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【本法变迁史】
中华人民共和国民事诉讼法
目 录
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Part One
General Principles |
第一编 总 则
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Chapter 1
Purposes, Scope of Regulation and Basic
Principles |
第一章 任务、适用范围和基本原则
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Article 1
The Civil Procedure Law of the People’s
Republic of China is formulated
according to the Constitution and in the
light of the experience and actual
conditions of adjudicating civil cases
in our country. |
第一条 【立法依据】中华人民共和国民事诉讼法以宪法为根据，结合我国民事审判工作的经验和实际情况制定。
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Article 2
The purposes of the Civil Procedure Law
of the People’s
Republic of China are to protect the
litigation rights exercised by the
parties, to ensure that the people’s
courts find facts, to distinguish right
from wrong, to apply the law correctly,
to try civil cases promptly, to affirm
the rights and obligations in civil
affairs, to impose sanctions for civil
wrong doings, to protect the lawful
rights and interests of the parties, to
educate citizens to voluntarily abide by
the law, to maintain the social and
economic order, and to guarantee the
smooth progress of the socialist
construction. |
第二条 【立法目的】中华人民共和国民事诉讼法的任务，是保护当事人行使诉讼权利，保证人民法院查明事实，分清是非，正确适用法律，及时审理民事案件，确认民事权利义务关系，制裁民事违法行为，保护当事人的合法权益，教育公民自觉遵守法律，维护社会秩序、经济秩序，保障社会主义建设事业顺利进行。
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Article 3
The provisions of this Law shall apply
to all the civil litigation accepted by
people’s
courts regarding disputes over the
status of property and personal
relations among citizens, legal persons,
or other organizations respectively and
mutually between citizens, legal
persons, or other organizations. |
第三条 【适用范围】人民法院受理公民之间、法人之间、其他组织之间以及他们相互之间因财产关系和人身关系提起的民事诉讼，适用本法的规定。
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Article 4
All those who involve in civil lawsuits
within the territory of the People’s
Republic of China must abide by this
Law. |
第四条 【空间效力】凡在中华人民共和国领域内进行民事诉讼，必须遵守本法。
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Article 5
Foreign nationals, stateless persons,
foreign enterprises, or organizations,
which initiate or respond to lawsuits in
people’s
courts, shall have the same litigation
rights and obligations as the citizens,
legal persons, or other organizations of
the People’s
Republic of China. |
第五条 【外国人诉讼地位】外国人、无国籍人、外国企业和组织在人民法院起诉、应诉，同中华人民共和国公民、法人和其他组织有同等的诉讼权利义务。
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Article 6
The adjudication authority over civil
cases shall be exercised by the people’s
courts only. |
第六条 【法院独立审判】民事案件的审判权由人民法院行使。
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Article 7
The people’s
courts must take the facts as the basis
and take the law as the criterion when
adjudicating civil cases. |
第七条 【审理原则】人民法院审理民事案件，必须以事实为根据，以法律为准绳。
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Article 8
All parties to a civil litigation shall
have equal litigation rights. The people’s
courts shall, when adjudicating civil
cases, guarantee and facilitate all
parties to exercise their litigation
rights, and apply the law equally to all
parties. |
第八条 【诉讼权利平等】民事诉讼当事人有平等的诉讼权利。人民法院审理民事案件，应当保障和便利当事人行使诉讼权利，对当事人在适用法律上一律平等。
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Article 9
When adjudicating civil cases, the
people’s
courts may mediate the disputes
according to the principles of
voluntariness and lawfulness; if a
mediation agreement can not be reached,
the courts shall render judgments
without delay. |
第九条 【法院调解】人民法院审理民事案件，应当根据自愿和合法的原则进行调解；调解不成的，应当及时判决。
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Article 10
When adjudicating civil cases, the
people’s
courts shall apply the systems of
collegial panel, recusal, public trial,
and “two
trials and the second one is final”.
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第十条 【审判制度】人民法院审理民事案件，依照法律规定实行合议、回避、公开审判和两审终审制度。
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Article 11
Chinese citizens of all ethnicities
shall have the right to use their native
spoken and written languages in civil
proceedings. |
第十一条 【语言文字】各民族公民都有用本民族语言、文字进行民事诉讼的权利。
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Article 12
When adjudicating civil cases by the
people’s
court, the parties shall have the right
to engage in argument. |
第十二条 【辩论权】人民法院审理民事案件时，当事人有权进行辩论。
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Article 13
The parties to a civil litigation shall
be entitled, within the scope stipulated
by law, to dispose their rights of civil
affairs and litigation. |
第十三条 【处分权】当事人有权在法律规定的范围内处分自己的民事权利和诉讼权利。
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Article 14
The people’s
procuratorates shall have the right to
exercise legal supervision over the
civil proceedings. |
第十四条 【法律监督】人民检察院有权对民事审判活动实行法律监督。
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Article 15
If the civil rights and interests of the
state, a collective, or an individual
have been infringed, a state organ,
public organization, enterprise, or
institution may support the injured unit
or individual to initiate legal action
in a people’s
court. |
第十五条 【支持起诉】机关、社会团体、企业事业单位对损害国家、集体或者个人民事权益的行为，可以支持受损害的单位或者个人向人民法院起诉。
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Article 16
The People’s
Conciliation Committees are the
organizations for mass to mediate civil
disputes derived from private citizens
under the guidance of basic people’s
governments and the basic people’s
courts. |
第十六条 【人民调解】人民调解委员会是在基层人民政府和基层人民法院指导下，调解民间纠纷的群众性组织。
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Article 17
The people’s
congresses of the national autonomous
areas may formulate some accommodating
or supplementary provisions according to
the principles of the Constitution and
this Law and based on the specific
circumstances of their localities. Such
provisions made by an autonomous region
shall be submitted to the Standing
Committee of the National People’s
Congress for approval. The provisions
made by an autonomous prefecture or
autonomous county shall be submitted to
the standing committee of the people’s
congress of the relevant autonomous
region or province for approval and to
the Standing Committee of the National
People’s
Congress for the record. |
第十七条 【变通规定】民族自治地方的人民代表大会根据宪法和本法的原则，结合当地民族的具体情况，可以制定变通或者补充的规定。自治区的规定，报全国人民代表大会常务委员会批准。自治州、自治县的规定，报省或者自治区的人民代表大会常务委员会批准，并报全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案。
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Chapter 2
Jurisdiction |
第二章 管 辖
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Section 1
Jurisdiction by Levels of Courts |
第一节 级别管辖
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Article 18 A
basic people’s
court shall have jurisdiction as the
court of first instance over civil
cases, unless otherwise stipulated in
this Law. |
第十八条 【基层法院管辖】基层人民法院管辖第一审民事案件，但本法另有规定的除外。
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Article 19
An intermediate people’s
court shall have jurisdiction as courts
of first instance over the following
civil cases: |
第十九条 【中级法院管辖】中级人民法院管辖下列第一审民事案件：
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Article 20 A
higher people’s
courts shall have jurisdiction as the
court of first instance over civil cases
that have major impacts on the areas of
its jurisdiction. |
第二十条 【高级法院管辖】高级人民法院管辖在本辖区有重大影响的第一审民事案件。
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Article
21The Supreme People’s
Court shall have jurisdiction as the
court of first instance over the
following civil cases: |
第二十一条 【最高法院管辖】最高人民法院管辖下列第一审民事案件：
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Section 2
Territorial Jurisdiction |
第二节 地域管辖
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Article 22 A
civil lawsuit brought against a citizen
shall be under the jurisdiction of the
people’s court
located in the place where the defendant
has his domicile; if the defendant’s
domicile is different from his habitual
residence, the lawsuit shall be under
the jurisdiction of the people’s
court located in the place of his
habitual residence. |
第二十二条 【一般地域管辖】对公民提起的民事诉讼，由被告住所地人民法院管辖；被告住所地与经常居住地不一致的，由经常居住地人民法院管辖。
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Article 23
The civil litigations described below
shall be under the jurisdiction of the
people’s court
located in the place where the plaintiff
has his domicile; if the plaintiff’s
domicile is different from his habitual
residence, the lawsuit shall be under
the jurisdiction of the people’
court located in the place of the
plaintiff’s
habitual residence. The relevant civil
litigations are: |
第二十三条 【特别规定】下列民事诉讼，由原告住所地人民法院管辖；原告住所地与经常居住地不一致的，由原告经常居住地人民法院管辖：
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Article 24 A
lawsuit brought about a contract dispute
shall be under the jurisdiction of the
people’s court
located in the place where the defendant
has his domicile or where the contract
is performed. |
第二十四条 【合同纠纷管辖】因合同纠纷提起的诉讼，由被告住所地或者合同履行地人民法院管辖。
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Article 25
The parties to a contract may, through
the written contract, choose a people’s
court, which located in the place where
the defendant would have his domicile,
the contract would be performed, the
contract would be signed, the plaintiff
would have his domicile, or the subject
of the contract would be located, to
have jurisdiction over the case, as long
as this jurisdiction choice does not
violate the provisions of this Law
regarding the Jurisdiction by Level and
the Exclusive Jurisdiction. |
第二十五条 【协议管辖】合同的双方当事人可以在书面合同中协议选择被告住所地、合同履行地、合同签订地、原告住所地、标的物所在地人民法院管辖，但不得违反本法对级别管辖和专属管辖的规定。
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Article 26 A
lawsuit brought for insurance contract
dispute shall be under the jurisdiction
of the people’s
court located in the place where the
defendant has his domicile or where the
insured subject matter is located.
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第二十六条 【保险纠纷管辖】因保险合同纠纷提起的诉讼，由被告住所地或者保险标的物所在地人民法院管辖。
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Article 27 A
lawsuit brought for a negotiable
instrument dispute shall be under the
jurisdiction of the people’s
court located in the place where the
negotiable instrument is to be paid or
where the defendant has his domicile.
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第二十七条 【票据纠纷管辖】因票据纠纷提起的诉讼，由票据支付地或者被告住所地人民法院管辖。
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Article 28 A
lawsuit brought for a dispute over
transportation contract via railway,
highway, water, air, or combined
transportation shall be under the
jurisdiction of the people’s
court located in the place of the
departure or the destination, or where
the defendant has his domicile. |
第二十八条 【运输纠纷管辖】因铁路、公路、水上、航空运输和联合运输合同纠纷提起的诉讼，由运输始发地、目的地或者被告住所地人民法院管辖。
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Article 29 A
lawsuit brought for a tortious act shall
be under the jurisdiction of the people’s
court located in the place where the
infringing act took place or where the
defendant has his domicile. |
第二十九条 【侵权行为管辖】因侵权行为提起的诉讼，由侵权行为地或者被告住所地人民法院管辖。
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Article 30 A
lawsuit to claim damages caused by a
railway, highway, water, or aviation
transportation accident shall be under
the jurisdiction of the people’s
court located in the place where the
accident took place, where the vehicle
or ship first arrived after the
accident, where the aircraft first
landed after the accident, or where the
defendant has his domicile. |
第三十条 【交通事故管辖】因铁路、公路、水上和航空事故请求损害赔偿提起的诉讼，由事故发生地或者车辆、船舶最先到达地、航空器最先降落地或者被告住所地人民法院管辖。
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Article 31 A
lawsuit brought for damages caused by a
ship collision or any other maritime
accident shall be under the jurisdiction
of the people’s
court located in the place where the
collision took place or where the
collision ship first docked after the
accident or where the ship at fault was
detained, or where the defendant has his
domicile. |
第三十一条 【海损事故管辖】因船舶碰撞或者其他海事损害事故请求损害赔偿提起的诉讼，由碰撞发生地、碰撞船舶最先到达地、加害船舶被扣留地或者被告住所地人民法院管辖。
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Article 32 A
lawsuit brought for a maritime salvage
shall be under the jurisdiction of the
people’s court
located in the place where the salvage
took place or where the salvaged vessel
first docked after the disaster. |
第三十二条 【海难救助管辖】因海难救助费用提起的诉讼，由救助地或者被救助船舶最先到达地人民法院管辖。
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Article 33 A
lawsuit brought for a general average
shall be under the jurisdiction of the
people’s court
located in the place where the ship
first docked after the general average
adjustment took place or the adjustment
thereof was conducted or where the
voyage ended. |
第三十三条 【共同海损管辖】因共同海损提起的诉讼，由船舶最先到达地、共同海损理算地或者航程终止地的人民法院管辖。
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Article 34
The following cases shall be under the
exclusive jurisdiction of the people’s
courts herein specified: |
第三十四条 【专属管辖】下列案件，由本条规定的人民法院专属管辖：
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Article 35
When two or more people’s
courts have jurisdiction over a lawsuit,
the plaintiff may bring his lawsuit in
one of these people’s
courts; if the plaintiff brings the
lawsuit in two or more people’s
courts that have jurisdiction over the
lawsuit, it shall be handled by the
people’s court
that accepts the case first. |
第三十五条 【选择管辖】两个以上人民法院都有管辖权的诉讼，原告可以向其中一个人民法院起诉；原告向两个以上有管辖权的人民法院起诉的，由最先立案的人民法院管辖。
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Section 3
Jurisdiction by Transfer and
Jurisdiction by Designation |
第三节 移送管辖和指定管辖
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Article 36
If a people’s
court discovers that a case it has
accepted is not under its jurisdiction,
it shall transfer the case to the people’s
court that does have jurisdiction over
the case. The people’s
court to which a case has been
transferred shall accept the case, and
if it considers that, according to
relevant regulations, the transferred
case is not under its jurisdiction, it
shall report to a superior people’s
court for the designation of
jurisdiction and shall not transfer the
case to another people’s
court without authorization. |
第三十六条 【移送管辖】人民法院发现受理的案件不属于本院管辖的，应当移送有管辖权的人民法院，受移送的人民法院应当受理。受移送的人民法院认为受移送的案件依照规定不属于本院管辖的，应当报请上级人民法院指定管辖，不得再自行移送。
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Article 37
If a people’s
court which has jurisdiction over a case
is unable to exercise the jurisdiction
for a special reason, the superior
people’s court
shall designate another court to
exercise the jurisdiction. |
第三十七条 【指定管辖】有管辖权的人民法院由于特殊原因，不能行使管辖权的，由上级人民法院指定管辖。
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Article 38
If a party rejects the jurisdiction of
his case after the case was accepted by
a people’s
court, the party shall raise the
rejection during the period for
submitting briefs. The people’s
court shall examine such objection. If
the objection is tenable, the people’s
court shall rule that the case be
transferred to the people’s
court that does have jurisdiction over
the case; if the rejection is untenable,
the people’s
court shall overrule the objection. |
第三十八条 【管辖异议】人民法院受理案件后，当事人对管辖权有异议的，应当在提交答辩状期间提出。人民法院对当事人提出的异议，应当审查。异议成立的，裁定将案件移送有管辖权的人民法院；异议不成立的，裁定驳回。
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Article 39
People’s
courts at higher levels shall have the
authority to try civil cases over which
people’s
courts at lower levels have jurisdiction
as courts of first instance; they may
also transfer civil cases over which
they themselves have jurisdiction as
courts of first instance to people’s
courts at lower levels for adjudication. |
第三十九条 【管辖转移】上级人民法院有权审理下级人民法院管辖的第一审民事案件，也可以把本院管辖的第一审民事案件交下级人民法院审理。
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Chapter 3
Trial Organization |
第三章 审判组织
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Article 40
Civil cases of first instance shall be
tried in a people’s
court by a collegial bench consisting of
both judges and assessors or of judges
alone. The numbers of members of a
collegial bench shall be odd. |
第四十条 【一审审判组织】人民法院审理第一审民事案件，由审判员、陪审员共同组成合议庭或者由审判员组成合议庭。合议庭的成员人数，必须是单数。
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Article 41
Civil cases of second instance shall be
tried in a people’s
court by a collegial bench of judges.
