World Trade

Organization

 

 

G/SCM/N/1/CHN/1

11 September 2002

 

(02-4783)

 

 

Committee on Subsidies

and Countervailing Measures

Original:  English

 

 

 

NOTIFICATION OF LAWS AND REGULATIONS UNDER

ARTICLE 32.6 OF THE AGREEMENT

 

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

 

 

            The following communication, dated 3 September 2002, has been received from the Permanent Mission of the People's Republic of China.

 

_______________

 

 


REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

ON COUNTERVAILING MEASURES

 

            (Adopted at the 46th Executive Meeting of the State Council on 31 October 2001, promulgated by Decree No. 329 of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China, and effective as of 1 January 2002)

 

CHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISIONS

 

            Article 1.  These Regulations are formulated in accordance with the Foreign Trade Law of the People's Republic of China for the purpose of maintaining the foreign trade order and fair competition.

 

            Article 2.  Where an imported product to which a subsidy is granted causes material injury or threat of material injury to an established domestic industry, or causes material retardation of the establishment of such an industry, a countervailing investigation shall be initiated and countervailing measures applied in accordance with the provisions of these Regulations.

 

CHAPTER II - SUBSIDY AND INJURY

 

            Article 3.  The term “subsidy” means a financial contribution or any form of income or price support which is provided by the government or any public body of an exporting country (region) and which will benefit the recipients.

 

            The government or any public body of an exporting country (region) is hereinafter collectively referred to as “the government of an exporting country (region)".

 

            The term "financial contribution" in Paragraph 1 of this Article shall include:

 

            (1)        the government of an exporting country (region) directly provides funds in form of grants, loans, or equity infusion, etc., or potentially directly transfers funds or liabilities in form of loan guarantees or otherwise;

 

            (2)        the government of an exporting country (region) forgoes or does not collect revenue that is otherwise due;

 

            (3)        the government of an exporting country (region) provides goods or services other than general infrastructure, or purchases goods;

 

            (4)        the government of an exporting country (region) carries out the above-mentioned functions by making payments to a funding mechanism, or entrusts or directs a private body to carry out the above-mentioned functions.

 

            Article 4.  A subsidy subject to countervailing investigation and countervailing measures under these Regulations must be specific.

 

            A subsidy falling under one of the following circumstances shall be specific:

 

            (1)        the subsidy received by certain enterprises or industries explicitly specified by the government of an exporting country (region);  

 

            (2)        the subsidy received by certain enterprises or industries explicitly provided for in laws and regulations of an  exporting country (region);

 

            (3)        the subsidy received by enterprises or industries located within a designated specific area;

 

            (4)        the subsidy contingent upon export performance, including those illustrated in the List of Export Subsidies annexed to these Regulations;

 

            (5)        the subsidy contingent upon the use of domestic over imported products.

 

            In determining the specificity of a subsidy, such factors as the number of subsidized enterprises, the amount, proportion, length of time, and form of the subsidy received by enterprises shall also be considered.

 

            Article 5.  The Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation (hereinafter referred to as “MOFTEC”) shall be responsible for the investigation and determination of a subsidy.

 

            Article 6.  The amount of a subsidy to an imported product shall be calculated according to the following methods by distinguishing among differing cases:

 

            (1)        where the subsidy is  granted in form of a grant, the amount of the subsidy shall be calculated on the basis of the actual amount received by an enterprise;   

 

            (2)        where the subsidy is granted in form of a loan, the amount of the subsidy shall be calculated on the basis of the difference between the amount of interest an enterprise should pay on a loan in the ordinary commercial loan conditions and the amount of interest the enterprise pays on this loan;      

 

            (3)        where the subsidy is granted in form of a loan guarantee, the amount of the subsidy shall be calculated on the basis of the difference between the amount of interest an enterprise should pay on a commercial loan absent such guarantee and the amount of interest the enterprise actually pays on a loan guaranteed;     

 

            (4)        where the subsidy is granted in form of an equity infusion, the amount of the subsidy shall be calculated on the basis of the actual amount of the capital an enterprise receives;     

 

            (5)        where the subsidy is granted in form of the provision of goods or services, the amount of the subsidy shall be calculated on the basis of the difference between the price of the goods or services at normal market price and the price that an enterprise actually pays;

 

            (6)        where the subsidy is granted in form of purchase of goods, the amount of the subsidy shall be calculated on the basis of the difference between the actual price the government pays and the normal market price of the goods;

 

            (7)        where the subsidy is granted in form of forgoing or not collecting due revenue, the amount of the subsidy shall be calculated on the basis of the difference between the amount payable under law and the actual amount an enterprise pays;      

 

            The amount of subsidies granted in forms other than those enumerated in the preceding paragraph shall be calculated in a fair and reasonable way.

 

            Article 7.  The term “injury” means material injury or threat of material injury caused by a subsidy to an established domestic industry, or material retardation of the establishment of a domestic industry.       

 

            The State Economic and Trade Commission (hereinafter referred to as “SETC”) shall be responsible for the investigation and determination of injury. The countervailing investigation of injury to a domestic industry involving agricultural products shall be conducted by SETC jointly with the Ministry of Agriculture.

 

            Article 8.  The following factors shall be examined in the determination of injury caused by a subsidy to a domestic industry:

 

            (1)        the trade effects likely to arise from the subsidy;

 

            (2)        whether the volume of subsidized imports, including the volume of subsidized imports either in absolute terms or relative to the production or consumption of a like domestic product, has been increasing significantly, or the possibility of a significant increase in subsidized imports;

 

            (3)        the effects of subsidized imports on prices, including the price undercutting of the subsidized imports, or the significant suppressing or depressing effects on the price of a like domestic product, etc.;

 

            (4)        the impact of the subsidized imports on the relevant economic factors and indices of the domestic industry;

 

            (5)        the production capacity or export capacity of the exporting country (region) or  the country (region) of origin, and inventories  of the product under investigation;

 

            (6)        other factors that may cause or have caused injury to a domestic industry.

