or mutually beneficial relationship with our country without diplomatic channel ask our court's judicial aid directly. 
320. In the event the litigant using the court verdict and ruling in writing of the people's court outside China's territory asks this people's court to verify the validity, and the foreign court asks this people's court to verify the legal validity of the court verdict and ruling in writing, the people's court making the court verdict and ruling in writing shall present certificate in name of this court.
 
【法规标题】最高人民法院《关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉若干问题的意见》(附英文)(七)
【发文字号】法发(1992)22号
【颁布日期】1992-07-14
【实施日期】1992-07-14
【失效日期】
【颁布单位】最高人民法院
【时效性】
【时效性说明】
　

【全文】
 
最高人民法院《关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉若干问题的意见》(附英文)(七)
 
 

中华法律网之参考编号: 120-19922239

  
　


十八、涉外民事诉讼程序的特别规定
    ３０４、当事人一方或双方是外国人、无国籍人、外国企业或组织，或者当事人之间民事法律关系的设立、变更、终止的法律事实发生在外国，或者诉讼标的物在外国的民事案件，为涉外民事案件。
    ３０５、依照民事诉讼法第三十四条和第二百四十六条规定，属于中华人民共和国人民法院专属管辖的案件，当事人不得用书面协议选择其他国家法院管辖。但协议选择仲裁裁决的除外。
    ３０６、中华人民共和国人民法院和外国法院都有管辖权的案件，一方当事人向外国法院起诉，而另一方当事人向中华人民共和国人民法院起诉的，人民法院可予受理。判决后，外国法院申请或者当事人请求人民法院承认和执行外国法院对本案作出的判决、裁定的，不予准许；但双方共同参加或者签订的国际条约另有规定的除外。
    ３０７、对不在我国领域内居住的被告，经用公告方式送达诉状或传唤，公告期满不应诉，人民法院缺席判决后，仍应将裁判文书依照民事诉讼法第二百四十七条第（七）项的规定公告送达。自公告送达裁判文书满六个月的次日起，经过三十日的上诉期当事人没有上诉的，一审判决即发生法律效力。
    ３０８、涉外民事诉讼中的外籍当事人，可以委托本国人为诉讼代理人，也可以委托本国律师以非律师身份担任诉讼代理人；外国驻华使、领馆官员，受本国公民的委托，可以以个人名义担任诉讼代理人，但在诉讼中不享有外交特权和豁免权。
    ３０９、涉外民事诉讼中，外国驻华使、领馆授权其本馆官员，在作为当事人的本国国民不在我国领域内的情况下，可以以外交代表身份为其本国国民在我国聘请中国律师或中国公民代理民事诉讼。
    ３１０、涉外民事诉讼中，经调解双方达成协议，应当制发调解书。当事人要求发给判决书的，可以依协议的内容制作判决书送达当事人。
    ３１１、当事人双方分别居住在我国领域内和领域外，对第一审人民法院判决、裁定的上诉期，居住在我国领域内的为民事诉讼法第一百四十七条所规定的期限；居住在我国领域外的为三十日。双方的上诉期均已届满没有上诉的，第一审人民法院的判决、裁定即发生法律效力。
    ３１２、本意见第１４５条至第１４８条、第２７７条、第２７８条的规定适用于涉外民事诉讼程序。
    ３１３、我国涉外仲裁机构作出的仲裁裁决，一方当事人不履行，对方当事人向人民法院申请执行的，应依照民事诉讼法第二十八章的有关规定办理。
    ３１４、申请人向人民法院申请执行我国涉外仲裁机构裁决，须提出书面申请书，并附裁决书正本。如申请人为外国一方当事人，其申请书须用中文本提出。
    ３１５、人民法院强制执行涉外仲裁机构的仲裁裁决时，如被执行人申辩有民事诉讼法第二百六十条第一款规定的情形之一的，在其提供了财产担保后，可以中止执行。人民法院应当对被执行人的申辩进行审查，并根据审查结果裁定不予执行或驳回申辩。
    ３１６、涉外经济合同的解除或者终止，不影响合同中仲裁条款的效力。当事人一方因订有仲裁条款的涉外经济合同被解除或者终止向人民法院起诉的，不予受理。
    ３１７、依照民事诉讼法第二百五十八条的规定，我国涉外仲裁机构将当事人的财产保全申请提交人民法院裁定的，人民法院可以进行审查，决定是否进行保全。裁定采取保全的，应当责令申请人提供担保，申请人不提供担保的，裁定驳回申请。
    ３１８、当事人向中华人民共和国有管辖权的中级人民法院申请承认和执行外国法院作出的发生法律效力的判决、裁定的，如果该法院所在国与中华人民共和国没有缔结或者共同参加国际条约，也没有互惠关系的，当事人可以向人民法院起诉，由有管辖权的人民法院作出判决，予以执行。
    ３１９、与我国没有司法协助协议又无互惠关系的国家的法院，未通过外交途径，直接请求我国法院司法协助的，我国法院应予退回，并说明理由。
    ３２０、当事人在我国领域外使用人民法院的判决书、裁定书，要求我国人民法院证明其法律效力的，以及外国法院要求我国人民法院证明判决书、裁定书的法律效力的，我国作出判决、裁定的人民法院，可以本法院的名义出具证明。