The numbers of members of a collegial
bench shall be odd. |
第四十一条 【二、重、再审审判组织】人民法院审理第二审民事案件，由审判员组成合议庭。合议庭的成员人数，必须是单数。
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Article 42
The president of the court or the chief
judge of a division shall designate a
judge to serve as the presiding judge of
the collegial bench; if the president or
the chief judge participates in trial,
he himself shall serve as the presiding
judge. |
第四十二条 【审判长】合议庭的审判长由院长或者庭长指定审判员一人担任；院长或者庭长参加审判的，由院长或者庭长担任。
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Article 43
When deliberating a case, a collegial
bench shall observe the principle of
minority obeying majority. The
deliberations shall be recorded in
writing, and the transcript shall be
signed by the members of the collegial
bench. The dissenting opinions in the
deliberations shall be truthfully
recorded in the transcript. |
第四十三条 【评议原则】合议庭评议案件，实行少数服从多数的原则。评议应当制作笔录，由合议庭成员签名。评议中的不同意见，必须如实记入笔录。
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Article 44
The adjudicating personnel shall handle
the case impartially and according to
law. |
第四十四条 【审判人员义务】审判人员应当依法秉公办案。
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Chapter 4
Recusal of Adjudicating Personnel |
第四章 回 避
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Article 45
Any member of the adjudicating personnel
in any of the following circumstances
shall be disqualified, and the
litigation parties shall also have the
right to request, orally or in writing,
such an adjudicator to be withdrawn from
this case. The relevant circumstances
are: |
第四十五条 【适用情形】审判人员有下列情形之一的，必须回避，当事人有权用口头或者书面方式申请他们回避：
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Article 46
When a party makes a request to
disqualify an adjudicator, he shall make
an explanation and submit the request at
the beginning of the proceedings; a
request for recusal may also be
submitted before the end of court debate
if the recusal reason is uncovered after
the proceeding begins. |
第四十六条 【回避申请】当事人提出回避申请，应当说明理由，在案件开始审理时提出；回避事由在案件开始审理后知道的，也可以在法庭辩论终结前提出。
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Article 47
The recusal of a court president who
serves as the presiding judge shall be
decided by the adjudicating committee;
the recusal of adjudicators shall be
decided by the court president; the
recusal of other personnel shall be
decided by the presiding judge. |
第四十七条 【回避决定】院长担任审判长时的回避，由审判委员会决定；审判人员的回避，由院长决定；其他人员的回避，由审判长决定。
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Article 48
The decision of a people’s
court on a request for recusal shall be
made orally or in writing within three
days after the request was made. If a
party is not satisfied with a recusal
decision, it may apply for
reconsideration once. During the period
of reconsideration, the personnel who
have been requested to be disqualified
shall not be suspended from
participating in the proceedings. The
decision of a people’s
court on an application for
reconsideration shall be made within
three days after receiving the
application and the person who has made
the application for reconsideration
shall be notified of the decision. |
第四十八条 【回避时限及后果】人民法院对当事人提出的回避申请，应当在申请提出的三日内，以口头或者书面形式作出决定。申请人对决定不服的，可以在接到决定时申请复议一次。复议期间，被申请回避的人员，不停止参与本案的工作。人民法院对复议申请，应当在三日内作出复议决定，并通知复议申请人。
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Chapter 5
Litigation Participants |
第五章 诉讼参加人
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Section 1
Parties |
第一节 当事人
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Article 49
Any citizen, legal person or any other
organization may become a party to a
civil lawsuit. |
第四十九条 【当事人范围】公民、法人和其他组织可以作为民事诉讼的当事人。
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Article 50
The parties shall have the right to
appoint representatives, request
recusals of adjudicating personnel,
collect and provide evidence, engage in
debate, request mediation, file an
appeal, and apply for an enforcement of
judgments. |
第五十条 【诉讼权利义务】当事人有权委托代理人，提出回避申请，收集、提供证据，进行辩论，请求调解，提起上诉，申请执行。
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Article 51
The two parties may reach a settlement
agreement on their own. |
|
Article 52
The plaintiff may relinquish or modify
his claim. The defendant may confirm or
repudiate the claim and shall have the
right to file a counterclaim. |
第五十二条 【诉请变更】原告可以放弃或者变更诉讼请求。被告可以承认或者反驳诉讼请求，有权提起反诉。
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Article 53
When one party or both parties consist
of two or more persons and the subject
matter of the action is the same or
under the same category, the people’s
court may adjudicate them together upon
the consent of all the parties. Such
adjudication is called joint litigation. |
第五十三条 【共同诉讼】当事人一方或者双方为二人以上，其诉讼标的是共同的，或者诉讼标的是同一种类、人民法院认为可以合并审理并经当事人同意的，为共同诉讼。
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Article 54 A
joint litigation in which one party has
numerous litigants may be brought by the
representatives elected by the litigants
of the party. The act of litigation
taken by these representatives shall
bind all litigants of the party whom
they represent. However, any
substitution of representatives,
relinquishing claims, acceptance of
claims of the opposing party, or
negotiating settlement shall be approved
by the litigants of the party. |
第五十四条 【代表人诉讼】当事人一方人数众多的共同诉讼，可以由当事人推选代表人进行诉讼。代表人的诉讼行为对其所代表的当事人发生效力，但代表人变更、放弃诉讼请求或者承认对方当事人的诉讼请求，进行和解，必须经被代表的当事人同意。
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Article 55
Where the subject matters of an action
is under the same category and one of
the parties has numerous litigants but
the exact number of the litigants is
uncertain when the lawsuit is filed, the
people’s court
may issue a public notice to explain the
nature of the case and the claims of the
litigation and informing those
interested persons who are entitled to
the claim to register their rights with
the people’s
court within a fixed period of time. |
第五十五条 【集团诉讼】诉讼标的是同一种类、当事人一方人数众多在起诉时人数尚未确定的，人民法院可以发出公告，说明案件情况和诉讼请求，通知权利人在一定期间向人民法院登记。
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Article 56
If a third party considers that he has
the independent right to claim the
subject matter of the action of both
parties, he shall have the right to
bring an action. |
第五十六条 【诉讼第三人】对当事人双方的诉讼标的，第三人认为有独立请求权的，有权提起诉讼。
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Section 2
Litigation Representatives |
第二节 诉讼代理人
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Article 57
For litigation-incompetent persons,
their guardians shall be their legal
representative in their litigations. If
all legal representatives try to avoid
their duties of representation, the
people’s court
may appoint one of them as the
litigation represent. |
第五十七条 【法定代理人】无诉讼行为能力人由他的监护人作为法定代理人代为诉讼。法定代理人之间互相推诿代理责任的，由人民法院指定其中一人代为诉讼。
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Article 58
Each party or legal representative may
appoint one or two persons to act as his
litigation representatives. |
第五十八条 【委托代理人】当事人、法定代理人可以委托一至二人作为诉讼代理人。
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Article 59
When a party entrusts a person to be his
litigation representative, he shall
submit a power of attorney bearing his
signature or seal to the people’s
court. |
第五十九条 【授权委托书】委托他人代为诉讼，必须向人民法院提交由委托人签名或者盖章的授权委托书。
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Article 60 A
party who changes or revokes the
authority of his litigation
representative shall inform the people’s
court in writing and the court shall
notify the other party of the change or
revocation. |
第六十条 【代理权变更、解除】诉讼代理人的权限如果变更或者解除，当事人应当书面告知人民法院，并由人民法院通知对方当事人。
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Article 61
Lawyers who serve as litigation
representatives or other litigation
representatives shall have the right to
investigate and collect evidence, and
may consult relevant materials to the
case. The scopes and measures of
consulting relevant materials to a case
shall be regulated by the Supreme People’s
Court. |
第六十一条 【代理人权利】代理诉讼的律师和其他诉讼代理人有权调查收集证据，可以查阅本案有关材料。查阅本案有关材料的范围和办法由最高人民法院规定。
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Article 62
For a divorce case in which a party has
appointed a litigation representative,
that party shall appear in court in
person unless he is incapable of
expressing his own opinion. A party who
is truly unable to appear in court due
to a special reason shall submit his
opinion in writing to the people’s
court. |
第六十二条 【离婚诉讼代理】离婚案件有诉讼代理人的，本人除不能表达意志的以外，仍应出庭；确因特殊情况无法出庭的，必须向人民法院提交书面意见。
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Chapter 6
Evidence |
第六章 证 据
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Article 63
Evidence shall be classified as follows: |
第六十三条 【证据种类】证据有下列几种：
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Article 64 A
party shall have the responsibility to
provide evidence in support of its own
propositions. |
第六十四条 【举证责任】当事人对自己提出的主张，有责任提供证据。
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Article 65
The people’s
court shall have the authority to obtain
evidence from any relevant units or
individuals, and such units or
individuals may not refuse to provide
evidence. |
第六十五条 【查证责任】人民法院有权向有关单位和个人调查取证，有关单位和个人不得拒绝。
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Article 66
Evidence shall be presented in the court
and cross-examined by parties, however,
evidence that involves state secrets,
trade secrets, or individual privacy
shall not be presented in an open court
session. |
第六十六条 【证据审查】证据应当在法庭上出示，并由当事人互相质证。对涉及国家秘密、商业秘密和个人隐私的证据应当保密，需要在法庭出示的，不得在公开开庭时出示。
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Article 67
The people’s
court shall admit the legal acts, legal
facts and documents that are notarized
according to legal procedures as a basis
for finding facts, except when there is
contrary evidence that is sufficient to
invalidate the notarization. |
第六十七条 【公证证据】经过法定程序公证证明的法律行为、法律事实和文书，人民法院应当作为认定事实的根据。但有相反证据足以推翻公证证明的除外。
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Article 68
Any document submitted as evidence shall
be the original one. Physical evidence
shall also be original. If it is truly
difficult to present the original
document or physical evidence, then
duplications, photographs, copies, or
extracts of the original evidence may be
admitted. |
第六十八条 【书证物证】书证应当提交原件。物证应当提交原物。提交原件或者原物确有困难的，可以提交复制品、照片、副本、节录本。
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Article 69
The people’s
court shall authenticate audio and
visual materials and decide whether they
can be admitted as a basis for finding
the facts after examining them and
comparing them with other evidence of
the same case. |
第六十九条 【视听资料】人民法院对视听资料，应当辨别真伪，并结合本案的其他证据，审查确定能否作为认定事实的根据。
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Article 70
All units and individuals who have
information about a case shall have the
obligation to testify in court. The
responsible persons of relevant units
shall encourage the witnesses to give
testimony. When it is truly too
difficult for a witness to appear in
court, he may, with the approval of the
people’s
court, submit a written testimony. |
第七十条 【证人条件、义务】凡是知道案件情况的单位和个人，都有义务出庭作证。有关单位的负责人应当支持证人作证。证人确有困难不能出庭的，经人民法院许可，可以提交书面证言。
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Article 71
The people’s
court shall examine the statements of
the parties in connection with other
evidence of the case to decide whether
such statements can be taken as a basis
for finding the facts. |
第七十一条 【当事人陈述】人民法院对当事人的陈述，应当结合本案的其他证据，审查确定能否作为认定事实的根据。
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Article 72
When a people’s
court deems it necessary to make an
evaluation of a specialized issue, it
shall refer the issue to an
authentication department authorized by
law for the evaluation. In the absence
of such department, the people’s
court shall appoint an authentication
department to make the evaluation. |
第七十二条 【鉴定结论】人民法院对专门性问题认为需要鉴定的，应当交由法定鉴定部门鉴定；没有法定鉴定部门的，由人民法院指定的鉴定部门鉴定。
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Article 73
When inspecting or examining physical
evidence on site, the inspector must
show his credentials issued by a people’s
court. He shall invite the local basic
organization or the relevant unit to
send personnel to participate in the
inspection. The parties concerned or the
adult members of their families shall be
present; however, their refusal to
appear on the scene shall not prevent
the inspection from proceeding. |
第七十三条 【勘验程序】勘验物证或者现场，勘验人必须出示人民法院的证件，并邀请当地基层组织或者当事人所在单位派人参加。当事人或者当事人的成年家属应当到场，拒不到场的，不影响勘验的进行。
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Article 74
Under circumstances where there is a
likely-hood that evidence may be
destroyed, lost or too difficult to
obtain later on, any litigation
participants may apply to the people’s
court for the preservation of the
evidence. The people’s
court may also take initiative to
preserve such evidence. |
第七十四条 【证据保全】在证据可能灭失或者以后难以取得的情况下，诉讼参加人可以向人民法院申请保全证据，人民法院也可以主动采取保全措施。 |
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Chapter 7
Time Periods and Service |
第七章 期间、送达
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Section 1
Time Periods |
第一节 期 间
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Article 75
Time periods shall include those
prescribed by law and those designated
by a people’s
court. |
第七十五条 【期间种类和计算】期间包括法定期间和人民法院指定的期间。
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Article 76
If a party fails to meet a deadline due
to reasons beyond his control or other
justifiable reasons, he may petition for
an extension of the time limit within 10
days after the obstacle is removed. The
requested extension shall be subject to
approval by a people’s
court. |
第七十六条 【期间耽误和顺延】当事人因不可抗拒的事由或者其他正当理由耽误期限的，在障碍消除后的十日内，可以申请顺延期限，是否准许，由人民法院决定。
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Section 2
Service |
第二节 送 达
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Article 77 A
receipt shall be required for every
litigation document that is served and
it shall bear the signature or seal of
the recipient of the service and the
date of receipt. |
第七十七条 【送达回证】送达诉讼文书必须有送达回证，由受送达人在送达回证上记明收到日期，签名或者盖章。
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Article 78
Litigation documents shall be served
directly on the recipient of the
service. If the recipient of the service
is a citizen, the documents may, in the
case of his absence, be served on an
adult member of the recipient’s
family who lives with him. If the
recipient of the service is a legal
person or any other organization, the
document shall be served on the legal
representatives of the legal person, the
principal leading personnel of any other
organization, the personnel of the legal
person or any other organization in
charge of receiving such documents; If
the recipient of the service has a
litigation representative, the documents
may be served on the litigation
representative. If the recipient of the
service has designated an agent to
receive his litigation documents and has
informed the people’s
court of it, the documents may be served
on the agent. |
第七十八条 【直接送达】送达诉讼文书，应当直接送交受送达人。受送达人是公民的，本人不在交他的同住成年家属签收；受送达人是法人或者其他组织的，应当由法人的法定代表人、其他组织的主要负责人或者该法人、组织负责收件的人签收；受送达人有诉讼代理人的，可以送交其代理人签收；受送达人已向人民法院指定代收人的，送交代收人签收。
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Article 79
If the recipient of a service or any of
his adult family members living with him
refuses to accept a legal document, the
person serving the document shall ask
the representatives of the relevant
basic organization or unit to which the
recipient of the service belongs to
appear on the scene, explain the
situation to them, and record the
reasons of the refusal and the date on
the receipt. After the person serving
the document and the witnesses have
affixed their signatures or seals on the
receipt, the document may be left at the
place where the recipient of the service
stays and the service shall be
considered completed. |
第七十九条 【留置送达】受送达人或者他的同住成年家属拒绝接收诉讼文书的，送达人应当邀请有关基层组织或者所在单位的代表到场，说明情况，在送达回证上记明拒收事由和日期，由送达人、见证人签名或者盖章，把诉讼文书留在受送达人的住所，即视为送达。
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Article 80
If direct delivery service of a
litigation document proves too
difficult, such a service may be
entrusted to the other people’s
court, or it may be served by postal
service. If a document is served by
post, the date as stated on the receipt
shall be regarded as the date the
document is served. |
第八十条 【委托及邮寄送达】直接送达诉讼文书有困难的，可以委托其他人民法院代为送达，或者邮寄送达。邮寄送达的，以回执上注明的收件日期为送达日期。
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Article 81
If the recipient of a service is in the
military, the document shall be
forwarded to him via the political organ
at or above the regimen level in the
unit to which the recipient belongs.