 

            The determination of threat of material injury shall be based on facts and not merely on allegation, conjecture or remote possibility.

 

            When determining the injury caused by a subsidy to a domestic industry, the determination shall be based on positive evidence, and the injuries caused by factors other than subsidy must not be attributed to the subsidy.

 

            Article 9.  Where subsidized products from more than one country (region) simultaneously satisfy the following requirements, the effects of such subsidized imports on a domestic industry may be cumulatively assessed:

 

            (1)        the amount of subsidization established in relation to the subsidized imports from each country (region) is not de minimis, and the volume of imports from each country is not negligible;

 

            (2)        a cumulative assessment of the effects of the subsidized imports is appropriate in light of the conditions of competition between  the subsidized imports and the conditions of competition between the subsidized imports and the like domestic product.

 

            A subsidy is de minimis if the amount of the subsidy is less than 1 per cent of the value of a product; however, with respect to the subsidized products from developing countries (regions), the subsidy is de minimis if the amount of the subsidy is less than 2 per cent of the value of a product.

 

            Article 10.  The effect of the subsidized imports shall be assessed in relation to the separate identification of the domestic production of the like product. If such separate identification of that production is not possible, the effect of the subsidized imports shall be assessed by the examination of the production of the narrowest group or range of products, including the like domestic product.        

 

            Article 11.  The term “domestic industry” means the domestic producers as a whole of the like products within the People’s Republic of China or those of them whose collective output of the products constitutes a major proportion of the total production of those products, except that when domestic producers are related to the exporters or importers or are themselves importers of the subsidized products or like products.           

 

            In exceptional circumstances, the producers within a regional domestic market may be regarded as a separate industry if the producers within such market sell all or almost all of the like products in that market, and the demand in that market is not to any substantial degree supplied by domestic producers of the like products located in other domestic regions.

 

            Article 12.  The term “like product” means the product that is identical to the subsidized product, or in the absence of such a product, another product that has characteristics closely resembling the subsidized product.

 

CHAPTER III - COUNTERVAILING INVESTIGATION

 

            Article 13.  Any domestic industry or natural person, legal person or relevant organization on behalf of the domestic industry (hereinafter collectively referred to as “the applicant”) may make a written application to MOFTEC for a countervailing investigation in accordance with the provisions of these Regulations.

 

            Article 14.  The application shall contain the following information:

 

            (1)        the name, address and other relevant information of the applicant;

 

            (2)        a complete description of the imported products in question, including the names of the products, the exporting countries (regions) or the countries (regions) of origin concerned, the identity of known exporters or producers, etc.;

 

            (3)        a description of the volume and value of domestic production of the  like product;

 

            (4)        the effect of the volume and price of the imported product in question on the domestic industry;

 

            (5)        other information that the applicant considers as necessary to submit.

 

            Article 15.  The application shall be supported by the following evidence:

 

            (1)        existence of a subsidy to the imported product in question;

 

            (2)        injury caused to a domestic industry;

            (3)        existence of a causal link between the subsidy and the injury;

 

            Article 16.  MOFTEC shall, within 60 days from the date of receipt of the application and relevant evidence submitted by the applicant, examine whether the application is made by or on behalf of the domestic industry and the contents of the application and the evidence attached thereto, and shall, after consulting with SETC, decide whether or not to initiate an investigation. Under special circumstances, the examination period may be extended.

 

            Prior to the decision to initiate an investigation, the government of the country (region) the product of which may be subject to such investigation shall be invited for consultation regarding the subsidy in question.

 

            Article 17.  An application shall be considered to have been made by or on behalf of the domestic industry, and a countervailing investigation may be initiated, if the application is supported by those domestic producers whose collective output constitutes more than 50 per cent of the total production of the like product produced by that portion of the domestic industry expressing either support for or opposition to the application. However, no investigation shall be initiated when the output of those domestic producers expressly supporting the application accounts for less than 25 per cent of total production of the like domestic product.

 

            Article 18.  If, in special circumstances, MOFTEC does not receive any written application for a countervailing investigation, but has sufficient evidence of a subsidy, injury and causal link between the two, it may, after consulting with SETC, decide to initiate an investigation.

 

            MOFTEC and SETC are hereinafter collectively referred to as “the investigating authorities”.

 

            Article 19.  MOFTEC shall publish the decision to initiate an investigation and notify the applicants, the known exporters and importers, other interested organizations and parties (hereinafter collectively referred to as “the interested parties”), and the government of an exporting country (region).

 

            As soon as the decision to initiate an investigation has been published, MOFTEC shall provide the full text of the application to the known exporters and the government of the exporting country (region).

 

            Article 20.  The investigating authorities may conduct investigation and collect information from interested parties by, among others, sending questionnaires, using samples, holding hearings and making on-the-spot verification.

 

            The investigating authorities shall provide opportunities for all interested parties and the government of interested country (region) to present their views and supporting arguments.

 

            MOFTEC may send its staff members to the countries (regions) concerned to carry out investigations if it deems necessary to do so, unless the countries (regions) concerned object to such an investigation.

 

            Article 21.  An interested party and the government of an interested country (region) shall provide authentic information and relevant documentation to the investigating authorities in the process of the investigation.  In the event that any interested party or the government of the interested country (region) does not provide authentic information and relevant documentation, or does not provide necessary information within a reasonable time-limit, or significantly impedes the investigation in other way, the investigating authorities may make determinations on the basis of the facts available.  

 

            Article 22.  An interested party or the government of an interested country (region) may request the investigating authorities to treat the information it provided as confidential if they consider that any disclosure of such information would create significantly adverse effect.