|
第八十一条 【转交送达之一】受送达人是军人的，通过其所在部队团以上单位的政治机关转交。
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Article 82
If the recipient of the service is
undergoing imprisonment, the document
shall be forwarded to him via the prison
or the unit of rehabilitation through
labor where he is serving his sentence. |
第八十二条 【转交送达之二】受送达人是被监禁的，通过其所在监所或者劳动改造单位转交。
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Article 83
Any organization or unit that receives a
litigation document to be forwarded must
immediately deliver it to the recipient
of the service for a receipt. The date
as stated on the receipt shall be
regarded as the date the document is
served. |
第八十三条 【转交送达期间】代为转交的机关、单位收到诉讼文书后，必须立即交受送达人签收，以在送达回证上的签收日期，为送达日期。
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Article 84
If the whereabouts of a recipient is
unknown, or if a document cannot be
served by the other methods prescribed
in this section, the document shall be
served by public announcement. Sixty
days after the date of the public
announcement, the document shall be
deemed to have been served. |
第八十四条 【公告送达】受送达人下落不明，或者用本节规定的其他方式无法送达的，公告送达。自发出公告之日起，经过六十日，即视为送达。
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Chapter 8
Mediation |
第八章 调 解
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Article 85
In handling civil cases, the people’s
court may distinguish between right and
wrong and mediate disputes according to
the principle of parties’
voluntariness and based on clear facts.
|
第八十五条 【调解的原则】人民法院审理民事案件，根据当事人自愿的原则，在事实清楚的基础上，分清是非，进行调解。
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Article 86
When a people’s
court conducts mediation, a single judge
or a collegial bench may preside in the
mediation. Mediations shall be conducted
locally whenever possible. |
第八十六条 【调解组织形式】人民法院进行调解，可以由审判员一人主持，也可以由合议庭主持，并尽可能就地进行。
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Article 87
When a people’s
court conducts mediation, it may request
assistance from relevant units or
individuals. The invited units or
individuals shall assist the people’s
court in mediation. |
第八十七条 【协助调解】人民法院进行调解，可以邀请有关单位和个人协助。被邀请的单位和个人，应当协助人民法院进行调解。
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Article 88 A
mediation agreement must be based on
voluntariness of both parties, and shall
not be reached through compulsion. The
content of the mediation agreement may
not contravene the law. |
第八十八条 【调解协议】调解达成协议，必须双方自愿，不得强迫。调解协议的内容不得违反法律规定。
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Article 89
When a mediation agreement is reached,
the people’s
court shall draw up a written mediation
agreement. A mediation agreement shall
clearly set forth the claims of the
action, the facts about the case, and
the result of the mediation. |
第八十九条 【调解书】调解达成协议，人民法院应当制作调解书。调解书应当写明诉讼请求、案件的事实和调解结果。
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Article 90
The people’s
court need not draw up a mediation
agreement for the following cases when
an agreement is reached through
mediation: |
第九十条 【不制作调解书】下列案件调解达成协议，人民法院可以不制作调解书：
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Article 91If
no agreement is reached through
mediation or if one party retracts his
reconciliation before the mediation
agreement is served, the people’s
court shall render a judgment without
delay. |
第九十一条 【调解失败】调解未达成协议或者调解书送达前一方反悔的，人民法院应当及时判决。
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Chapter 9
Property Preservation and Advance
Enforcement |
第九章 财产保全和先予执行
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Article 92
If it becomes impossible or difficult to
enforce a judgment because of the acts
taken by one of the parties or for other
reasons, the people’s
court may, upon the request of the other
party, make an order to preserve the
property. In the absence of such
requests, the people’s
court may, when necessary, also order to
adopt property preservation measures.
|
第九十二条 【适用条件和程序】人民法院对于可能因当事人一方的行为或者其他原因，使判决不能执行或者难以执行的案件，可以根据对方当事人的申请，作出财产保全的裁定；当事人没有提出申请的，人民法院在必要时也可以裁定采取财产保全措施。
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Article 93
Any interested party whose lawful rights
and interests, due to urgent
circumstances, would suffer from
un-remediable harms if he fails to
petition for property preservation
immediately, may, before filing the
lawsuit, petition to the people’s
court for the adoption of property
preservation measures. The petitioner
shall provide a surety; if the
petitioner fails to do so, his petition
may be rejected. |
第九十三条 【诉前财产保全】利害关系人因情况紧急，不立即申请财产保全将会使其合法权益受到难以弥补的损害的，可以在起诉前向人民法院申请采取财产保全措施。申请人应当提供担保，不提供担保的，驳回申请。
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Article 94
Property preservation shall be limited
to the scope of the claim or to the
property related to the case. |
第九十四条 【请求范围及措施】财产保全限于请求的范围，或者与本案有关的财物。
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Article 95
If the defending party whose property is
preserved provides a security, the
people’s court
shall cancel the property preservation. |
第九十五条 【保全解除】被申请人提供担保的，人民法院应当解除财产保全。
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Article 96
Where a petition is wrongfully made, the
petitioner shall compensate the
defending party for any loss incurred
from the property preservation. |
第九十六条 【保全错误补救】申请有错误的，申请人应当赔偿被申请人因财产保全所遭受的损失。
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Article 97
The people’s
court may, at the request of a party,
order the measures for the following
cases to be enforced in advance: |
第九十七条 【先予执行范围】人民法院对下列案件，根据当事人的申请，可以裁定先予执行：
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Article 98
The people’s
court shall make sure the following
conditions are met before making a
ruling to enforce the property
preservation in advance: |
第九十八条 【先予执行条件】人民法院裁定先予执行的，应当符合下列条件：
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Article 99
If a party is not satisfied with an
order on property preservation or
advance enforcement, he may petition for
reconsideration that can be granted only
once. However, the enforcement of the
order shall not be suspended during the
time of reconsideration. |
第九十九条 【复议】当事人对财产保全或者先予执行的裁定不服的，可以申请复议一次。复议期间不停止裁定的执行。
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|
Chapter 10
Compulsory Measures against Obstruction
of Civil Actions |
第十章 对妨害民事诉讼的强制措施
|
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Article 100
If a defendant who is required to appear
in court has been served twice with
subpoena but still refuses to appear in
court without legitimate reason, the
people’s court
may summon him to court by force. |
第一百条 【拘传适用】人民法院对必须到庭的被告，经两次传票传唤，无正当理由拒不到庭的，可以拘传。
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|
Article 101
All litigation participants and other
persons shall abide by the court rules.
|
第一百零一条 【强制措施之一】诉讼参与人和其他人应当遵守法庭规则。
|
|
Article 102
Where any litigation participants or any
other persons commit any of the
following acts, the people’s
courts shall impose a fine or detention
on them based on the circumstances; if a
crime is committed, the people’s
court shall investigate them for
criminal liabilities according to law. |
第一百零二条 【强制措施之二】诉讼参与人或者其他人有下列行为之一的，人民法院可以根据情节轻重予以罚款、拘留；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任：
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|
Article 103
If a unit that has an obligation to
assist in judicial investigation or
enforcement commits any of the following
acts, the people’s
court may order the unit to perform its
obligation but also impose a fine on the
unit: |
第一百零三条 【强制措施之三】有义务协助调查、执行的单位有下列行为之一的，人民法院除责令其履行协助义务外，并可以予以罚款：
|
|
Article 104
A fine on an individual shall be not
more than Renminbi 10, 000 Yuan. A fine
on a unit shall be not less than
Renminbi 10,000 Yuan and not more than
Renminbi 300,000 Yuan. |
第一百零四条 【罚款、拘留适用】对个人的罚款金额，为人民币一万元以下。对单位的罚款金额，为人民币一万元以上三十万元以下。
|
|
Article 105
Any summons by force, fines, or
detentions shall be approved by the
president of a people’s
court. |
第一百零五条 【强制措施程序】拘传、罚款、拘留必须经院长批准。
|
|
Article 106
Any decision on the adoption of
compulsory measures against obstruction
of civil actions shall be made by the
people’s
court. Any unit or individual pressing a
debt payment by unlawfully detaining a
person or illegally seizing other people’s
property shall be investigated for
criminal liabilities according to law or
may be punished by detention or fine.
|
第一百零六条 【强制措施决定权】采取对妨害民事诉讼的强制措施必须由人民法院决定。任何单位和个人采取非法拘禁他人或者非法私自扣押他人财产追索债务的，应当依法追究刑事责任，或者予以拘留、罚款。
|
|
Chapter 11
Litigation Expenses |
第十一章 诉讼费用
|
|
Article 107
Any party filing a civil lawsuit shall
pay a case handling fee according to
relevant regulations. For cases
involving property, the party shall pay
other litigation expenses, in addition
to case handling fee. |
第一百零七条 【诉讼费用的交纳】当事人进行民事诉讼，应当按照规定交纳案件受理费。财产案件除交纳案件受理费外，并按照规定交纳其他诉讼费用。
|
|
Part Two
Trial Procedure |
第二编 审判程序
|
|
Chapter 12
Ordinary Procedure of First Instance
|
第十二章 第一审普通程序
|
|
Section 1
Filing and Accepting Lawsuits |
第一节 起诉和受理
|
|
Article 108
The following conditions must be met
before a lawsuit is filed: |
第一百零八条 【起诉实质要件】起诉必须符合下列条件：
|
|
Article 109
When filing a lawsuit, the motion of
complaint shall be submitted to the
people’s court
with enough copies of the motion for all
members of defendants. |
第一百零九条 【起诉形式要件】起诉应当向人民法院递交起诉状，并按照被告人数提出副本。
|
|
Article 110
A motion of complaint shall clearly
state the following items: |
第一百一十条 【起诉状】起诉状应当记明下列事项：
|
|
Article 111
People’s
courts shall accept the lawsuits filed
in conformity with the provisions of
Article 108 of this Law. For the
lawsuits described below, people’s
courts shall handle them according to
their specific circumstances: |
第一百一十一条 【起诉审查】人民法院对符合本法第一百零八条的起诉，必须受理；对下列起诉，分别情形，予以处理：
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|
Article 112
When a people’s
court receives a motion of complaint or
an oral complaint and finds the
complaint meets the requirements of a
civil lawsuit after reviewing the
complaint, the court shall accept the
case within seven days and notify the
parties involved; if the complaint does
not meet the requirements of a civil
lawsuit, the court shall, within seven
days, make a ruling to reject the
complaint. If the plaintiff does not
agree with the ruling, he may appeal on
the ruling. |
第一百一十二条 【审查期限】人民法院收到起诉状或者口头起诉，经审查，认为符合起诉条件的，应当在七日内立案，并通知当事人；认为不符合起诉条件的，应当在七日内裁定不予受理；原告对裁定不服的，可以提起上诉。
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|
Section 2
Pretrial Preparation |
第二节 审理前的准备
|
|
Article 113
The people’s
court shall deliver a copy of a motion
of complaint to the defendant within
five days from its acceptance of a case,
and the defendant shall file a motion of
defense within 15 days after receiving
the copy of the motion of complaint. |
第一百一十三条 【诉讼文书送达】人民法院应当在立案之日起五日内将起诉状副本发送被告，被告在收到之日起十五日内提出答辩状。
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|
Article 114
When a people’s
court decides to accept a case, the
court shall inform the parties orally or
in the notice of case acceptance or in
the notice of litigation response, with
their rights and obligations to the
litigation. |
第一百一十四条 【权利义务告知】人民法院对决定受理的案件，应当在受理案件通知书和应诉通知书中向当事人告知有关的诉讼权利义务，或者口头告知。
|
|
Article 115
The parties shall be promptly notified
after the members of a collegial bench
are decided. |
|
Article 116
The adjudicating personnel shall
carefully examine the case materials and
carry out investigation and collection
of necessary evidence. |
|
Article 117
The personnel sent by a people’s
court to conduct an investigation shall
first show their credentials to the
person being investigated. The written
record of an investigation shall be
checked by the person investigated and
then signed or sealed by both the
investigator and the investigated.
|
第一百一十七条 【调查程序】人民法院派出人员进行调查时，应当向被调查人出示证件。
|
|
Article 118
A people’s
court may, when necessary, entrust a
people’s court
in another locality to conduct an
investigation. |
第一百一十八条 【委托调查】人民法院在必要时可以委托外地人民法院调查。
|
|
Article 119
When a party who must appear in a joint
litigation but fails to do so, the
people’s court
shall notify him to participate in the
proceeding. |
第一百一十九条 【当事人追加】必须共同进行诉讼的当事人没有参加诉讼的，人民法院应当通知其参加诉讼。
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|
Section 3
Courtroom Trial |
第三节 开庭审理
|
|
Article 120
Civil cases adjudicated by people’s
courts shall usually be heard publicly,
except for the cases that involve state
secrets or the private affairs of
individuals, or are otherwise provided
by law. |
第一百二十条 【审理方式】人民法院审理民事案件，除涉及国家秘密、个人隐私或者法律另有规定的以外，应当公开进行。
|
|
Article 121
When adjudicating civil cases, the
people’s
courts may, whenever necessary and
possible, send out circuit tribunals to
hold trials on the spot. |
第一百二十一条 【巡回审理】人民法院审理民事案件，根据需要进行巡回审理，就地办案。
|
|
Article 122
The people’s
court shall notify the parties and other
participants in a civil case three days
before the opening of a court session.
If a case is to be heard publicly, the
names of the parties, the cause of
action, and the time and location of the
court session shall be announced
publicly. |
第一百二十二条 【开庭通知及公告】人民法院审理民事案件，应当在开庭三日前通知当事人和其他诉讼参与人。公开审理的，应当公告当事人姓名、案由和开庭的时间、地点。
|
|
Article 123
Before a court session is called to
order, the court clerk shall find
whether or not the parties and other
participants of the case are present and
announce the rules of court order. |
第一百二十三条 【庭前准备】开庭审理前，书记员应当查明当事人和其他诉讼参与人是否到庭，宣布法庭纪律。
|
|
Article 124
Courtroom investigation shall be
conducted in the following order: |
第一百二十四条 【法庭调查顺序】法庭调查按照下列顺序进行：
|
|
Article 125
The parties may present new evidence
during a court session. |
第一百二十五条 【当事人庭审权利】当事人在法庭上可以提出新的证据。
|
|
Article 126
The additional claims of a plaintiff,
the counterclaims of a defendant, and
the claims of any third-party related to
the same case may be combined and tried
together. |
第一百二十六条 【诉的合并】原告增加诉讼请求，被告提出反诉，第三人提出与本案有关的诉讼请求，可以合并审理。
|
|
Article 127
Courtroom debates shall be conducted in
the following order: |
第一百二十七条 【法庭辩论】法庭辩论按照下列顺序进行：
|
|
Article 128
At the end of a courtroom debate, a
judgment shall be made according to law.