 

            The investigating authorities shall treat the information submitted by the interested party or the government of the interested country (region) as confidential if they consider that the request for confidentiality is justifiable, and shall require the interested party and/or the government of the interested country (region) to provide non-confidential summaries thereof.

 

            The confidential information shall not be disclosed without permission of the interested party or the government of the interested country (region) submitting it.

 

            Article 23.  The investigating authorities shall allow applicants, interested parties and governments of interested countries (regions) to have access to the information relevant to the investigation, provided that the information has not been treated as confidential.

 

            Article 24.  Throughout the period of investigation, the government of the country (region) the products of which are the subject of the investigation shall be afforded a reasonable opportunity to continue consultations. The consultations shall not prevent the investigating authorities from conducting investigations and adopting countervailing measures in accordance with the provisions of these Regulations.

 

            Article 25.  MOFTEC and SETC shall, on the basis of their findings, make a preliminary determination on subsidization and injury respectively, and make a preliminary determination on where there exists a causal link between subsidization and injury. The preliminary determinations shall be published by MOFTEC.

 

            Article 26.  In the case where a preliminary determination on subsidization, injury and the causal link between the two is affirmative, MOFTEC and SETC shall conduct further investigations on the subsidization and its amount, the injury and its degree and make final determinations respectively on the basis of their findings. The final determinations shall be published by MOFTEC.

Before the final determinations are made, MOFTEC shall inform all known interested parties and the government of the interested country (region) of the essential facts on which the final determinations are based.

 

            Article 27.  A countervailing investigation shall be concluded within 12 months from the date of publication of the decision to initiate the investigation, and such period may be extended in special circumstances, but in no case the extension shall be more than 6 months.

 

            Article 28.  In any one of the following circumstances, a countervailing investigation shall be terminated and such termination shall be published by MOFTEC:

 

            (1)        the application has been withdrawn by the applicant;

 

            (2)        there is no sufficient evidence of the existence of a subsidy, injury and causal link between them;

 

            (3)        the amount of  the subsidy is de minimis;

 

            (4)        the actual or potential volume of the subsidized imports or the injury is negligible;

 

            (5)        an agreement has been reached with the government of the  country (region) concerned after consultations, and therefore the countervailing investigation is no longer necessary;

 

            (6)        other circumstances that both MOFTEC and SETC consider not appropriate to continue the countervailing investigation.

 

            If the product under investigation imported from one country (region) or some countries (regions) falls into one of the circumstances set forth in Item (2), (3), (4) or (5) of the preceding paragraph, the countervailing investigation on such product shall be terminated.

 

CHAPTER IV - COUNTERVAILING MEASURES

 

Section I:  Provisional Measures

 

            Article 29.  Provisional countervailing measures may be applied if the preliminary determination establishes the existence of a subsidy and the injury caused by the subsidy to a domestic industry.

 

            Provisional countervailing measures shall take the form of provisional countervailing duties guaranteed by cash deposits or bonds.

 

            Article 30.  The proposal applying provisional countervailing measures shall be put forward by MOFTEC, on the basis of which the State Council Tariff Commission shall make a decision thereon. The decision shall be published by MOFTEC.  The Customs shall implement the decision from the effective date set forth in the public notice.

 

            Article 31.  The period for applying provisional countervailing measures shall not exceed 4 months from the effective date set forth in the public notice regarding the decision on provisional countervailing measures.

 

            No provisional countervailing measures shall be applied within 60 days from the date of publication of the decision to initiate the countervailing investigation.

 

Section II:  Undertakings

 

            Article 32.  During the period of a countervailing investigation, if the government of an exporting country (region) proposes an undertaking to eliminate or limit a subsidy or takes other relevant measures, or if an exporter proposes an undertaking to revise its prices, MOFTEC shall give it full consideration.

 

            MOFTEC may suggest price undertakings to an exporter or the government of an exporting country (region).

 

            The investigating authorities shall not force an exporter to enter into any undertaking.

 

            Article 33.  The fact that exporters or governments of exporting countries (regions) do not offer undertakings, or do not accept any suggestion regarding price undertakings, shall in no way prejudice the investigation and determination of a countervailing case. The investigating authorities have the right to determine that a threat of injury is more likely to be realized if the exporters continue subsidizing the imports.

 

            Article 34.  If considering that an undertaking is acceptable, MOFTEC may, after consulting with SETC, decide to suspend or terminate the countervailing investigation without applying provisional countervailing measures or imposing countervailing duties. The decision to suspend or terminate the countervailing investigation shall be published by MOFTEC.

 

            If MOFTEC does not accept an undertaking, it shall provide the reasons therefor to the exporter concerned.

 

            Undertakings shall not be sought or accepted unless the investigating authorities have made a preliminary affirmative determination of subsidization and injury caused by such subsidization.  In the case where an exporter enters into an undertaking without consent of the government of an exporting country (region), the investigating authorities shall not seek or accept such an undertaking.

 

            Article 35.  After the suspension or termination of the investigation according to the provisions of Paragraph 1, Article 34 of these Regulations, upon the request of the government of an exporting country (region) or the investigating authorities deem necessary, the investigating authorities may continue the investigation of subsidization and injury.

 

            On the basis of the findings of the investigation, the undertaking shall automatically lapse if a negative determination is made on subsidization or injury, or shall remain in force if the determination is affirmative.

 

            Article 36.  MOFTEC may require the exporter or the government of an exporting country (region) from whom an undertaking has been accepted to provide periodically information and documentation relevant to the fulfilment of such an undertaking, and make verification on such information and documentation.