Where mediation is possible prior to the
rendering of a judgment, a session of
mediation may be conducted; if mediation
proves to be unsuccessful, a judgment
shall be made without delay. |
第一百二十八条 【庭审调解】法庭辩论终结，应当依法作出判决。判决前能够调解的，还可以进行调解，调解不成的，应当及时判决。
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|
Article 129
If a plaintiff who has been served with
a legal subpoena from a people’s
court refuses to appear in court without
proper reason, or if he walks out during
a court session without the permission
of the court, the court may consider the
plaintiff has withdrawn his complaint;
under these two circumstances, if the
defendant files a counterclaim, the
court may enter a default judgment.
|
第一百二十九条 【按撤诉处理】原告经传票传唤，无正当理由拒不到庭的，或者未经法庭许可中途退庭的，可以按撤诉处理；被告反诉的，可以缺席判决。
|
|
Article 130
If a defendant who has been served with
a legal subpoena from a people’s
court refuses to appear in court without
proper reason, or if he walks out during
a court session without the permission
of the court, the court may enter a
default judgment. |
第一百三十条 【缺席判决】被告经传票传唤，无正当理由拒不到庭的，或者未经法庭许可中途退庭的，可以缺席判决。
|
|
Article 131
If a plaintiff applies to withdraw his
complaints before a judgment is
pronounces, the people’s
court shall make a ruling regarding the
application. |
第一百三十一条 【撤诉】宣判前，原告申请撤诉的，是否准许，由人民法院裁定。
|
|
Article 132
Under any of the following
circumstances, their trail at courtroom
may be postponed: |
第一百三十二条 【延期审理】有下列情形之一的，可以延期开庭审理：
|
|
Article 133
The court clerk shall record the entire
court proceedings into a transcript and
the transcript shall be signed by the
adjudicating personnel and the court
clerk. |
第一百三十三条 【法庭笔录】书记员应当将法庭审理的全部活动记入笔录，由审判人员和书记员签名。
|
|
Article 134
People’s
courts shall publicly pronounce their
judgments in all case regardless if the
cases were tried publicly or privately. |
第一百三十四条 【宣判】人民法院对公开审理或者不公开审理的案件，一律公开宣告判决。
|
|
Article 135
A people’s
court shall complete the adjudication of
a case to which ordinary procedure is
applied within six months after the case
is accepted. Where an extension of the
term is necessary for special
circumstances, a six-month extension may
be given upon the approval of the
president of the court. Any further
extension shall be reported to the
people’s court
at a higher level for approval. |
第一百三十五条 【审限】人民法院适用普通程序审理的案件，应当在立案之日起六个月内审结。有特殊情况需要延长的，由本院院长批准，可以延长六个月；还需要延长的，报请上级人民法院批准。
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|
Section 4
Lawsuit Suspension and Conclusion |
第四节 诉讼中止和终结
|
|
Article 136
A lawsuit shall be suspended if it
involves any of the following
circumstances: |
第一百三十六条 【诉讼中止】有下列情形之一的，中止诉讼：
|
|
Article 137
A lawsuit shall be ended, if it involves
any of the following circumstances: |
第一百三十七条 【诉讼终结】有下列情形之一的，终结诉讼：
|
|
Section 5
Judgments and Rulings |
第五节 判决和裁定
|
|
Article 138
A judgment shall clearly set forth the
following: |
第一百三十八条 【判决书】判决书应当写明： |
|
Article 139
If some of the facts in a case being
adjudicated by a people’s
court have already been clear, the court
may render judgments regarding these
facts first. |
第一百三十九条 【先行判决】人民法院审理案件，其中一部分事实已经清楚，可以就该部分先行判决。
|
|
Article 140
Rulings shall be applicable to the
following: |
第一百四十条 【裁定范围】裁定适用于下列范围：
|
|
Article 141
All judgments and rulings rendered by
the Supreme People’s
Court, as well as judgments and rulings
against which shall not be appealed
according to law or have not been
appealed within the prescribed time
limit, shall be legally effective. |
第一百四十一条 【生效裁判】最高人民法院的判决、裁定，以及依法不准上诉或者超过上诉期没有上诉的判决、裁定，是发生法律效力的判决、裁定。
|
|
Chapter 13
Summary Procedure |
第十三章 简易程序
|
|
Article 142
When adjudicating simple civil cases in
which facts are clear, the relations of
rights and obligations are definite, and
disputes are minor, the basic people’s
courts or their dispatched tribunals may
apply the summary procedure stipulated
in this Chapter. |
第一百四十二条 【适用范围】基层人民法院和它派出的法庭审理事实清楚、权利义务关系明确、争议不大的简单的民事案件，适用本章规定。
|
|
Article 143
For simple civil cases, their plaintiffs
may file their complaints orally. |
第一百四十三条 【起诉方式】对简单的民事案件，原告可以口头起诉。
|
|
Article 144
When adjudicating a simple civil case,
the basic people’s
court or its dispatched tribunal may, at
any time, use simplified methods to
summon the parties and witnesses. |
第一百四十四条 【传唤方式】基层人民法院和它派出的法庭审理简单的民事案件，可以用简便方式随时传唤当事人、证人。
|
|
Article 145
A simple civil case shall be tried by
one judge alone and the trial of such
cases shall not be restricted by the
provisions of Articles 123, 125, and 128
of this Law. |
第一百四十五条 【审判组织及程序】简单的民事案件由审判员一人独任审理，并不受本法第一百二十二条、第一百二十四条、第一百二十七条规定的限制。
|
|
Article 146
The people’s
court shall complete the adjudication of
a case to which the summary procedure is
applied within three months after the
case is accepted. |
第一百四十六条 【审限】人民法院适用简易程序审理案件，应当在立案之日起三个月内审结。
|
|
Chapter 14
Procedure of Second Instance |
第十四章 第二审程序
|
|
Article 147
If a party disagrees with a judgment
rendered by a local people’s
court of first instance, he shall have
the right to file an appeal with the
people’s court
at the next higher level within 15 days
from the date when the written judgment
is served. |
第一百四十七条 【上诉权】当事人不服地方人民法院第一审判决的，有权在判决书送达之日起十五日内向上一级人民法院提起上诉。
|
|
Article 148
When filing an appeal, a motion of
appeal shall be submitted. A motion of
appeal shall include the names of all
parties, the names of legal persons and
their legal representatives, or the
names of other organizations and their
principal leading personnel; the name of
the people’s
court where the case was originally
tried, the docket number, and the cause
of action; and the claims and reasons of
appeal. |
第一百四十八条 【上诉状】上诉应当递交上诉状。上诉状的内容，应当包括当事人的姓名，法人的名称及其法定代表人的姓名或者其他组织的名称及其主要负责人的姓名；原审人民法院名称、案件的编号和案由；上诉的请求和理由。
|
|
Article 149
A motion of appeal shall be submitted
via the people’s
court that originally tried the case and
the copies of the motion shall be
prepared according to the number of
people or representatives in the
opposing party. |
第一百四十九条 【上诉方式】上诉状应当通过原审人民法院提出，并按照对方当事人或者代表人的人数提出副本。
|
|
Article 150
Within five days after receiving a
motion of appeal, the people’s
court that originally tried the case
shall deliver the copies of the motion
of appeal to the appellee. After
receiving the copies of the motion of
appeal, the appellee shall submit its
motion of defense within 15 days. The
people’s court
shall, within five days from receiving
the motion defense, deliver the copies
of the motion of defense to the
appellant. Failure by the appellee to
submit a motion of defense shall not
prevent the case from being adjudicated
by the people’s
court. |
第一百五十条 【原审法院工作】原审人民法院收到上诉状，应当在五日内将上诉状副本送达对方当事人，对方当事人在收到之日起十五日内提出答辩状。人民法院应当在收到答辩状之日起五日内将副本送达上诉人。对方当事人不提出答辩状的，不影响人民法院审理。
|
|
Article 151
A people’s
court of second instance shall review
the facts and the law used in an
appellate case. |
第一百五十一条 【审理范围】第二审人民法院应当对上诉请求的有关事实和适用法律进行审查。
|
|
Article 152
When handling an appellate case, the
people’s court
of second instance shall form a
collegial bench to adjudicate the case.
After verifying the facts of the
appellate case by consulting the files,
making necessary investigations, and
questioning the parties, if the
collegial bench believes that it is not
necessary to hold a trial, it may make a
judgment or ruling without a trial. |
第一百五十二条 【审理方式】第二审人民法院对上诉案件，应当组成合议庭，开庭审理。经过阅卷和调查，询问当事人，在事实核对清楚后，合议庭认为不需要开庭审理的，也可以径行判决、裁定。
|
|
Article 153
After hearing an appellate case, the
people’s court
of second instance shall handle the case
respectively according to the following
circumstances: |
第一百五十三条 【二审裁判】第二审人民法院对上诉案件，经过审理，按照下列情形，分别处理：
|
|
Article 154
A people’s
court of second instance shall use
rulings to rule on all appellate cases
that appealed against the rulings made
by the people’s
court of first instance. |
第一百五十四条 【裁定上诉处理】第二审人民法院对不服第一审人民法院裁定的上诉案件的处理，一律使用裁定。
|
|
Article 155
When adjudicating an appellate case, the
people’s court
of second instance may offer mediation
for the parties. If an agreement is
reached through mediation, a mediation
statement shall be made and signed by
the adjudicating personnel and the court
clerk, and the seal of the people’s
court shall be affixed to it. After the
mediation statement has been delivered,
the judgment rendered by the people’s
court that originally tried the case
shall be considered rescinded. |
第一百五十五条 【二审调解】第二审人民法院审理上诉案件，可以进行调解。调解达成协议，应当制作调解书，由审判人员、书记员署名，加盖人民法院印章。调解书送达后，原审人民法院的判决即视为撤销。
|
|
Article 156
If an appellant requests to withdraw his
appeal before the people’s
court of second instance pronounces its
judgment, the court shall rule to
approve or disapprove such a request.
|
第一百五十六条 【撤回上诉】第二审人民法院判决宣告前，上诉人申请撤回上诉的，是否准许，由第二审人民法院裁定。
|
|
Article 157
When a people’s
court of second instance adjudicates an
appeal, it shall apply the ordinary
procedure of first instance unless
otherwise stipulated in this Chapter.
|
第一百五十七条 【二审适用程序】第二审人民法院审理上诉案件，除依照本章规定外，适用第一审普通程序。
|
|
Article 158
The judgments and rulings of a people’s
court of second instance shall be final.
|
第一百五十八条 【二审裁判效力】第二审人民法院的判决、裁定，是终审的判决、裁定。
|
|
Article 159
When adjudicating an appeal from a
judgment, the people’s
court shall make a final judgment within
three months after the appeal was
accepted for an adjudication of second
instance. Any extension of the term
necessitated by special circumstances
shall be subject to the approval of the
president of the court. |
第一百五十九条 【二审审限】人民法院审理对判决的上诉案件，应当在第二审立案之日起三个月内审结。有特殊情况需要延长的，由本院院长批准。
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Chapter 15
Special Procedure |
第十五章 特别程序
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Section 1
General Stipulations |
第一节 一般规定
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Article 160
When a people’s
court adjudicates cases concerning the
credentials of voters, the declaration
of a missing or dead person, the civil
capacity of a citizen (incompetent or
limited capacity in civil conduct), or
the ownership of unclaimed property, the
provisions of this Chapter shall be
applicable. For matters not covered in
this Chapter, the relevant provisions of
this Law and other laws shall be
applicable. |
第一百六十条 【适用范围】人民法院审理选民资格案件、宣告失踪或者宣告死亡案件、认定公民无民事行为能力或者限制民事行为能力案件和认定财产无主案件，适用本章规定。本章没有规定的，适用本法和其他法律的有关规定。
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Article 161
For cases to be adjudicated according to
the procedure stipulated in this
Chapter, the system of one trial to
conclude a case shall be applied. A
collegial bench of judges shall be
formed for the adjudication of any cases
involving the credentials of voters, or
any major, difficult, or complicated
cases; and all the other kinds of cases
shall be tried by one judge alone. |
第一百六十一条 【审判组织】依照本章程序审理的案件，实行一审终审。选民资格案件或者重大、疑难的案件，由审判员组成合议庭审理；其他案件由审判员一人独任审理。
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Article 162
If a people’s
court, while adjudicating a case
according to the procedure stipulated in
this Chapter, discovers that the case
involves a dispute over civil rights and
interests, it shall make a ruling to
terminate the special procedure and
inform the interested parties that they
may bring a new lawsuit. |
第一百六十二条 【特别程序转化】人民法院在依照本章程序审理案件的过程中，发现本案属于民事权益争议的，应当裁定终结特别程序，并告知利害关系人可以另行起诉。
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Article 163
When adjudicating a case to which
special procedure is applied, the people’s
court shall conclude the adjudication
within one month after the case is
accepted or within one month from
expiration of the term set forth in the
public announcement. Any extension of
the term necessitated by special
circumstances shall be subject to the
approval of the president of the court.
However, this article does not apply to
the adjudication of voters’
credentials. |
第一百六十三条 【审限】人民法院适用特别程序审理的案件，应当在立案之日起三十日内或者公告期满后三十日内审结。有特殊情况需要延长的，由本院院长批准。但审理选民资格的案件除外。
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Section 2
Cases Concerning the Credentials of
Voters |
第二节 选民资格案件
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Article 164
If citizens refuse to accept an election
committee’s
decision on an appeal concerning the
credentials of voters, they may, in five
days before the election day, bring a
lawsuit in the basic people’s
court located in their electoral
districts. |
第一百六十四条 【起诉与管辖】公民不服选举委员会对选民资格的申诉所作的处理决定，可以在选举日的五日以前向选区所在地基层人民法院起诉。
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Article 165
After a people’s
court has accepted a case concerning the
credentials of voters, it must conclude
the case before the election day. |
第一百六十五条 【审限及判决】人民法院受理选民资格案件后，必须在选举日前审结。
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Section 3
Cases Concerning the Declaration of
Missing or Dead Persons |
第三节 宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件
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Article 166
Where a citizen whose whereabouts have
been unknown for two years and the
interested party pleads for the
declaration of the person to be missing,
the pleading shall be filed with the
basic people’s
court in the locality where the missing
person has his domicile. |
第一百六十六条 【宣告失踪】公民下落不明满二年，利害关系人申请宣告其失踪的，向下落不明人住所地基层人民法院提出。
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Article 167
Where a citizen whose whereabouts have
been unknown for four years or whose
whereabouts have been unknown for two
years after an accident in which he was
involved, or whose whereabouts have been
unknown after an accident in which he
was involved and whose surviving chance
is impossible based on the evaluation of
a relevant authority, and if the
interested party pleads for the
declaration of the citizen to be dead,
the pleading shall be filed with the
basic people’s
court in the locality where the missing
person has his domicile. |
第一百六十七条 【宣告死亡】公民下落不明满四年，或者因意外事故下落不明满二年，或者因意外事故下落不明，经有关机关证明该公民不可能生存，利害关系人申请宣告其死亡的，向下落不明人住所地基层人民法院提出。
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Article 168
After accepting a case concerning a
declaration of a missing or dead person,
the people’s
court shall issue a public announcement
to search for the missing person. The
time period to declare a person is
missing shall last for three months, and
the time period to declare a person is
dead shall last for one year. Where a
citizen’s
whereabouts have been unknown after an
accident in which he was involved and
his surviving chance is impossible based
on the evaluation of a relevant
authority, the time limit to declare
such a person is dead shall be three
months. |
第一百六十八条 【公告与判决】人民法院受理宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件后，应当发出寻找下落不明人的公告。宣告失踪的公告期间为三个月，宣告死亡的公告期间为一年。因意外事故下落不明，经有关机关证明该公民不可能生存的，宣告死亡的公告期间为三个月。
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Article 169
Should a citizen who was declared as a
missing or dead person by a people’s
court reappear, the people’s
court shall, upon the application of
that person or an interested party, make
a new judgment to nullify the previous
one. |
第一百六十九条 【判决撤销】被宣告失踪、宣告死亡的公民重新出现，经本人或者利害关系人申请，人民法院应当作出新判决，撤销原判决。
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Section 4
Cases Concerning the Determination of
Citizens’
Capacities in Civil Conducts |
第四节 认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件
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Article 170
A pleading for determining if a citizen
has limited capacity or does not have
capacity in civil conduct shall be filed
by the citizen’s
close relatives or any other interested
party with the basic people’s
court in the locality where the citizen
has his domicile. |
第一百七十条 【管辖与申请书】申请认定公民无民事行为能力或者限制民事行为能力，由其近亲属或者其他利害关系人向该公民住所地基层人民法院提出。
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Article 171
After accepting such a pleading, the
people’s court
shall, when necessary, appoint an expert
to perform an evaluation on the citizen
whom is pleaded to have incompetent or
limited capacity in civil conducts; if
the petitioner has already provided an
evaluation conclusion, the people’s
court shall review the conclusion.