 

            Article 37.  In case of violation of an undertaking, MOFTEC may, after consulting with SETC, decide to resume the countervailing investigation immediately in accordance with the provisions of these Regulations, or on the basis of the best information available, decide to apply provisional countervailing measures and levy a countervailing duty retroactively on the product imported within 90 days prior to the application of such provisional countervailing measures, except the product imported before the violation of the undertaking.

 

Section III:  Countervailing Duties

 

            Article 38.  If the efforts made to complete consultations produce no positive results, and a final determination establishes the existence of subsidy and the injury caused by the subsidy to a domestic industry, a countervailing duty may be imposed.

 

            Article 39.  The proposal imposing a countervailing duty shall be put forward by MOFTEC, on the basis of which the State Council Tariff Commission shall make a decision which shall be published by MOFTEC. The Customs shall implement the decision from the effective date set forth in the public notice.

 

            Article 40.  Countervailing duties shall be imposed on products imported after the date of the publication of the final determination, with the exception of circumstances set forth in Articles 37, 44 and 45 of these Regulations.

 

            Article 41.  Countervailing duties shall be paid by importers of subsidized imports.

 

            Article 42.  Countervailing duties shall be determined separately on the basis of the amount of subsidy each exporter has received. Where it is necessary to impose a countervailing duty on the subsidized imports of an exporter who was not actually investigated, an expedited review shall be conducted and a countervailing duty applicable to the exporter shall be determined in a reasonable way.

 

            Article 43.  No countervailing duties shall be levied in excess of the amount of a subsidy as established in a final determination.

 

            Article 44.  In the case where a final determination establishes the existence of a material injury, and provisional countervailing measures have been applied prior to the final determination, countervailing duties may be levied retroactively for the period for which provisional countervailing measures have been applied.

 

            In the case where a final determination establishes the existence of a threat of material injury, and provisional countervailing measures have been applied in the situation that the absence of such provisional countervailing measures would have led to a determination of injury, countervailing duties may be levied retroactively for the period for which provisional countervailing measures have been applied.

 

            If the countervailing duty determined in a final determination is higher than the amount guaranteed by the cash deposit or bond, the difference shall not be collected; if the duty is less than the amount guaranteed by the cash deposit or bond, the excess amount shall be reimbursed.

 

            Article 45.  When the following three circumstances exist simultaneously, a countervailing duty may, when necessary, be retroactively levied on products imported not more than 90 days prior to the date of application of provisional countervailing measures:

 

            (1)        the subsidized imports increased massively  during a short period of time;

 

            (2)        such increase has caused injury which is difficult repair to a domestic industry; and

 

            (3)        such products have  benefited from the subsidy.

 

            Article 46.  Where a final determination decides not to levy a countervailing duty, or does not decide a retroactive levy of a countervailing duty, any cash deposit made during the period of the application of provisional countervailing measures shall be refunded and any bonds released.

         

CHAPTER V - DURATION AND REVIEW OF COUNTERVAILING

DUTIES AND UNDERTAKINGS

 

            Article 47.  The period for the levy of a countervailing duty and fulfilment of an undertaking shall not exceed 5 years. However, the period for the levy of the countervailing duty may be extended as appropriate if, as a result of review, it is determined that the termination of the countervailing duty would be likely to lead to continuation or recurrence of subsidization and injury.

 

            Article 48.  After a countervailing duty has taken effect, MOFTEC may, after consulting with SETC, decide on justifiable grounds to review the need for the continued imposition of the countervailing duty; such a review may also be conducted, provided that a reasonable period of time has elapsed, upon request by any interested party and on the basis of examination of the relevant evidence submitted by the interested party.

 

            After an undertaking has taken effect, MOFTEC may, on justifiable grounds, decide to review the need for the continued fulfilment of an undertaking; such a review may also be conducted, provided that a reasonable period of time has elapsed, upon request by any interested party and on the basis of examination of the relevant evidence submitted by the interested party

 

            Article 49.  On the basis of the findings of a review, MOFTEC shall, in accordance with the provisions of these Regulations, make a proposal on the retention, revision, or termination of a countervailing duty. The State Council Tariff Commission shall, in light of the proposal made by MOFTEC, make a decision which shall be published by MOFTEC. Meanwhile, MOFTEC may, after consulting with SETC, make a decision on the retention, revision or termination of an undertaking and publish such decision in accordance with the provisions of these Regulations.

 

            Article 50.  The review proceedings shall be conducted with reference to the relevant provisions of these Regulations on countervailing investigation.

 

            Any review shall be concluded within 12 months of the date of decision of initiation of such a review.

 

            Article 51.  During the period of review, the review proceedings shall not impede the application of countervailing measures.

 

CHAPTER VI - SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS

 

            Article 52.  Where any party is not satisfied with a final determination made under Article 26 of these Regulations, or not satisfied with a decision on whether or not to impose a countervailing duty and a decision on retroactive imposition of a duty, made under Chapter IV of these Regulations, or not satisfied with the review findings made under Chapter V of these Regulations, it may, in accordance with the law, apply for administrative reconsideration, or file a lawsuit in the people's court.

 

            Article 53.  A public notice issued under these Regulations shall contain, inter alia, important information, facts, reasons, basis, findings and conclusions, etc.

 

            Article 54.  MOFTEC and SETC may take appropriate measures to prevent the circumvention of countervailing measures.

 

            Article 55.  Where any country (region) discriminatorily imposes countervailing measures on exports from the People's Republic of China, the People’s Republic of China may, on the basis of actual situations, response by taking corresponding measures against that country (region).

 

            Article 56.  MOFTEC shall be responsible for foreign-related consultations, notification and dispute settlement concerning countervailing activities.

 

            Article 57.  MOFTEC and SETC may, in accordance with these Regulations, formulate specific implementing measures of these Regulations.

 

            Article 58.  These Regulations shall be effective as of 1 January 2002.  The provisions on countervailing measures contained in the Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Anti-Dumping and Anti-Subsidy promulgated by the State Council on 25 March 1997 shall be repealed simultaneously.


 

ANNEX

 

List of Export Subsidies

 

1.         The provision of direct subsidies by the government of an exporting country (region) to an enterprise or industry contingent upon export performance.

 

2.         Foreign currency retention schemes or any similar practices which involve bonus on exports.

 

3.         Internal transport or freight charges on exports, provided for or approved by the government of an exporting country (region), on terms more favorable than for domestic goods.

 

4.         The provision of goods or services by the government of an exporting country (region) either directly or indirectly to the production of exports, on term more favorable than for provision of like goods or services to the production of domestic goods, except for special circumstances.

 

5.         The full or partial remission, exemption or deferral of direct taxes or social welfare charges specifically related to exports which have been paid or are payable by enterprises.

 

6.         The deductions directly related to exports or export performance, over and above those granted in respect to domestic production, in the calculation of the base on which direct taxes are charged.

 

7.         The remission, exemption or reimbursement, in respect of the production and distribution of exports, of indirect taxes in excess of those levied in respect of the production and distribution of like domestic products.

 

8.         The remission, exemption, reimbursement or deferral of prior-stage cumulative indirect taxes on goods or services used in the production of exports in excess of the remission, exemption, reimbursement or deferral of like prior-stage cumulative indirect taxes on goods or services used in the production of like domestic product, except for special circumstances.

 

9.         The remission, exemption or reimbursement of import charges on imported inputs for the production of exports in excess of those levied on such inputs when they are imported, except for special circumstances.

 

10.       The provision by the government of an exporting country (region) of export credit guarantee or insurance programmes, of insurance or guarantee programmes against increases in the cost of exported products or of exchange risk programmes at premium rates which are inadequate to cover the long-term operating costs and losses of the programmes.

 

11.       The grant by the government of an exporting country (region) of export credits at rates below those which are actually paid for the employment of such funds, or the payment by it of all or part of the costs incurred by exporters or financial institutions in obtaining credits, in order that that could attain advantages in the field of export credits terms, except for special circumstances.

 

12.       Any other charges on the public account constituting an export subsidy.

 

 

__________

 

  【发布单位】国务院
  
【发布文号】国务院令第329
  
【发布日期】2001-11-26
  
【生效日期】2002-01-01
  
【失效日期】----------
  
【所属类别】国家法律法规

中华人民共和国国务院令

(第329号)

《中华人民共和国反补贴条例》已经2001年10月31日国务院第46次常务会议通过,现予公布,自2002年1月1日起施行。

                           总理 朱镕基
                        二00一年十一月二十六日
            

中华人民共和国反补贴条例

              第一章 总则

 第一条 为了维护对外贸易秩序和公平竞争,根据《中华人民共和国对外贸易法》的有关规定,制定本条例。

 第二条 进口产品存在补贴,并对已经建立的国内产业造成实质损害或者产生实质损害威胁,或者对建立国内产业造成实质阻碍的,依照本条例的规定进行调查,采取反补贴措施。  

             第二章 补贴与损害

 第三条 补贴,是指出口国(地区)政府或者其任何公共机构提供的并为接受者带来利益的财政资助以及任何形式的收入或者价格支持。
  出口国(地区)政府或者其任何公共机构,以下统称出口国(地区)政府。
  本条第一款所称财政资助,包括:
  (一)出口国(地区)政府以拨款、贷款、资本注入等形式直接提供资金,或者以贷款担保等形式潜在地直接转让资金或者债务;
  (二)出口国(地区)政府放弃或者不收缴应收收入;
  (三)出口国(地区)政府提供除一般基础设施以外的货物、服务,或者由出口国(地区)政府购买货物;
  (四)出口国(地区)政府通过向筹资机构付款,或者委托、指令私营机构履行上述职能。

 第四条 依照本条例进行调查、采取反补贴措施的补贴,必须具有专向性。
  具有下列情形之一的补贴,具有专向性:
  (一)由出口国(地区)政府明确确定的某些企业、产业获得的补贴;
  (二)由出口国(地区)法律、法规明确规定的某些企业、产业获得的补贴;
  (三)指定特定区域内的企业、产业获得的补贴;
  (四)以出口实绩为条件获得的补贴,包括本条例所附出口补贴清单列举的各项补贴;
  (五)以使用本国(地区)产品替代进口产品为条件获得的补贴。
  在确定补贴专向性时,还应当考虑受补贴企业的数量和企业受补贴的数额、比例、时间以及给与补贴的方式等因素。

 第五条 对补贴的调查和确定,由对外贸易经济合作部(以下简称外经贸部)负责。

 第六条 进口产品的补贴金额,应当区别不同情况,按照下列方式计算:
  (一)以无偿拨款形式提供补贴的,补贴金额以企业实际接受的金额计算;
  (二)以贷款形式提供补贴的,补贴金额以接受贷款的企业在正常商业贷款条件下应支付的利息与该项贷款的利息差额计算;
  (三)以贷款担保形式提供补贴的,补贴金额以在没有担保情况下企业应支付的利息与有担保情况下企业实际支付的利息之差计算;
  (四)以注入资本形式提供补贴的,补贴金额以企业实际接受的资本金额计算;
  (五)以提供货物或者服务形式提供补贴的,补贴金额以该项货物或者服务的正常市场价格与企业实际支付的价格之差计算;
  (六)以购买货物形式提供补贴的,补贴金额以政府实际支付价格与该项货物正常市场价格之差计算;
  (七)以放弃或者不收缴应收收入形式提供补贴的,补贴金额以依法应缴金额与企业实际缴纳金额之差计算。
  对前款所列形式以外的其他补贴,按照公平、合理的方式确定补贴金额。