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第一百七十一条 【鉴定】人民法院受理申请后，必要时应当对被请求认定为无民事行为能力或者限制民事行为能力的公民进行鉴定。申请人已提供鉴定结论的，应当对鉴定结论进行审查。
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Article 172
When a people’s
court adjudicates a case to determine if
a citizen has incompetent or with
limited capacity in civil conduct, a
close relative of the citizen shall be
the litigation representative unless he
is also the petitioner. If none of the
close relatives are willing to assume
the responsibility as the litigation
representative, the people’s
court shall appoint one of them as a
litigation representative for the
citizen. If the citizen’s
state of health permits, the people’s
court may also question the citizen. |
第一百七十二条 【代理审理与判决】人民法院审理认定公民无民事行为能力或者限制民事行为能力的案件，应当由该公民的近亲属为代理人，但申请人除外。近亲属互相推诿的，由人民法院指定其中一人为代理人。该公民健康情况许可的，还应当询问本人的意见。
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Article 173
Based on a pleading filed by a person
who was found to have incompetent or
limited capacity in civil conduct or
filed by his guardian, if the people’s
court finds that the causation that
makes the person to have incompetent or
limited capacity in civil conduct has
disappeared, it shall make a new
judgment to nullify the previous one.
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第一百七十三条 【判决撤销】人民法院根据被认定为无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人或者他的监护人的申请，证实该公民无民事行为能力或者限制民事行为能力的原因已经消除的，应当作出新判决，撤销原判决。
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Section 5
Cases Concerning the Determination of
Ownerless Property |
第五节 认定财产无主案件
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Article 174
A petition for determining a property to
be ownerless shall be filed by a
citizen, legal person, or an
organization with the basic people’s
court located in the place where the
property is located. |
第一百七十四条 【管辖与申请书】申请认定财产无主，由公民、法人或者其他组织向财产所在地基层人民法院提出。
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Article 175
After accepting such a petition, the
people’s court
shall review and verify the petition and
then issue a public announcement to see
if anyone would claim the property. If
no one claims the property for a year
after the public announcement was
issued, the people’s
court shall make a judgment to declare
the property is ownerless and turn the
property over to the treasury of the
state or a collective unit. |
第一百七十五条 【公告及判决】人民法院受理申请后，经审查核实，应当发出财产认领公告。公告满一年无人认领的，判决认定财产无主，收归国家或者集体所有。
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Article 176
After a property was determined by a
judgment to be ownerless, if the owner
of the property or his successor
emerges, he may claim the property
within the statutory limitation
proscribed in the General Principle of
Civil Law, the people’s
court shall, after examination and
verification, make a new judgment to
nullify the previous one. |
第一百七十六条 【判决撤销】判决认定财产无主后，原财产所有人或者继承人出现，在民法通则规定的诉讼时效期间可以对财产提出请求，人民法院审查属实后，应当作出新判决，撤销原判决。
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Chapter 16
Procedure of Adjudication Supervision
|
第十六章 审判监督程序
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Article 177
If the president of a people’s
court at any level finds some definite
errors in a legally effective judgment
or ruling rendered by his court and
deems it is necessary to have the case
re-adjudicated, he shall refer the case
to the adjudication committee for
discussion and decision. |
第一百七十七条 【法院决定再审】各级人民法院院长对本院已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，发现确有错误，认为需要再审的，应当提交审判委员会讨论决定。
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Article 178
If a party considers that a legally
effective judgment or ruling has some
errors, he may petition the people’s
court at the next higher level for
retrial; however, the enforcement of the
judgment or ruling shall not be
suspended. |
第一百七十八条 【当事人申请再审】当事人对已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，认为有错误的，可以向上一级人民法院申请再审，但不停止判决、裁定的执行。 |
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Article 179
If a petition for retrial made by a
party involves any of the following
circumstances, the people’s
court shall retry the case: |
第一百七十九条 【再审法定原因】当事人的申请符合下列情形之一的，人民法院应当再审：
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Article 180
A party that applies for retrial shall
submit a retrial petition and other
materials. The people’s
court shall, within five days after
receiving the retrial petition, serve
the duplicate of the retrial petition on
the opposing party. The opposing party
shall submit written opinions within 15
days after receiving the duplicate of
the retrial petition; and the failure to
submit written opinions will not affect
the review by the people’s
court. The people’s
court may require the applicant and the
opposing party to supplement relevant
matters and may inquire about relevant
matters. |
第一百八十条 【申请再审的材料】当事人申请再审的，应当提交再审申请书等材料。人民法院应当自收到再审申请书之日起五日内将再审申请书副本发送对方当事人。对方当事人应当自收到再审申请书副本之日起十五日内提交书面意见；不提交书面意见的，不影响人民法院审查。人民法院可以要求申请人和对方当事人补充有关材料，询问有关事项。
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Article 181
The people’s
court shall review a retrial petition
within three months after receiving it,
and rule to retry the case if the
retrial petition is under any of the
circumstances specified in Article 179
of this Law; or rule to reject the
petition if the retrial petition is not
under any of the circumstances specified
in Article 179 of this Law. Where an
extension of the term is necessary for
special circumstances, it shall be
subject to the approval of the president
of the court. |
第一百八十一条 【再审的审查与审级】人民法院应当自收到再审申请书之日起三个月内审查，符合本法第一百七十九条规定情形之一的，裁定再审；不符合本法第一百七十九条规定的，裁定驳回申请。有特殊情况需要延长的，由本院院长批准。
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Article 182
For a legally effective mediation
statement, if evidence provided by a
party proves that the mediation violates
the principle of voluntariness and the
content of the mediation statement is in
violation of the law, the party may
plead for a re-adjudication. The people’s
court shall, upon examination and
verification, re-adjudicate the case. |
第一百八十二条 【调解书再审】当事人对已经发生法律效力的调解书，提出证据证明调解违反自愿原则或者调解协议的内容违反法律的，可以申请再审。经人民法院审查属实的，应当再审。
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Article 183
For a legally effective judgment on
dissolution of marriage, no party shall
apply for a re-adjudication. |
第一百八十三条 【离婚判决不得再审】当事人对已经发生法律效力的解除婚姻关系的判决，不得申请再审。
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Article 184
Any retrial petition by a party shall be
made within two years after the judgment
or ruling becomes legally effective; or
be made within three months after the
party has known or should know that the
legal document on which the original
judgment or ruling was made is cancelled
or revised or that the adjudicating
personnel were involved in any conduct
of embezzlement, bribery, practicing
favoritism for himself or relatives, or
twisting the law in rendering judgment
after two years. |
第一百八十四条 【申请再审期限】当事人申请再审，应当在判决、裁定发生法律效力后二年内提出；二年后据以作出原判决、裁定的法律文书被撤销或者变更，以及发现审判人员在审理该案件时有贪污受贿，徇私舞弊，枉法裁判行为的，自知道或者应当知道之日起三个月内提出。
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Article 185
When a decision is made to retry a case
according to the procedure of
adjudication supervision, the
enforcement of the original judgment
shall be ordered to be suspended. The
order shall be signed by the president
of the court, and the seal of the people’s
court shall be affixed to it. |
第一百八十五条 【原裁判执行中止】按照审判监督程序决定再审的案件，裁定中止原判决的执行。裁定由院长署名，加盖人民法院印章。
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Article 186
For a case to be retried by a people’s
court according to the procedure of
adjudication supervision, if the legally
effective judgment or ruling was made by
a court of first instance, the case
shall be retried according to the
procedure of first instance, and the
parties may appeal against the new
judgment or ruling; if the legally
effective judgment or ruling was made by
a court of second instance, it shall be
retried according to the procedure of
second instance, and the new judgment or
ruling shall be legally effective; if it
is a case that was brought up for a
retrial by a people’s
court at a higher level, it shall be
retried according to the procedure of
second instance, and the new judgment or
ruling shall be legally effective. |
第一百八十六条 【再审审理】人民法院按照审判监督程序再审的案件，发生法律效力的判决、裁定是由第一审法院作出的，按照第一审程序审理，所作的判决、裁定，当事人可以上诉；发生法律效力的判决、裁定是由第二审法院作出的，按照第二审程序审理，所作的判决、裁定，是发生法律效力的判决、裁定；上级人民法院按照审判监督程序提审的，按照第二审程序审理，所作的判决、裁定是发生法律效力的判决、裁定。
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Article 187
If the Supreme People’s
Procuratorate discovers that a legally
effective judgment or ruling made by a
people’s court
at any level, or if a people’s
procuratorate at a higher level
discovers that a legally effective
judgment or ruling made by a people’s
court at a lower level, involves any of
the circumstances specified in Article
179 of this Law, the Supreme People’s
Procuratorate or the people’s
procuratorate at a higher level shall
respectively file a protest. |
第一百八十七条 【检察院抗诉】最高人民检察院对各级人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，上级人民检察院对下级人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，发现有本法第一百七十九条规定情形之一的，应当提出抗诉。
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Article 188
With respect to a case protested by a
people’s
procuratorate, the people’s
court that has accepted the protest
shall render a ruling for retrial within
30 days after receiving the protest; and
a case under any of the circumstances
specified in Items (1) up to (5) of
Paragraph 1 of Article 179 of this Law
may be retried by the people’s
court at the next lower level. |
第一百八十八条 【抗诉后果】人民检察院提出抗诉的案件，接受抗诉的人民法院应当自收到抗诉书之日起三十日内作出再审的裁定；有本法第一百七十九条第一款第（一）项至第（五）项规定情形之一的，可以交下一级人民法院再审。
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Article 189
When the people’s
procuratorate decides to file a protest
against a judgment or ruling made by a
people’s
court, it shall produce a motion of
protest. |
第一百八十九条 【抗诉书】人民检察院决定对人民法院的判决、裁定提出抗诉的，应当制作抗诉书。
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Article 190
When a people’s
court hears a case protested by a people’s
procuratorate, the court shall notify
the people’s
procuratorate to send personnel to the
court. |
第一百九十条 【检察员出庭】人民检察院提出抗诉的案件，人民法院再审时，应当通知人民检察院派员出席法庭。
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Chapter 17
Procedure for Hastening Debt Recovery |
第十七章 督促程序
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Article 191
When a creditor requests his debtor to
repay money or negotiable instrument, he
may plead the basic people’s
court that has jurisdiction to issue a
warrant for payment if the following
requirements are met: |
第一百九十一条 【支付令申请】债权人请求债务人给付金钱、有价证券，符合下列条件的，可以向有管辖权的基层人民法院申请支付令：
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Article 192
After a creditor files his pleading, the
people’s court
shall, within five days, inform the
creditor whether his pleading is
accepted. |
第一百九十二条 【申请受理】债权人提出申请后，人民法院应当在五日内通知债权人是否受理。
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Article 193
After accepting such a pleading, the
people’s court
shall, upon examination of the facts and
evidence provided by the creditor, if
the relationship of the creditor’s
rights and the debtor’s
obligations is definite and legitimate,
issue a warrant for payment to the
debtor within 15 days from accepting the
pleading. If the pleading is untenable,
the people’s
court shall make a ruling to dismiss it.