 第七条 损害,是指补贴对已经建立的国内产业造成实质损害或者产生实质损害威胁,或者对建立国内产业造成实质阻碍。
  对损害的调查和确定,由国家经济贸易委员会(以下简称国家经贸委)负责;其中,涉及农产品的反补贴国内产业损害调查,由国家经贸委会同农业部进行。

 第八条 在确定补贴对国内产业造成的损害时,应当审查下列事项:
  (一)补贴可能对贸易造成的影响;
  (二)补贴进口产品的数量,包括补贴进口产品的绝对数量或者相对于国内同类产品生产或者消费的数量是否大量增加,或者补贴进口产品大量增加的可能性;
  (三)补贴进口产品的价格,包括补贴进口产品的价格削减或者对国内同类产品的价格产生大幅度抑制、压低等影响;
  (四)补贴进口产品对国内产业的相关经济因素和指标的影响;
  (五)补贴进口产品出口国(地区)、原产国(地区)的生产能力、出口能力,被调查产品的库存情况;
  (六)造成国内产业损害的其他因素。
  对实质损害威胁的确定,应当依据事实,不得仅依据指控、推测或者极小的可能性。
  在确定补贴对国内产业造成的损害时,应当依据肯定性证据,不得将造成损害的非补贴因素归因于补贴。

 第九条 补贴进口产品来自两个以上国家(地区),并且同时满足下列条件的,可以就补贴进口产品对国内产业造成的影响进行累积评估:
  (一)来自每一国家(地区)的补贴进口产品的补贴金额不属于微量补贴,并且其进口量不属于可忽略不计的;
  (二)根据补贴进口产品之间的竞争条件以及补贴进口产品与国内同类产品之间的竞争条件,进行累积评估是适当的。
  微量补贴,是指补贴金额不足产品价值1%的补贴;但是,来自发展中国家(地区)的补贴进口产品的微量补贴,是指补贴金额不足产品价值2%的补贴。

 第十条 评估补贴进口产品的影响,应当对国内同类产品的生产进行单独确定。不能对国内同类产品的生产进行单独确定的,应当审查包括国内同类产品在内的最窄产品组或者范围的生产。

 第十一条 国内产业,是指中华人民共和国国内同类产品的全部生产者,或者其总产量占国内同类产品全部总产量的主要部分的生产者;但是,国内生产者与出口经营者或者进口经营者有关联的,或者其本身为补贴产品或者同类产品的进口经营者的,应当除外。
  在特殊情形下,国内一个区域市场中的生产者,在该市场中销售其全部或者几乎全部的同类产品,并且该市场中同类产品的需求主要不是由国内其他地方的生产者供给的,可以视为一个单独产业。

 第十二条 同类产品,是指与补贴进口产品相同的产品;没有相同产品的,以与补贴进口产品的特性最相似的产品为同类产品。  

             第三章 反补贴调查

 第十三条 国内产业或者代表国内产业的自然人、法人或者有关组织(以下统称申请人),可以依照本条例的规定向外经贸部提出反补贴调查的书面申请。

 第十四条 申请书应当包括下列内容:
  (一)申请人的名称、地址及有关情况;
  (二)对申请调查的进口产品的完整说明,包括产品名称、所涉及的出口国(地区)或者原产国(地区)、已知的出口经营者或者生产者等;
  (三)对国内同类产品生产的数量和价值的说明;
  (四)申请调查进口产品的数量和价格对国内产业的影响;
  (五)申请人认为需要说明的其他内容。

 第十五条 申请书应当附具下列证据:
  (一)申请调查的进口产品存在补贴;
  (二)对国内产业的损害;
  (三)补贴与损害之间存在因果关系。 

 第十六条 外经贸部应当自收到申请人提交的申请书及有关证据之日起60天内,对申请是否由国内产业或者代表国内产业提出、申请书内容及所附具的证据等进行审查,经商国家经贸委后,决定立案调查或者不立案调查。在特殊情形下,可以适当延长审查期限。
  在决定立案调查前,应当就有关补贴事项向产品可能被调查的国家(地区)政府发出进行磋商的邀请。

 第十七条 在表示支持申请或者反对申请的国内产业中,支持者的产量占支持者和反对者的总产量的50%以上的,应当认定申请是由国内产业或者代表国内产业提出,可以启动反补贴调查;但是,表示支持申请的国内生产者的产量不足国内同类产品总产量的25%的,不得启动反补贴调查。

 第十八条 在特殊情形下,外经贸部没有收到反补贴调查的书面申请,但有充分证据认为存在补贴和损害以及二者之间有因果关系的,经商国家经贸委后,可以决定立案调查。
  外经贸部和国家经贸委,以下统称调查机关。

 第十九条 立案调查的决定,由外经贸部予以公告,并通知申请人、已知的出口经营者、进口经营者以及其他有利害关系的组织、个人(以下统称利害关系方)和出口国(地区)政府。
  立案调查的决定一经公告,外经贸部应当将申请书文本提供给已知的出口经营者和出口国(地区)政府。

 第二十条 调查机关可以采用问卷、抽样、听证会、现场核查等方式向利害关系方了解情况,进行调查。
  调查机关应当为有关利害关系方、利害关系国(地区)政府提供陈述意见和论据的机会。
  外经贸部认为必要时,可以派出工作人员赴有关国家(地区)进行调查;但是,有关国家(地区)提出异议的除外。

 第二十一条 调查机关进行调查时,利害关系方、利害关系国(地区)政府应当如实反映情况,提供有关资料。利害关系方、利害关系国(地区)政府不如实反映情况、提供有关资料的,或者没有在合理时间内提供必要信息的,或者以其他方式严重妨碍调查的,调查机关可以根据可获得的事实作出裁定。

 第二十二条 利害关系方、利害关系国(地区)政府认为其提供的资料泄露后将产生严重不利影响的,可以向调查机关申请对该资料按保密资料处理。
  调查机关认为保密申请有正当理由的,应当对利害关系方、利害关系国(地区)政府提供的资料按保密资料处理,同时要求利害关系方、利害关系国(地区)政府提供一份非保密的该资料概要。
  按保密资料处理的资料,未经提供资料的利害关系方、利害关系国(地区)政府同意,不得泄露。

 第二十三条 调查机关应当允许申请人、利害关系方和利害关系国(地区)政府查阅本案有关资料;但是,属于按保密资料处理的除外。

 第二十四条 在反补贴调查期间,应当给予产品被调查的国家(地区)政府继续进行磋商的合理机会。磋商不妨碍调查机关根据本条例的规定进行调查,并采取反补贴措施。

 第二十五条 外经贸部、国家经贸委根据调查结果,分别就补贴、损害作出初裁决定,并就二者之间的因果关系是否成立作出初裁决定,由外经贸部予以公告。

 第二十六条 初裁决定确定补贴、损害以及二者之间的因果关系成立的,外经贸部、国家经贸委应当对补贴及补贴金额、损害及损害程度继续进行调查,并根据调查结果分别作出终裁决定,由外经贸部予以公告。
  在作出终裁决定前,应当由外经贸部将终裁决定所依据的基本事实通知所有已知的利害关系方、利害关系国(地区)政府。

 第二十七条 反补贴调查,应当自立案调查决定公告之日起12个月内结束;特殊情况下可以延长,但延长期不得超过6个月。

 第二十八条 有下列情形之一的,反补贴调查应当终止,并由外经贸部予以公告:
  (一)申请人撤销申请的;
  (二)没有足够证据证明存在补贴、损害或者二者之间有因果关系的;
  (三)补贴金额为微量补贴的;
  (四)补贴进口产品实际或者潜在的进口量或者损害属于可忽略不计的;
  (五)通过与有关国家(地区)政府磋商达成协议,不需要继续进行反补贴调查的;
  (六)外经贸部和国家经贸委共同认为不适宜继续进行反补贴调查的。
  来自一个或者部分国家(地区)的被调查产品有前款第(二)、(三)、(四)、(五)项所列情形之一的,针对所涉产品的反补贴调查应当终止。  

             第四章 反补贴措施

             第一节 临时措施

 第二十九条 初裁决定确定补贴成立,并由此对国内产业造成损害的,可以采取临时反补贴措施。
  临时反补贴措施采取以现金保证金或者保函作为担保的征收临时反补贴税的形式。

 第三十条 采取临时反补贴措施,由外经贸部提出建议,国务院关税税则委员会根据外经贸部的建议作出决定,由外经贸部予以公告。海关自公告规定实施之日起执行。

 第三十一条 临时反补贴措施实施的期限,自临时反补贴措施决定公告规定实施之日起,不超过4个月。
  自反补贴立案调查决定公告之日起60天内,不得采取临时反补贴措施。  

              第二节 承诺

 第三十二条 在反补贴调查期间,出口国(地区)政府提出取消、限制补贴或者其他有关措施的承诺,或者出口经营者提出修改价格的承诺的,外经贸部应当予以充分考虑。
  外经贸部可以向出口经营者或者出口国(地区)政府提出有关价格承诺的建议。
  调查机关不得强迫出口经营者作出承诺。

 第三十三条 出口经营者、出口国(地区)政府不作出承诺或者不接受有关价格承诺的建议的,不妨碍对反补贴案件的调查和确定。出口经营者继续补贴进口产品的,调查机关有权确定损害威胁更有可能出现。

 第三十四条 外经贸部认为承诺能够接受的,经商国家经贸委后,可以决定中止或者终止反补贴调查,不采取临时反补贴措施或者征收反补贴税。中止或者终止反补贴调查的决定由外经贸部予以公告。
  外经贸部不接受承诺的,应当向有关出口经营者说明理由。
  调查机关对补贴以及由补贴造成的损害作出肯定的初裁决定前,不得寻求或者接受承诺。在出口经营者作出承诺的情况下,未经其本国(地区)政府同意的,调查机关不得寻求或者接受承诺。

 第三十五条 依照本条例第三十四条第一款规定中止或者终止调查后,应出口国(地区)政府请求或者调查机关认为有必要,调查机关可以对补贴和损害继续进行调查。
  根据调查结果,作出补贴或者损害的否定裁定的,承诺自动失效;作出补贴或者损害的肯定裁定的,承诺继续有效。

 第三十六条 外经贸部可以要求承诺已被接受的出口经营者或者出口国(地区)政府定期提供履行其承诺的有关情况、资料,并予以核实。

 第三十七条 对违反承诺的,外经贸部经商国家经贸委后,依照本条例的规定,可以立即决定恢复反补贴调查;根据可获得的最佳信息,可以决定采取临时反补贴措施,并可以对实施临时反补贴措施前90天内进口的产品追溯征收反补贴税,但违反承诺前进口的产品除外。  

             第三节 反补贴税

 第三十八条 在为完成磋商的努力没有取得效果的情况下,终裁决定确定补贴成立,并由此对国内产业造成损害的,可以征收反补贴税。

 第三十九条 征收反补贴税,由外经贸部提出建议,国务院关税税则委员会根据外经贸部的建议作出决定,由外经贸部予以公告。海关自公告规定实施之日起执行。

 第四十条 反补贴税适用于终裁决定公告之日后进口的产品,但属于本条例第三十七条、第四十四条、第四十五条规定的情形除外。

 第四十一条 反补贴税的纳税人为补贴进口产品的进口经营者。

 第四十二条 反补贴税应当根据不同出口经营者的补贴金额,分别确定。对实际上未被调查的出口经营者的补贴进口产品,需要征收反补贴税的,应当迅速审查,按照合理的方式确定对其适用的反补贴税。