|
第一百九十三条 【支付令发出】人民法院受理申请后，经审查债权人提供的事实、证据，对债权债务关系明确、合法的，应当在受理之日起十五日内向债务人发出支付令；申请不成立的，裁定予以驳回。
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Article 194
The people’s
court shall, upon receiving the written
objection submitted by the debtor, make
a ruling to stop the procedure for
supervising debt collection and the
warrant for payment shall be invalidated
automatically. However, the creditor may
then file a lawsuit. |
第一百九十四条 【债务人异议效力】人民法院收到债务人提出的书面异议后，应当裁定终结督促程序，支付令自行失效，债权人可以起诉。
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Chapter 18
Procedure of Public Summon |
第十八章 公示催告程序
|
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Article 195
An owner of a transferable negotiable
instrument according to regulations may,
if the instrument is stolen, lost, or
missing, plead the basic people’s
court located in the place where the
instrument to be paid to issue a public
summon. The provisions of this Chapter
shall also be applicable to other
matters related to public summon
according to legal provisions. |
第一百九十五条 【适用范围】按照规定可以背书转让的票据持有人，因票据被盗、遗失或者灭失，可以向票据支付地的基层人民法院申请公示催告。依照法律规定可以申请公示催告的其他事项，适用本章规定。
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Article 196
The people’s
court shall, upon deciding to accept the
pleading, notify the payer to suspend
the payment, and within three days,
issue a public summon to invite the
interested parties to claim their rights
or interests. The time limit of the
public summon shall be at the discretion
of the people’s
court, however, it shall not be less
than sixty days. |
第一百九十六条 【公告及期限】人民法院决定受理申请，应当同时通知支付人停止支付，并在三日内发出公告，催促利害关系人申报权利。公示催告的期间，由人民法院根据情况决定，但不得少于六十日。
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Article 197
The payer shall, upon receiving the
notification of payment suspension
issued by a people’s
court, suspend the payment till the
conclusion of the procedure of public
summon. |
第一百九十七条 【止付通知及效力】支付人收到人民法院停止支付的通知，应当停止支付，至公示催告程序终结。
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Article 198
Any interested parties shall plead the
people’s court
for asserting their claims within the
time limit of a public summon. |
第一百九十八条 【申报权利】利害关系人应当在公示催告期间向人民法院申报。
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Article 199
If no one asserts a claim, the people’s
court shall make a judgment on the basis
of the petition to declare the
negotiable instrument null and void. The
judgment shall be announced in a public
notice, and the payer of the bill shall
be notified of the judgment. As of the
date of the public notice, the applicant
shall be entitled to claim payment from
the payer. |
第一百九十九条 【除权判决】没有人申报的，人民法院应当根据申请人的申请，作出判决，宣告票据无效。判决应当公告，并通知支付人。自判决公告之日起，申请人有权向支付人请求支付。
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Article 200
If an interested party for a legitimate
reason was unable to plead the people’s
court for asserting his claim before the
judgment was made, he may, within one
year from the day he knew or should have
known of the public notice of the
judgment, file a lawsuit in the people’s
court that made the judgment. |
第二百条 【撤销除权判决】利害关系人因正当理由不能在判决前向人民法院申报的，自知道或者应当知道判决公告之日起一年内，可以向作出判决的人民法院起诉。
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Part Three
Procedure of Enforcement |
第三编 执行程序
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Chapter 19
General Stipulations |
第十九章 一般规定
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Article 201
Legally effective judgments or rulings
of civil cases and the parts of
judgments or rulings related to property
in criminal cases shall be enforced by
the people’s
court of first instance or the people’s
court at the same level where the
property that is to be enforced is
located. |
第二百零一条 【执行依据及管辖】发生法律效力的民事判决、裁定，以及刑事判决、裁定中的财产部分，由第一审人民法院或者与第一审人民法院同级的被执行的财产所在地人民法院执行。
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Article 202
If a party or any interested party
considers that the enforcement is in
violation of legal provisions, it may
raise a written objection to the people’s
court in charge of the enforcement. If a
party or any interested party raises a
written objection, the people’s
court shall review the written objection
within 15 days after receiving it. If
the objection is tenable, the people’s
court shall rule to cancel or correct
the enforcement; and if the objection is
untenable, the people’s
court shall rule to reject the
objection. If a party or any interested
party is not satisfied with the ruling,
it may apply for reconsideration to the
people’s court
at the next higher level within 10 days
after the ruling is served. |
第二百零二条 【当事人对执行的异议】当事人、利害关系人认为执行行为违反法律规定的，可以向负责执行的人民法院提出书面异议。当事人、利害关系人提出书面异议的，人民法院应当自收到书面异议之日起十五日内审查，理由成立的，裁定撤销或者改正；理由不成立的，裁定驳回。当事人、利害关系人对裁定不服的，可以自裁定送达之日起十日内向上一级人民法院申请复议。
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Article 203
If the people’s
court fails to make enforcement within
six months after receiving the
application for enforcement, the person
who has applied for the enforcement may
apply for enforcement to the people’s
court at the next higher level. Upon
review, the people’s
court at the next higher level may order
the original people’s
court to make enforcement within a
specified period of time, or may decide
to make enforcement by itself or direct
any other people’s
court to make enforcement. |
第二百零三条 【向上级法院申请执行】人民法院自收到申请执行书之日起超过六个月未执行的，申请执行人可以向上一级人民法院申请执行。上一级人民法院经审查，可以责令原人民法院在一定期限内执行，也可以决定由本院执行或者指令其他人民法院执行。 |
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Article 204
If, during the course of enforcement, a
person who is not involved in the case
raises a written objection to the
subject matter of the enforcement, the
people’s court
shall review the written objection
within 15 days after receiving it. If
the objection is tenable, the people’s
court shall rule to suspend the
enforcement on the subject matter; and
if the objection is untenable, it shall
be rejected. If a person who is not
involved in the case or a party involved
is not satisfied with the ruling and
considers that there is an error in the
original judgment or ruling, it shall be
dealt with according to the procedure of
adjudication supervision; and if a
written objection is irrelevant to the
original judgment or ruling, the
relevant party may file a lawsuit with
the people’s
court within 15 days after the ruling is
served. |
第二百零四条 【案外人对执行的异议】执行过程中，案外人对执行标的提出书面异议的，人民法院应当自收到书面异议之日起十五日内审查，理由成立的，裁定中止对该标的的执行；理由不成立的，裁定驳回。案外人、当事人对裁定不服，认为原判决、裁定错误的，依照审判监督程序办理；与原判决、裁定无关的，可以自裁定送达之日起十五日内向人民法院提起诉讼。
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Article 205
The enforcement shall be carried out by
the enforcement officer. |
第二百零五条 【执行机构】执行工作由执行员进行。
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Article 206
If a person or property to be subject to
enforcement is in another locality, the
people’s court
in that locality may be entrusted to
enforce the enforcement. The entrusted
people’s court
shall begin the enforcement within 15
days after receiving a power of attorney
and shall not refuse to do so. After the
enforcement has been completed, the
entrusted people’s
court shall promptly inform the
entrusting people’s
court with the result of the enforcement
by writing. If the enforcement has not
been completed within 30 days, the
entrusted people’s
court shall also inform the entrusting
people’s court
with the particulars of the enforcement
by writing. |
第二百零六条 【委托执行】被执行人或者被执行的财产在外地的，可以委托当地人民法院代为执行。受委托人民法院收到委托函件后，必须在十五日内开始执行，不得拒绝。执行完毕后，应当将执行结果及时函复委托人民法院；在三十日内如果还未执行完毕，也应当将执行情况函告委托人民法院。
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Article 207
If, during the course of enforcement,
both disputing parties reconcile
themselves and reach a settlement
agreement on their own initiative, the
enforcement officer shall make a written
record of the terms of the settlement
and have both parties affix their
signatures or seals onto the record. |
第二百零七条 【执行和解】在执行中，双方当事人自行和解达成协议的，执行员应当将协议内容记入笔录，由双方当事人签名或者盖章。
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Article 208
During the course of enforcement, if the
person to be enforced provides a surety,
the people’s
court may, with the consent of the
person who has applied for the
enforcement, decide to postpone the
enforcement or defer the time limit for
the enforcement. If the person to be
enforced fails again to perform his duty
within the new time limit, the people’s
court shall have the power to enforce
the guaranteed property of the person to
be enforced or the property of the
guarantor. |
第二百零八条 【执行担保】在执行中，被执行人向人民法院提供担保，并经申请执行人同意的，人民法院可以决定暂缓执行及暂缓执行的期限。被执行人逾期仍不履行的，人民法院有权执行被执行人的担保财产或者担保人的财产。
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Article 209
If the citizen to be enforced dies, his
debts shall be paid off from his estate;
if a legal person or any other
organization to be subject to
enforcement is terminated, the party
that succeeds to its rights and
obligations shall fulfill the
obligations. |
第二百零九条 【执行承担】作为被执行人的公民死亡的，以其遗产偿还债务。作为被执行人的法人或者其他组织终止的，由其权利义务承受人履行义务。
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Article 210
After an enforcement has been enforced
according to a judgment, ruling, or
legal document, if a definite error is
discovered in such a judgment, ruling,
or legal document and therefore such a
judgment, ruling, or legal document has
been revoked by a people’s
court, the people’s
court shall, with respect to the
property which has been enforcement,
make a ruling to order the person who
has received the enforcement property to
return the property. If he refuses to
return the property, a compulsory
enforcement shall be enforced on him. |
第二百一十条 【执行回转】执行完毕后，据以执行的判决、裁定和其他法律文书确有错误，被人民法院撤销的，对已被执行的财产，人民法院应当作出裁定，责令取得财产的人返还；拒不返还的，强制执行。
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Article 211
The provisions of this Part shall be
applicable to the enforcement of a
mediation agreement drawn up by a people’s
court. |
第二百一十一条 【调解书执行】人民法院制作的调解书的执行，适用本编的规定。
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Chapter 20
Application and Referral of Enforcement |
第二十章 执行的申请和移送
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Article 212
All the parties shall comply with a
legally effective judgment or ruling in
a civil case. If a party refuses to
comply, the other party may apply to the
people’s court
for enforcement, or the judge may refer
the matter to an enforcement officer for
enforcement. |
第二百一十二条 【执行开始方式】发生法律效力的民事判决、裁定，当事人必须履行。一方拒绝履行的，对方当事人可以向人民法院申请执行，也可以由审判员移送执行员执行。
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Article 213
If a party fails to comply with an award
made by an arbitration institution that
was established according to law, the
other party may apply for enforcement to
the people’s
court which has jurisdiction over the
case. The applied people’s
court shall enforce the award. |
第二百一十三条 【仲裁裁决执行】对依法设立的仲裁机构的裁决，一方当事人不履行的，对方当事人可以向有管辖权的人民法院申请执行。受申请的人民法院应当执行。
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Article 214
If a party fails to comply with a
certificate of obligation enforcement by
a notary office according to law, the
other party may apply to the people’s
court that has the jurisdiction over the
case for the enforcement of the
obligation and the applied people’s
court shall enforce such an obligation.
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第二百一十四条 【公证债权文书执行】对公证机关依法赋予强制执行效力的债权文书，一方当事人不履行的，对方当事人可以向有管辖权的人民法院申请执行，受申请的人民法院应当执行。
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Article 215
The time limit for the submission of an
application for enforcement shall be two
years. The suspension or termination of
the time limit for the submission of an
application for enforcement shall be
governed by the provisions on the
suspension or termination of the statute
of limitation. |
第二百一十五条 【申请执行期限】申请执行的期间为二年。申请执行时效的中止、中断，适用法律有关诉讼时效中止、中断的规定。
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Article 216
An enforcement officer shall, after
receiving the application for
enforcement or the writ of referral of
enforcement, send an enforcement notice
to the person to be enforced,
instructing him to comply with the
enforcement within the specified time
limit. If the person fails to comply
with the enforcement within the time
limit, a compulsory enforcement shall be
enforced. |
第二百一十六条 【执行通知与强制执行】执行员接到申请执行书或者移交执行书，应当向被执行人发出执行通知，责令其在指定的期间履行，逾期不履行的，强制执行。
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Chapter 21
Enforcement Measures |
第二十一章 执行措施
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Article 217
If a person to be enforced fails to
fulfill the obligations specified in a
legal document as instructed by the
enforcement notice, he shall report his
property situation for the time being
and one year before he has received the
enforcement notice. If a person to be
enforced refuses to report his property
situation or makes a false report, the
people’s court
may, based on the circumstances, impose
a fine or detention on the person to be
enforced, his legal representative or
the principal leading personnel of the
unit or the person directly responsible. |
第二百一十七条 【被执行人的报告义务】被执行人未按执行通知履行法律文书确定的义务，应当报告当前以及收到执行通知之日前一年的财产情况。被执行人拒绝报告或者虚假报告的，人民法院可以根据情节轻重对被执行人或者其法定代理人、有关单位的主要负责人或者直接责任人员予以罚款、拘留。
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Article 218
If a person to be enforced fails to
fulfill the obligations specified in a
legal document as instructed by the
enforcement notice, the people’s
court shall have the power to make
inquiries to the banks, credit unions or
other units that deal with saving
deposits about the savings deposited by
the person subject to the enforcement,
and shall also have the power to freeze
and appropriate the savings deposited by
the person subject to the enforcement,
however, the inquiry, freeze, or
appropriation of the deposits shall not
exceed the scope of the obligation that
the person subject to the enforcement
should fulfill. |
第二百一十八条 【查询、划拨、冻结存款】被执行人未按执行通知履行法律文书确定的义务，人民法院有权向银行、信用合作社和其他有储蓄业务的单位查询被执行人的存款情况，有权冻结、划拨被执行人的存款，但查询、冻结、划拨存款不得超出被执行人应当履行义务的范围。
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Article 219
If a person to be enforced fails to
fulfill the obligations specified in a
legal documents instructed by an
enforcement notice, the people’s
court shall have the power to withhold
or withdraw the portion of his income to
fulfill his obligation. However, the
court shall leave the necessary living
expenses for the person and his
dependent family members. |
第二百一十九条 【扣留提取收入】被执行人未按执行通知履行法律文书确定的义务，人民法院有权扣留、提取被执行人应当履行义务部分的收入。但应当保留被执行人及其所扶养家属的生活必需费用。
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Article 220
If a person to be enforced fails to
fulfill his obligation specified in a
legal document instructed by the
enforcement notice, the people’s
court shall have the power to seize,
detain, freeze, auction, or sell the
portion of his property in order to
fulfill his obligations. However, the
court shall leave the articles of daily
necessity used by the person and his
dependent family members. |
第二百二十条 【查扣、冻结、拍卖、变卖】被执行人未按执行通知履行法律文书确定的义务，人民法院有权查封、扣押、冻结、拍卖、变卖被执行人应当履行义务部分的财产。但应当保留被执行人及其所扶养家属的生活必需品。
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Article 221
When a people’s
court seizes or detains a property, if
the person to be enforced is a citizen,
the court shall notify the person or an
adult member of his family to appear on
the scene; if the person to be enforced
is a legal person or another
organization, the court shall notify its
legal representatives or the principal
leading personnel to appear on the
scene. Their refusal to appear on the
scene shall not prevent the enforcement.
If a person to be enforced is a citizen,
his unit or the basic-level organization
in the place where his property is
located shall send someone to the scene.
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第二百二十一条 【查扣程序】人民法院查封、扣押财产时，被执行人是公民的，应当通知被执行人或者他的成年家属到场；被执行人是法人或者其他组织的，应当通知其法定代表人或者主要负责人到场。拒不到场的，不影响执行。被执行人是公民的，其工作单位或者财产所在地的基层组织应当派人参加。
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Article 222
The enforcement officer may ask the
person to be enforced to safeguard the
seized property. The person who is
subject to enforcement shall be held
responsible for any losses incurred due
to his fault. |
第二百二十二条 【查封财产保管】被查封的财产，执行员可以指定被执行人负责保管。因被执行人的过错造成的损失，由被执行人承担。
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Article 223
After a property has been seized or
detained, the enforcement officer shall
order the person to be enforced to
fulfill, within the prescribed time
limit, the obligations specified in a
legal document. If the person fails to
fulfill his obligations within the
prescribed time limit, the people’s
court may, according to relevant
regulations, ask the relevant units to
auction or sell the seized or detained
property. The articles that are
prohibited from free trading by the
state shall be purchased by the relevant
units at the price fixed by the state.
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第二百二十三条 【拍、变卖措施】财产被查封、扣押后，执行员应当责令被执行人在指定期间履行法律文书确定的义务。被执行人逾期不履行的，人民法院可以按照规定交有关单位拍卖或者变卖被查封、扣押的财产。国家禁止自由买卖的物品，交有关单位按照国家规定的价格收购。
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Article 224
If a person to be enforced fails to
fulfill his obligations specified in a
legal document and conceals his
property, the people’s
court shall have the power to issue a
search warrant and search his domicile
or the place where the property may be
concealed. |
第二百二十四条 【搜查措施】被执行人不履行法律文书确定的义务，并隐匿财产的，人民法院有权发出搜查令，对被执行人及其住所或者财产隐匿地进行搜查。
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Article 225
The delivery of property or negotiable
instrument specified in a legal document
shall be conducted in the presence of
both parties summoned by the enforcement
officer or the enforcement officer may
deliver the property or the negotiable
instrument to the recipient. The
recipient of the property or the
negotiable instrument shall sign a
receipt. |
第二百二十五条 【指定交付】法律文书指定交付的财物或者票证，由执行员传唤双方当事人当面交付，或者由执行员转交，并由被交付人签收。
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Article 226
For a compulsory eviction from a
building or a plot of land, the
president of a people’s
court shall sign and issue a public
announcement to order the person to be
enforcement to perform his obligations
within a designated period of time. If
the person fails to do so within the
designated time, a compulsory
enforcement may be enforced by the
enforcement officer. |
第二百二十六条 【强制迁出】强制迁出房屋或者强制退出土地，由院长签发公告，责令被执行人在指定期间履行。被执行人逾期不履行的，由执行员强制执行。
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Article 227
During the course of enforcement, if
some formalities to transfer the
certificates of titles need to be done,
the people’s
court may issue an enforcement
assistance notice to relevant units and
these units shall comply with the
notice. |
第二百二十七条 【证照转移】在执行中，需要办理有关财产权证照转移手续的，人民法院可以向有关单位发出协助执行通知书，有关单位必须办理。
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Article 228
If a person to be enforced fails to
fulfill his obligations prescribed in a
judgment, ruling, or any other legal
document as instructed by the notice of
enforcement, the people’s
court may conduct a compulsory
enforcement or entrust a relevant unit
or other persons to carry out the
enforcement and the person subject to
the enforcement shall bear the expenses
thus incurred. |
第二百二十八条 【对行为执行】对判决、裁定和其他法律文书指定的行为，被执行人未按执行通知履行的，人民法院可以强制执行或者委托有关单位或者其他人完成，费用由被执行人承担。
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Article 229
If a person to be enforced fails to
fulfill his obligations of paying money
within the time limit specified by a
judgment, ruling, or any other legal
documents, he shall pay a multiplied
interest for the debt based on the
default time. If the person subject to
the enforcement fails to fulfill his
other obligations within the time limit
specified by a judgment, ruling, or any
other legal documents, he shall pay a
surcharge for the deferred performance.
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第二百二十九条 【迟延履行】被执行人未按判决、裁定和其他法律文书指定的期间履行给付金钱义务的，应当加倍支付迟延履行期间的债务利息。被执行人未按判决、裁定和其他法律文书指定的期间履行其他义务的，应当支付迟延履行金。
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Article 230
After a people’s
court adopts an enforcement measure
stipulated in Articles 118, 119, and 120
of this Law, if the person subject to
the enforcement is still unable to pay
debts, he shall continue to fulfill his
obligations. Once the creditor discovers
that the person subject to the
enforcement has other properties, the
creditor may at any time apply to the
people’s court
for an enforcement of these properties.
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第二百三十条 【继续执行】人民法院采取本法第二百一十八条、第二百一十九条、第二百二十条规定的执行措施后，被执行人仍不能偿还债务的，应当继续履行义务。债权人发现被执行人有其他财产的，可以随时请求人民法院执行。
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Article 231
If a person to be enforced fails to
fulfill the obligations specified in a
legal document, the people’s
court may adopt or notify relevant units
to assist to adopt the measure of
restricting the exit, making records on
the credit system, making public the
information about nonperformance of duty
through public media or any other
measure stipulated by law. |
第二百三十一条 【被执行人不履行义务的后果】被执行人不履行法律文书确定的义务的，人民法院可以对其采取或者通知有关单位协助采取限制出境，在征信系统记录、通过媒体公布不履行义务信息以及法律规定的其他措施。
|
|
Chapter 22
Suspension and Termination of
Enforcement |
第二十二章 执行中止和终结
|
|
Article 232
Under any of the following
circumstances, the people’s
court shall make a ruling to suspend the
enforcement: |
第二百三十二条 【执行中止】有下列情形之一的，人民法院应当裁定中止执行：
|
|
Article 233
Under any of the following
circumstances, the people’s
court shall make a ruling to terminate
the enforcement: |
第二百三十三条 【执行终结】有下列情形之一的，人民法院裁定终结执行：
|
|
Article 234
A ruling to suspend or terminate the
enforcement shall become effective
immediately after being served on the
parties concerned. |
第二百三十四条 【中止、终结裁定】中止和终结执行的裁定，送达当事人后立即生效。
|
|
Part Four
Special Provisions of the Civil
Procedures Involving Foreign Elements
|
第四编 涉外民事诉讼程序的特别规定
|
|
Chapter 23
General Principles |
第二十三章 一般原则
|
|
Article 235
The provisions of this Part shall be
applicable to any civil litigation
involving foreign elements within the
territory of the People’s
Republic of China. Where it is not
covered by the provisions of this Part,
other relevant provisions of this Law
shall apply. |
第二百三十五条 【适用本法】在中华人民共和国领域内进行涉外民事诉讼，适用本编规定。本编没有规定的，适用本法其他有关规定。
|
|
Article 236
If an international treaty concluded or
acceded to by the People’s
Republic of China contains provisions
differing from those found in this Law,
the provisions of the international
treaty shall apply, unless the
provisions are the ones on which China
has announced reservations. |
第二百三十六条 【国际条约优先】中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约同本法有不同规定的，适用该国际条约的规定，但中华人民共和国声明保留的条款除外。
|
|
Article 237
Any civil lawsuits brought against a
foreign national, a foreign
organization, or an international
organization that enjoys diplomatic
privileges or immunities shall be dealt
with according to the relevant laws of
the People’s
Republic of China and with the
international treaties concluded or
acceded to by the People’s
Republic of China. |
第二百三十七条 【外交特权与豁免】对享有外交特权与豁免的外国人、外国组织或者国际组织提起的民事诉讼，应当依照中华人民共和国有关法律和中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约的规定办理。
|
|
Article 238
A people’s
court shall use the spoken and written
languages commonly used in the People’s
Republic of China to adjudicate civil
cases involving foreign elements.
Translation may be provided at the
request of the parties concerned and the
expenses of the translation shall be
borne by the requesting parties. |
第二百三十八条 【语言文字】人民法院审理涉外民事案件，应当使用中华人民共和国通用的语言、文字。当事人要求提供翻译的，可以提供，费用由当事人承担。
|
|
Article 239
When foreign nationals, stateless
persons, or foreign enterprises or
organizations need to appoint lawyers
for filing or respond to a lawsuit in a
people’s
court, they shall appoint the lawyers of
the People’s
Republic of China only. |
第二百三十九条 【中国律师代理】外国人、无国籍人、外国企业和组织在人民法院起诉、应诉，需要委托律师代理诉讼的，必须委托中华人民共和国的律师。
|
|
Article 240
Any power of attorney mailed or
forwarded from outside the territory of
the People’s
Republic of China by a foreign national,
stateless person, or a foreign
enterprise or organization that has no
domicile in the People’s
Republic of China to appoint a lawyer or
any other person of the People’s
Republic of China as an litigation
representative must be authenticated by
a notary office in the country where
that person, enterprise, or organization
has domicile and confirmed by the
Chinese embassy or consulate stationed
in that country or shall go through the
notary formalities stipulated in the
relevant bilateral treaties between
China and that country before the power
of attorney becomes effective. |
第二百四十条 【公证和认证】在中华人民共和国领域内没有住所的外国人、无国籍人、外国企业和组织委托中华人民共和国律师或者其他人代理诉讼，从中华人民共和国领域外寄交或者托交的授权委托书，应当经所在国公证机关证明，并经中华人民共和国驻该国使领馆认证，或者履行中华人民共和国与该所在国订立的有关条约中规定的证明手续后，才具有效力。
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|
Chapter 24
Jurisdiction |
第二十四章 管辖
|
|
Article 241
A lawsuit brought against a defendant
who has no domicile in the People’s
Republic of China concerning a contract
dispute or other disputes over property
rights and interests, if the contract is
signed or performed within the territory
of the People’s
Republic of China, or the object of the
action is within the territory of the
People’s
Republic of China, or the defendant has
detainable property within the territory
of the People’s
Republic of China, or the defendant has
its representative agency, branch, or
business agent within the territory of
the People’s
Republic of China, may be under the
jurisdiction of the people’s
court located in the place where the
contract is signed or performed, the
subject of the action is located, the
defendant’s
detainable property is located, the
infringing act takes place, or the
representative agency, branch or
business agent is located. |
第二百四十一条 【特殊地域管辖】因合同纠纷或者其他财产权益纠纷，对在中华人民共和国领域内没有住所的被告提起的诉讼，如果合同在中华人民共和国领域内签订或者履行，或者诉讼标的物在中华人民共和国领域内，或者被告在中华人民共和国领域内有可供扣押的财产，或者被告在中华人民共和国领域内设有代表机构，可以由合同签订地、合同履行地、诉讼标的物所在地、可供扣押财产所在地、侵权行为地或者代表机构住所地人民法院管辖。
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|
Article 242
The parties to a disputed contract
involving foreign elements or the
parties having disputes over property
rights and interests involving foreign
elements may reach a written agreement
to choose the people’s
court located in the place that has
actual connections with their disputes
as the court to adjudicate their
disputes. If a people’s
court of the People’s
Republic of China is chosen as the court
having the jurisdiction, such a
jurisdiction shall not contravene with
the stipulations on the jurisdictions by
level or the exclusive jurisdiction
proscribed in this Law. |
第二百四十二条 【协议管辖】涉外合同或者涉外财产权益纠纷的当事人，可以用书面协议选择与争议有实际联系的地点的法院管辖。选择中华人民共和国人民法院管辖的，不得违反本法关于级别管辖和专属管辖的规定。
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|
Article 243
If the defendant in a civil litigation
involving foreign elements raises no
objection to the jurisdiction of a
people’s court
and files his defense with the court, he
shall be deemed to have accepted that
this people’s
court has jurisdiction over the case.
|
第二百四十三条 【默示管辖】涉外民事诉讼的被告对人民法院管辖不提出异议，并应诉答辩的，视为承认该人民法院为有管辖权的法院。
|
|
Article 244
Lawsuits brought for disputes arising
from the performance of contracts for
Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures,
Chinese-foreign contractual joint
ventures, or Chinese-foreign cooperative
exploration and development of the
natural resources in the People’s
Republic of China shall be under the
jurisdiction of the people’s
courts of the People’s
Republic of China. |
第二百四十四条 【专属管辖】因在中华人民共和国履行中外合资经营企业合同、中外合作经营企业合同、中外合作勘探开发自然资源合同发生纠纷提起的诉讼，由中华人民共和国人民法院管辖。
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|
Chapter 25
Service and Time Periods |
第二十五章 送达、期间
|
|
Article 245
A people’s
court may serve litigation documents to
a party who has no domicile within the
territory of the People’s
Republic of China by the following
methods: |
第二百四十五条 【送达方式】人民法院对在中华人民共和国领域内没有住所的当事人送达诉讼文书，可以采用下列方式：
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|
Article 246
If a defendant has no domicile in the
People’s
Republic of China, the people’s
court shall serve a copy of the motion
of complaint on the defendant and notify
him to file his motion of defense within
30 days after he receives the copy of
the motion of complaint. Any extension
of the time requested by the defendant
shall be at the discretion of the people’s
court. |
第二百四十六条 【答辩期间】被告在中华人民共和国领域内没有住所的，人民法院应当将起诉状副本送达被告，并通知被告在收到起诉状副本后三十日内提出答辩状。被告申请延期的，是否准许，由人民法院决定。
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|
Article 247
If any party who has no domicile in the
People’s
Republic of China is dissatisfied with a
judgment or ruling made by a people’s
court of first instance, he shall have
the right to file an appeal within 30
days from the date the written judgment
or ruling is served. The appellee shall
forward his motion of defense within 30
days after he has received a copy of the
motion of appeal. If a party is unable
to file an appeal or forward a motion of
defense within the period of time
prescribed by law and therefore requests
an extension of the period, the people’s
court shall decide to approve or
disapprove the request. |
第二百四十七条 【上诉期间】在中华人民共和国领域内没有住所的当事人，不服第一审人民法院判决、裁定的，有权在判决书、裁定书送达之日起三十日内提起上诉。被上诉人在收到上诉状副本后，应当在三十日内提出答辩状。当事人不能在法定期间提起上诉或者提出答辩状，申请延期的，是否准许，由人民法院决定。
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|
Article 248
The time period for handling a civil
case involving foreign elements by the
people’s court
shall not be limited by the provisions
of Article 135 and 159 of this Law.
|
第二百四十八条 【特别规定】人民法院审理涉外民事案件的期间，不受本法第一百三十五条、第一百五十九条规定的限制。 |
|
Chapter 26
Property Preservation |
第二十六章 财产保全
|
|
Article 249
The parties may, according to the
provisions of Article 92 of this Law,
apply to the people’s
court for property preservation. |
第二百四十九条 【保全申请】当事人依照本法第九十二条的规定可以向人民法院申请财产保全。
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|
Article 250
After a people’s
court rules to grant a request for
property preservation before litigation,
the applicant shall bring a lawsuit
within 30 days. If he fails to bring a
lawsuit within the time limit, the
people’s court
shall cancel the property preservation.
|
第二百五十条 【诉前保全】人民法院裁定准许诉前财产保全后，申请人应当在三十日内提起诉讼。逾期不起诉的，人民法院应当解除财产保全。
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|
Article 251
After a people’s
court rules to grant a request for
property preservation, if a surety is
provided by the person against whom
application for the property
preservation is made, the people’s
court shall cancel the property
preservation. |
第二百五十一条 【保全解除】人民法院裁定准许财产保全后，被申请人提供担保的，人民法院应当解除财产保全。
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|
Article 252
If an application is wrongfully made,
the applicant shall compensate the
person against whom the application is
made for losses incurred by the property
preservation. |
第二百五十二条 【保全错误赔偿】申请有错误的，申请人应当赔偿被申请人因财产保全所遭受的损失。
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Article 253
If a property preserved by a people’s
court needs to be kept under
surveillance, it shall notify the unit
concerned to be responsible for the
surveillance, and the person against
whom the application is made shall bear
the expenses thus incurred. |
第二百五十三条 【保全财产监督】人民法院决定保全的财产需要监督的，应当通知有关单位负责监督，费用由被申请人承担。
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|
Article 254
A ruling to cancel the preservation
issued by a people’s
court shall be carried out by an
enforcement officer. |
|
Chapter 27
Arbitration |
第二十七章 仲裁
|
|
Article 255
For disputes involving foreign economic,
trade, transport, or maritime
activities, if the parties have
stipulated clauses on arbitration in
their contracts or have subsequently
reached written agreements on
arbitration, they shall submit such
disputes for arbitration to the
foreign-affair arbitration institutions
of the People’s
Republic of China and shall not bring
lawsuits in a people’s
court. |
第二百五十五条 【纠纷解决方式】涉外经济贸易、运输和海事中发生的纠纷，当事人在合同中订有仲裁条款或者事后达成书面仲裁协议，提交中华人民共和国涉外仲裁机构或者其他仲裁机构仲裁的，当事人不得向人民法院起诉。
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Article 256
If a party applies for the adoption of
property preservation measure, the
foreign-affair arbitration institution
of the People’s
Republic of China shall submit the party’s
application to the intermediate people’s
court located in the place where the
person against whom the application for
the property preservation is filed has
his domicile or where the person’s
property is located. |
第二百五十六条 【财产保全】当事人申请采取财产保全的，中华人民共和国的涉外仲裁机构应当将当事人的申请，提交被申请人住所地或者财产所在地的中级人民法院裁定。
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|
Article 257
If one party fails to comply with the
award made by a foreign-affair
arbitration institution of the People’s
Republic of China, the other party may
apply for the enforcement of the award
to the intermediate people’s
court located in the place where the
person against whom the application for
the enforcement is made has his domicile
or where the property of the person is
located. |
第二百五十七条 【仲裁裁决执行】经中华人民共和国涉外仲裁机构裁决的，当事人不得向人民法院起诉。一方当事人不履行仲裁裁决的，对方当事人可以向被申请人住所地或者财产所在地的中级人民法院申请执行。
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Article 258
If a defendant provides evidence to
prove that the arbitration award made by
a foreign-affair arbitration institution
of the People’s
Republic of China involves any of the
following circumstances, the people’s
court shall, after examination and
verification by a collegial bench, rule
to disallow the enforcement of the
award: |
第二百五十八条 【不予执行情形】对中华人民共和国涉外仲裁机构作出的裁决，被申请人提出证据证明仲裁裁决有下列情形之一的，经人民法院组成合议庭审查核实，裁定不予执行：
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Article 259
If the enforcement of an arbitration
award is disallowed, the parties may
reach a written agreement on arbitration
to re-submit their dispute for a new
arbitration or file a lawsuit in a
people’s
court. |
第二百五十九条 【不予执行后果】仲裁裁决被人民法院裁定不予执行的，当事人可以根据双方达成的书面仲裁协议重新申请仲裁，也可以向人民法院起诉。
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|
Chapter 28
Judicial Assistance |
第二十八章 司法协助
|
|
Article 260
According to the international treaties
concluded or acceded to by the People’s
Republic of China or the principle of
reciprocity, the people’s
courts of China and foreign courts may
request each other’s
assistance in the service of legal
documents, the investigation and
collection of evidence, or other
litigation actions. |
第二百六十条 【协助原则】根据中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约，或者按照互惠原则，人民法院和外国法院可以相互请求，代为送达文书、调查取证以及进行其他诉讼行为。
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Article 261
A request for providing of judicial
assistance shall be conducted through
channels stipulated in the international
treaties concluded or acceded to by the
People’s
Republic of China; if there is no treaty
regarding judicial assistance between
China and the foreign country, such a
request may be made through diplomatic
channels. |
第二百六十一条 【协助途径】请求和提供司法协助，应当依照中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约所规定的途径进行；没有条约关系的，通过外交途径进行。
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|
Article 262
A letter of request for judicial
assistance and its annexes submitted by
a foreign court to a people’s
court shall be appended with Chinese
translations or the texts in the
language specified in the relevant
international treaty. |
第二百六十二条 【文字要求】外国法院请求人民法院提供司法协助的请求书及其所附文件，应当附有中文译本或者国际条约规定的其他文字文本。
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Article 263
The judicial assistance provided by the
people’s
courts shall be carried out according to
the procedure stipulated by the laws of
the People’s
Republic of China. If a foreign court
request for judicial assistance to be
conducted in a special method, it may be
conducted as requested as long as the
special method does not violate any laws
of the People’s
Republic of China. |
第二百六十三条 【协助程序】人民法院提供司法协助，依照中华人民共和国法律规定的程序进行。外国法院请求采用特殊方式的，也可以按照其请求的特殊方式进行，但请求采用的特殊方式不得违反中华人民共和国法律。
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Article 264
If a party applies for enforcement of a
legally effective judgment or ruling
made by a people’s
court and the party subject to the
enforcement or its property is not
within the territory of the People’s
Republic of China, the applicant may
directly apply for the recognition and
enforcement of the judgment or ruling to
the foreign court that has jurisdiction
over the case, or have the people’s
court request a foreign court to
recognize and enforce the judgment or
ruling according to the relevant
provisions of the international treaties
concluded or acceded to by China or on
the principle of reciprocity. |
第二百六十四条 【申请外国承认执行】人民法院作出的发生法律效力的判决、裁定，如果被执行人或者其财产不在中华人民共和国领域内，当事人请求执行的，可以由当事人直接向有管辖权的外国法院申请承认和执行，也可以由人民法院依照中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约的规定，或者按照互惠原则，请求外国法院承认和执行。
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Article 265
If a legally effective judgment or
ruling made by a foreign court seeks the
recognition and enforcement of a people’s
court of the People’s
Republic of China, the party may
directly apply to the intermediate
people’s court
of the People’s
Republic of China that has the
jurisdiction over the case for the
recognition and enforcement, or the
foreign court may, according to the
provisions of the international treaties
concluded or acceded to by the People’s
Republic of China or based on the
principle of reciprocity, request the
recognition and enforcement of a people’s
court. |
第二百六十五条 【外国申请承认执行】外国法院作出的发生法律效力的判决、裁定，需要中华人民共和国人民法院承认和执行的，可以由当事人直接向中华人民共和国有管辖权的中级人民法院申请承认和执行，也可以由外国法院依照该国与中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约的规定，或者按照互惠原则，请求人民法院承认和执行。
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Article 266
After a people’s
court of the People’s
Republic of China reviews an application
or pleading for the recognition and
enforcement of a legally effective
judgment or ruling rendered by a foreign
court according to the international
treaties concluded or acceded to by the
People’s
Republic of China or based on the
principle of reciprocity, if the court
considers that such a judgment or ruling
does not contradict the basic principles
of the laws of the People’s
Republic of China nor violates the
national, social, and public interest of
China, the court may render a ruling to
recognize its force. Where the
enforcement is necessary, the court may
issue an order to enforce a foreign
judgment according to the relevant
provisions of this Law. If a legally
effective judgment or ruling rendered by
a foreign court contradicts the basic
principles of the law of the People’s
Republic of China or the national,
social, and public interest of China,
the people’s
court shall reject the application of
recognition and enforcement. |
第二百六十六条 【外国裁判承认执行】人民法院对申请或者请求承认和执行的外国法院作出的发生法律效力的判决、裁定，依照中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约，或者按照互惠原则进行审查后，认为不违反中华人民共和国法律的基本原则或者国家主权、安全、社会公共利益的，裁定承认其效力，需要执行的，发出执行令，依照本法的有关规定执行。违反中华人民共和国法律的基本原则或者国家主权、安全、社会公共利益的，不予承认和执行。
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Article 267
If an award made by a foreign
arbitration institution needs the
recognition and enforcement of a people’s
court of the People’s
Republic of China, the party shall
directly apply to the intermediate
people’s court
located in the place where the party
subject to the enforcement has its
domicile or where its property is
located. The people’s
court shall deal with the matter
according to the relevant provisions of
the international treaties concluded or
acceded to by the People’s
Republic of China or on the principle of
reciprocity. |
第二百六十七条 【国外裁决承认执行】国外仲裁机构的裁决，需要中华人民共和国人民法院承认和执行的，应当由当事人直接向被执行人住所地或者其财产所在地的中级人民法院申请，人民法院应当依照中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约，或者按照互惠原则办理。
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Article 268
This Law shall become effective as of
the date of promulgation, and the Civil
Procedure Law of the People’s
Republic of China (for Trial
Implementation) shall be annulled as of
the same date. |
第二百六十八条 【生效日期】本法自公布之日起施行，《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法（试行）（试行）》同时废止。 |
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【本法变迁史】
中华人民共和国主席令
中华人民共和国主席 胡锦涛
全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于修改《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》的决定
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I. Paragraph
2 of Article 103 shall be revised as:
“With respect
to a unit that commits any of the acts
specified in the preceding paragraph,
the people’s
court may impose a fine on the principal
leading personnel of the unit or the
person directly responsible; and may
detain them if they still fail to
perform the obligation to provide
assistance; and may also make judicial
suggestions to the procuratorial organ
or other relevant authorities on
imposing a disciplinary sanction on the
unit.” |
一、第一百零三条第二款修改为：“人民法院对有前款规定的行为之一的单位，可以对其主要负责人或者直接责任人员予以罚款；对仍不履行协助义务的，可以予以拘留；并可以向监察机关或者有关机关提出予以纪律处分的司法建议。” |
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II.