 第四十三条 反补贴税税额不得超过终裁决定确定的补贴金额。

 第四十四条 终裁决定确定存在实质损害,并在此前已经采取临时反补贴措施的,反补贴税可以对已经实施临时反补贴措施的期间追溯征收。
  终裁决定确定存在实质损害威胁,在先前不采取临时反补贴措施将会导致后来作出实质损害裁定的情况下已经采取临时反补贴措施的,反补贴税可以对已经实施临时反补贴措施的期间追溯征收。
  终裁决定确定的反补贴税,高于现金保证金或者保函所担保的金额的,差额部分不予收取;低于现金保证金或者保函所担保的金额的,差额部分应当予以退还。

 第四十五条 下列三种情形并存的,必要时可以对实施临时反补贴措施之日前90天内进口的产品追溯征收反补贴税:
  (一)补贴进口产品在较短的时间内大量增加;
  (二)此种增加对国内产业造成难以补救的损害;
  (三)此种产品得益于补贴。

 第四十六条 终裁决定确定不征收反补贴税的,或者终裁决定未确定追溯征收反补贴税的,对实施临时反补贴措施期间已收取的现金保证金应当予以退还,保函应当予以解除。  

         第五章 反补贴税和承诺的期限与复审

 第四十七条 反补贴税的征收期限和承诺的履行期限不超过5年;但是,经复审确定终止征收反补贴税有可能导致补贴和损害的继续或者再度发生的,反补贴税的征收期限可以适当延长。

 第四十八条 反补贴税生效后,外经贸部经商国家经贸委,可以在有正当理由的情况下,决定对继续征收反补贴税的必要性进行复审;也可以在经过一段合理时间,应利害关系方的请求并对利害关系方提供的相应证据进行审查后,决定对继续征收反补贴税的必要性进行复审。
  承诺生效后,外经贸部可以在有正当理由的情况下,决定对继续履行承诺的必要性进行复审;也可以在经过一段合理时间,应利害关系方的请求并对利害关系方提供的相应证据进行审查后,决定对继续履行承诺的必要性进行复审。

 第四十九条 根据复审结果,由外经贸部依照本条例的规定提出保留、修改或者取消反补贴税的建议,国务院关税税则委员会根据外经贸部的建议作出决定,由外经贸部予以公告;或者由外经贸部依照本条例的规定,商国家经贸委后,作出保留、修改或者取消承诺的决定并予以公告。

 第五十条 复审程序参照本条例关于反补贴调查的有关规定执行。
  复审期限自决定复审开始之日起,不超过12个月。

 第五十一条 在复审期间,复审程序不妨碍反补贴措施的实施。  

              第六章 附则

 第五十二条 对依照本条例第二十六条作出的终裁决定不服的,对依照本条例第四章作出的是否征收反补贴税的决定以及追溯征收的决定不服的,或者对依照本条例第五章作出的复审决定不服的,可以依法申请行政复议,也可以依法向人民法院提起诉讼。

 第五十三条 依照本条例作出的公告,应当载明重要的情况、事实、理由、依据、结果和结论等内容。

 第五十四条 外经贸部、国家经贸委可以采取适当措施,防止规避反补贴措施的行为。

 第五十五条 任何国家(地区)对中华人民共和国的出口产品采取歧视性反补贴措施的,中华人民共和国可以根据实际情况对该国家(地区)采取相应的措施。

 第五十六条 外经贸部负责与反补贴有关的对外磋商、通知和争端解决事宜。

 第五十七条 外经贸部、国家经贸委可以根据本条例制定有关具体实施办法。

 第五十八条 本条例自2002年1月1日起施行。1997年3月25日国务院发布的《中华人民共和国反倾销和反补贴条例》中关于反补贴的规定同时废止。  

 附:           出口补贴清单


  1.出口国(地区)政府根据出口实绩对企业、产业提供的直接补贴。
  2.与出口奖励有关的外汇留成或者类似做法。
  3.出口国(地区)政府规定或者经出口国(地区)政府批准对出口货物提供的国内运输或者运费条件优于对国内货物提供的条件。
  4.出口国(地区)政府直接或者间接地为生产出口产品提供产品或者服务的条件,优于其为生产国内产品提供的相关产品或者服务的条件,但特殊情形除外。
  5.对企业已付或者应付的与出口产品特别有关的直接税或者社会福利费,实行全部或者部分的减免或者延迟缴纳。
  6.在计算直接税征税基数时,直接与出口产品或者出口实绩相关的扣除优于国内产品的扣除。
  7.对与出口产品的生产和流通有关的间接税的减免或者退还,超过对国内同类产品所征收的间接税。
  8.对用于生产出口产品的货物或者服务所征收的先期累积间接税的减免、退还或者延迟缴纳,优于对用于生产国内同类产品的货物或者服务所征收的先期累积间接税的减免、退还或者延迟缴纳,但特殊情形除外。
  9.对与生产出口产品有关的进口投入物减免或者退还进口费用,超过对此类投入物在进口时所收取的费用,但特殊情形除外。
  10.出口国(地区)政府以不足以弥补长期营业成本和亏损的费率,提供的出口信贷担保或者保险,或者针对出口产品成本增加或者外汇风险提供保险或者担保。
  11.出口国(地区)政府给予出口信贷的利率低于使用该项资金实际支付的利率,或者为出口商或者其他金融机构支付为获得贷款所产生的全部或者部分费用,使其在出口信贷方面获得优势,但特殊情形除外。
  12.由公共账户支出的构成出口补贴的其他费用。

 






 
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