Paragraph 1 of Article 104 shall be
revised as: “A
fine on an individual shall be not more
than Renminbi 10, 000 Yuan. A fine on a
unit shall be not less than Renminbi
10,000 Yuan and not more than Renminbi
300,000 Yuan.” |
二、第一百零四条第一款修改为：“对个人的罚款金额，为人民币一万元以下。对单位的罚款金额，为人民币一万元以上三十万元以下。” |
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III. Article
178 shall be revised as:
“If a party
considers that a legally effective
judgment or ruling has some errors, he
may petition the people’s
court at the next higher level for
retrial; however, the enforcement of the
judgment or ruling shall not be
suspended.” |
三、第一百七十八条修改为：“当事人对已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，认为有错误的，可以向上一级人民法院申请再审，但不停止判决、裁定的执行。” |
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IV.
Paragraph 1 of Article 179 shall be
changed into Article 179 and be revised
as: “If a
petition for retrial made by a party
involves any of the following
circumstances, the people’s
court shall retry the case: |
四、第一百七十九条第一款改为第一百七十九条，修改为：“当事人的申请符合下列情形之一的，人民法院应当再审： |
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V. One
article shall be added as Article 180:
“A party that
applies for retrial shall submit a
retrial petition and other materials.
The people’s
court shall, within five days after
receiving the retrial petition, serve
the duplicate copy of the retrial
petition to the opposing party. The
opposing party shall submit written
opinions within 15 days after receiving
the duplicate of the retrial petition;
and the failure to submit written
opinions will not affect the review of
the people’s
court. The people’s
court may require the applicant and the
opposing party to supplement relevant
materials and may inquire about relevant
materials.” |
五、增加一条，作为第一百八十条：“当事人申请再审的，应当提交再审申请书等材料。人民法院应当自收到再审申请书之日起五日内将再审申请书副本发送对方当事人。对方当事人应当自收到再审申请书副本之日起十五日内提交书面意见；不提交书面意见的，不影响人民法院审查。人民法院可以要求申请人和对方当事人补充有关材料，询问有关事项。” |
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VI.
Paragraph 2 of Article 179 shall be
changed into Article 181 as:
“The people’s
court shall review a retrial petition
within three months after receiving it,
and rule to retry the case if the
retrial petition is under any of the
circumstances specified in Article 179
of this Law; or rule to reject the
petition if the retrial petition is not
under any of the circumstances specified
in Article 179 of this Law. Where an
extension of the term is necessary due
to special circumstances, it shall be
subject to the approval of the president
of the court. |
六、第一百七十九条第二款改为第一百八十一条，修改为：“人民法院应当自收到再审申请书之日起三个月内审查，符合本法第一百七十九条规定情形之一的，裁定再审；不符合本法第一百七十九条规定的，裁定驳回申请。有特殊情况需要延长的，由本院院长批准。 |
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VII. Article
182 shall be changed into Article 184
as: “Any
retrial petition by a party shall be
made within two years after the judgment
or ruling becomes legally effective; or
be made within three months after the
party has known or should know that the
legal document on which the original
judgment or ruling was made is cancelled
or revised or that the adjudicating
personnel were involved in any conduct
of embezzlement, bribery, practicing
favoritism for himself or relatives, or
twisting the law in rendering judgment
after two years.” |
七、第一百八十二条改为第一百八十四条，修改为：“当事人申请再审，应当在判决、裁定发生法律效力后二年内提出；二年后据以作出原判决、裁定的法律文书被撤销或者变更，以及发现审判人员在审理该案件时有贪污受贿，徇私舞弊，枉法裁判行为的，自知道或者应当知道之日起三个月内提出。” |
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VIII.
Article 185 shall be changed into
Article 187 as: “If
the Supreme People’s
Procuratorate discovers that a legally
effective judgment or ruling made by a
people’s court
at any level, or if a people’s
procuratorate at a higher level
discovers that a legally effective
judgment or ruling made by a people’s
court at a lower level, involves any of
the circumstances specified in Article
179 of this Law, the Supreme People’s
Procuratorate or the people’s
procuratorate at a higher level shall
respectively file a protest. |
八、第一百八十五条改为第一百八十七条，修改为：“最高人民检察院对各级人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，上级人民检察院对下级人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，发现有本法第一百七十九条规定情形之一的，应当提出抗诉。 |
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IX. Article
186 shall be changed into Article 188
as: “With
respect to a case protested by a people’s
procuratorate, the people’s
court that has accepted the protest
shall render a ruling for retrial within
30 days after receiving the protest; and
a case under any of the circumstances
specified in Items (1) up to (5) of
Paragraph 1 of Article 179 of this Law
may be retried by the people’s
court at the next lower level.” |
九、第一百八十六条改为第一百八十八条，修改为：“人民检察院提出抗诉的案件，接受抗诉的人民法院应当自收到抗诉书之日起三十日内作出再审的裁定；有本法第一百七十九条第一款第（一）项至第（五）项规定情形之一的，可以交下一级人民法院再审。” |
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X. Article
207 shall be changed into Article 201,
and Paragraph 1 shall be revised as:
“Legally
effective judgments or rulings of civil
cases or the portion of the criminal
judgments or rulings regarding property
shall be enforced by the people’s
court of first instance or the people’s
court at the same level where the
property to be enforced is located.” |
十、第二百零七条改为第二百零一条，第一款修改为：“发生法律效力的民事判决、裁定，以及刑事判决、裁定中的财产部分，由第一审人民法院或者与第一审人民法院同级的被执行的财产所在地人民法院执行。” |
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XI. One
article shall be added as Article 202:
“If a party or
any interested party considers that the
enforcement is in violation of legal
provisions, the party may file a written
objection to the people’s
court in charge of the enforcement. If a
party or any interested party files a
written objection, the people’s
court shall review the written objection
within 15 days after receiving it. If
the objection is tenable, the people’s
court shall rule to cancel or correct
the enforcement; and if the objection is
untenable, the people’s
court shall rule to reject the
objection. If a party or any interested
party is not satisfied with the ruling,
it may apply for reconsideration to the
people’s court
at the next higher level within 10 days
after the ruling is served.” |
十一、增加一条，作为第二百零二条：“当事人、利害关系人认为执行行为违反法律规定的，可以向负责执行的人民法院提出书面异议。当事人、利害关系人提出书面异议的，人民法院应当自收到书面异议之日起十五日内审查，理由成立的，裁定撤销或者改正；理由不成立的，裁定驳回。当事人、利害关系人对裁定不服的，可以自裁定送达之日起十日内向上一级人民法院申请复议。” |
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XII. One
article shall be added as Article 203:
“If the people’s
court fails to make enforcement within
six months after receiving the
application for enforcement, the person
who has applied for the enforcement may
apply for the enforcement to the people’s
court at the next higher level. Upon
review, the people’s
court at the next higher level may order
the original people’s
court to make enforcement within a
specified period of time, or may decide
to make enforcement by itself or direct
any other people’s
court to make enforcement.” |
十二、增加一条，作为第二百零三条：“人民法院自收到申请执行书之日起超过六个月未执行的，申请执行人可以向上一级人民法院申请执行。上一级人民法院经审查，可以责令原人民法院在一定期限内执行，也可以决定由本院执行或者指令其他人民法院执行。” |
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XIII.
Article 208 shall be changed into
Article 204 as: “If,
during the course of enforcement, a
person who is not involved in the case
files a written objection regarding the
subject matter of the enforcement, the
people’s court
shall review the written objection
within 15 days after receiving it. If
the objection is tenable, the people’s
court shall rule to suspend the
enforcement on the subject matter; and
if the objection is untenable, it shall
rule to reject the objection. If a
person who is not involved in the case
or a party involved is not satisfied
with the ruling and considers that there
is an error in the original judgment or
ruling, it shall be dealt with according
to the procedure of adjudication
supervision; and if a written objection
is irrelevant to the original judgment
or ruling, the relevant party may file a
lawsuit with the people’s
court within 15 days after the ruling is
served.”
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十三、第二百零八条改为第二百零四条，修改为：“执行过程中，案外人对执行标的提出书面异议的，人民法院应当自收到书面异议之日起十五日内审查，理由成立的，裁定中止对该标的的执行；理由不成立的，裁定驳回。案外人、当事人对裁定不服，认为原判决、裁定错误的，依照审判监督程序办理；与原判决、裁定无关的，可以自裁定送达之日起十五日内向人民法院提起诉讼。” |
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XIV. Article
209 shall be changed into Article 205,
and Paragraph 3 shall be revised as:
“The people’s
court may, when necessary, establish
enforcement organs.” |
十四、第二百零九条改为第二百零五条，第三款修改为：“人民法院根据需要可以设立执行机构。” |
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XV. Article
219 shall be changed into Article 215
as: “The time
limit for the submission of an
application for enforcement shall be two
years. The suspension or termination of
the time limit for the submission of an
application for enforcement shall be
governed by the provisions on the
suspension or termination of the statute
of limitation. |
十五、第二百一十九条改为第二百一十五条，修改为：“申请执行的期间为二年。申请执行时效的中止、中断，适用法律有关诉讼时效中止、中断的规定。 |
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XVI. Article
220 shall be changed into Article 216,
and one paragraph shall be added as
Paragraph 2: “If
a person to be enforced fails to fulfill
the obligations specified in a legal
document and may hide or transfer his
property, the enforcement officers may
take the compulsory enforcement measure
immediately.” |
十六、第二百二十条改为第二百一十六条，增加一款，作为第二款：“被执行人不履行法律文书确定的义务，并有可能隐匿、转移财产的，执行员可以立即采取强制执行措施。” |
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XVII. One
article shall be added as Article 217:
“If a person
to be enforced fails to fulfill the
obligations specified in a legal
document as instructed by the
enforcement notice, he shall report his
property situations for the time being
and one year before he received the
enforcement notice. If a person to be
enforced refuses to report his property
situations or makes a false report, the
people’s court
may, based on the circumstances, impose
a fine or detention on the person to be
enforced, his legal representative or
the principal leading personnel of the
unit or the person directly responsible.” |
十七、增加一条，作为第二百一十七条：“被执行人未按执行通知履行法律文书确定的义务，应当报告当前以及收到执行通知之日前一年的财产情况。被执行人拒绝报告或者虚假报告的，人民法院可以根据情节轻重对被执行人或者其法定代理人、有关单位的主要负责人或者直接责任人员予以罚款、拘留。” |
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XVIII. One
article shall be added as Article 231:
“If a person
to be enforced fails to fulfill the
obligations specified in a legal
document, the people’s
court may adopt or notify relevant units
to assist to adopt the measure of
restricting the exit, making records on
the credit system, making public the
information about nonperformance of duty
through public media or any other
measure stipulated by law.” |
十八、增加一条，作为第二百三十一条：“被执行人不履行法律文书确定的义务的，人民法院可以对其采取或者通知有关单位协助采取限制出境，在征信系统记录、通过媒体公布不履行义务信息以及法律规定的其他措施。” |
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XIX. Chapter
XIX of “Procedure
for Bankrupt Legal-person Enterprises to
Repay Debts”
shall be deleted. |
十九、删去第十九章“企业法人破产还债程序”。 |
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| Copyright Notice® All Rights Reserved By Jiangyu Wang |